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Some Special Properties of Fermented Products with Cabbage Origin: Pickled Cabbage, Sauerkraut and Kimchi Full text
2019
Ceren Özer | Hatice Kalkan Yıldırım
Some Special Properties of Fermented Products with Cabbage Origin: Pickled Cabbage, Sauerkraut and Kimchi Full text
2019
Ceren Özer | Hatice Kalkan Yıldırım
Consumption of fermented products rich in antioxidants, anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetes, anti-obesity and anti-carcinogenic compounds is growing into a key strategy to fortify antioxidant defense system. Cabbage products produced by lactic-acid fermentation are chosen via their special microbiota. Considering these special medical properties of fermented-cabbage products as pickled cabbage, sauerkraut and kimchi were produced and evaluated. The data demonstrated that pickled cabbage (109.89±4.74 mg ascorbic acid/100 g d.w.) and its brine (208.14±17.29 mg ascorbic acid/100 g d.w.) exhibited the highest vitamin C content, followed by kimchi (77.42±2.87 mg ascorbic acid/100 g d.w.). The highest total phenolic content was detected in kimchi and sauerkraut with 869.64±70.16 and 438.257±25.05 mg gallic acid equivalents/100 g fresh weight (f.w.), respectively. 50% of the scavenging effect (EC50) values of free radical scavenging activity (DPPH) in kimchi 14.6 mg/ml, followed by sauerkraut (15.52 mg/ml) and pickled cabbage (18.88 mg/ml). Results demonstrated that fermented cabbage products have a great potential with content of bioactive compounds, high antioxidant features promising high beneficial impacts.
Show more [+] Less [-]Caracterización de los ácidos húmicos extraídos de cuatro lombricompuestos y su efecto sobre la germinación de semillas de maíz Zea mays L., algodón Gossypium hirsutum y tomate Lycopersicon esculentum L. Full text
1996
Carrillo, Milena Carmen | Gómez Zambrano, Jairo | Miranda V., José Carlos
The work perfomed to characterize the elemental composition and functional groups of humic acids extracted from four lombricompost cow dung, filter press cake of sugar cane, coffee pulp and grass residue the total content of essential elements and its distribution in the humic and no humic fractions were determined. It was evalued the effect of two concentrations of humic acids (150 and 300 ppm) upon seed germination of maize, cotton and tomat. There were found differences in the elemental composition (CHON) and functional groups (COOH, OH phedic and carbony) of the humic acids atributed to variations in composition of the original substrates. The lombricompost of cow dung showed higher oxidation values (O/H = 0.49) than the lombricompost of filter press cake of sugar cane (0.40) sugering a higher grade of humification of the first. The grass residue showed higher contribution to the CIC (COOH + OH = 9. O me/g) than the coffe pulp (7. 1 me/g) the total essential elements were concentrated in the remanent residue, with lower content in the water and 0.1M HCL solutions; the fulvic and humic fractions had very low content of these elements. The humic acid at the concentrations tested did not have any effect on the germination of maize and cotton, and depressed the germination of tomato seeds. | El trabajo se realizó con el fin de caracterizar por su composición elemental y contenido de grupos funcionales, los acidos húmicos extraídos de cuatro lombricompuestos (bovinaza, cachaza, pulpa de café y residuo de prado). Se determinó el contenido y distribución de los elementos esenciales totales en las fracciones húmicas y no de acidos húmicas. Se evaluó el efecto de dos concentraciones de acidos húmicos (150 y 300 ppm) sobre la germinación de semillas de maíz, algodón y tomate. Se encontraron diferencias en el contenido elemental (CHON) y grupos funcionales (COOH, OH fenólico y carbonilo) atribuido a variaciones en la composición de los materiales de origen. La bovinaza (O/H = 0.49) mostró mayor oxidación que la cachaza (0.40) sugiriendo mayor grado de humificación de la primera. El residuo de prado mostró la mayor contribución a la CIC (COOH + OH = 9. O m.e/g) y la pulpa de café la menor (7.1 m.e/g). Los elementos esenciales totales se distribuyeron con preferencia en el residuo remanente y en las fracciones solubles en agua y HCL 0.1M, con muy bajos contenidos en los fulvatos yacidos húmicos. No se encontró respuesta a la acción de los acidos húmicos sobre la germinación de semillas de maíz y algodón y se produjo efectos depresivos en los de tomate.
Show more [+] Less [-]Cover and Table of Contents Full text
2019
Editoral Editoral
Effects of Microorganism Count and Physicochemical Properties of Tulum and Kashar Cheeses to Biogenic Amine Formation Full text
2019
Filiz Yıldız Akgül | Atila Yetişemiyen | Ebru Şenel | Fügen Durlu-Özkaya | Şebnem Öztekin | Ebru Şanlı
In this research, biogenic amine types and quantity of Tulum and Kashar cheeses were determined. In addition, the relationship between biogenic amines and some microbiological-chemical properties of cheese samples were investigated. The contents of tryptamine, phenylethylamine, putrecine, cadaverine, histamine, tyramine of totally 40 samples (20 of each cheese) were examined. While only one sample of Tulum cheeses had no biogenic amines, different levels of biogenic amines were determined in other samples. No significant relation was confirmed between the biogenic amine quantity and total aerobic mesophilic bacteria, lactic acid bacteria, enterococci bacteria count, but there was a correlation between some biogenic amine contents and chemical properties which are tyrosine, lactic acid, pH, protein and ripening coefficient. Biogenic amine levels determined in the cheeses found below hazard limit values according to what legal limit.
Show more [+] Less [-]Investigation of The Effect of Carvacrol Addition on The Change of Some Physicochemical and Bioactive Properties of Apple Juice Contaminated with Zygosaccharomyces bailii Full text
2019
Kevser Karaman | Osman Sağdıç
In this study, the effects of carvacrol addition which is a natural preservative to apple juice samples contaminated with Z. bailii which is an osmotolerant yeast and shows resistance against high sugar concentration, low acidity, ethanol content and pasteurization process, were investigated on some physicochemical and bioactive properties and also changes in yeast numbers during storage period. For this purpose, the response surface methodology was applied and storage time (1-41 days), storage temperature (4-20°C), sodium benzoate amount (0-0.1%) and carvacrol amount (0-750 ppm) were selected as processing variables. Significant changes in physicochemical properties were observed due to yeast viability occurred during the storage of apple juice samples. The increase in the amount of carvacrol caused a decrease in the number of yeasts about 7 log level and prevented the spoilage of fruit juices. However, the brix value of the samples without carvacrol showed a decrease of 50% as a result of yeast activity and the fruit juice could not be consumed. Total phenolic content of the sample was in the range of 136.7-645.7 mg GAE/L and the lowest total phenolic content was determined for the run 11 having no carvacrol while the highest total phenolic content was for the sample added with the highest carvacrol level. As a result of the optimization process, it was observed that the deterioration activities of Z. bailii could be prevented to a great extent by the addition of maximum amount of carvacrol.
Show more [+] Less [-]Macro-Anatomical and Morphometric Investigation of the Tongue and Lingual Papillae in the Guinea fowl (Numida meleagridis) Full text
2019
Ramazan İlgün | Nilgün Kuru | Ferhan Bölükbaş | Fatih Mehmet Gür
The aim of this study was to investigate the macroanatomy and morphometric of the tongue of the guinea fowl. Six chicks (6-7 weeks), six layer hens (9-13 weeks) and six studs guinea fowl were used to study and determine the anatomical features of the tongue of the guinea fowl. Papillae of the tongue were examined photos of the general anatomic structures were taken. Morphometry was calculated by statistical analysis. The tongue was triangular shaped, and consisted of apex, corpus, and radix sections. The papillae linguales caudales were on both sides of the corpus and radix linguae. Conical papillae were found to be sequentially V shaped at the radix. Thus, in this study, the anatomy and morphometric of the tongue of the guinea fowl tongue were examined in details and the similarities and differences between the tongue of the guinea fowl and the tongue of other poultry species were investigated.
Show more [+] Less [-]Ağ Kafeslerde Yetiştirilen Gökkuşağı Alabalığı Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum, 1792)’in Kan Protein düzeyleri Full text
2019
Asiye Başusta | Murat Dağ
Ağ Kafeslerde Yetiştirilen Gökkuşağı Alabalığı Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum, 1792)’in Kan Protein düzeyleri Full text
2019
Asiye Başusta | Murat Dağ
Bu çalışmada Keban Baraj Gölü'nde ağ kafeslerde yetiştirilen gökkuşağı alabalığının kan protein düzeylerinin aylık değişimi incelendi. Bir yıl boyunca gökkuşağı alabalıklarından aynı yaş gurubundan her ay 10 örnek alınarak toplam boy ve canlı ağırlıkları ölçüldü. Kaudal venadan alınan kan örneklerinin serumu çıkarılarak; total protein, albumin, globulin ve fibrinojen miktarları belirlendi. İncelenen kan protein düzeylerinden; total protein (TP) 4,52 g/dl, albumin 2,37 g/dl, globulin 2,15 g/dl olarak yıl içerisinde en yüksek Mart ayında bulunmuştur. Fibrinojen ise en yüksek Ocak ayında (198,74 mg/dl) bulunmuştur. Toplam protein, albumin ve globulin düzeyleri en düşük kış aylarında bulunurken fibrinojen yaz aylarında en düşük miktarda bulunmuştur. İstatistiki analiz sonuçlarına göre tüm ölçümlerin aylık değişimleri önemli bulunmuştur. Albumin, globulin, fibrinojen değerleri ile toplam boy ve canlı ağırlık ve değerleri arasında pozitif bir ilişki bulunmuştur ve bu değerlerin aylık değişimleri önemli bulunmuştur.
Show more [+] Less [-]Organochlorine pesticides residues in commercial milk: a systematic review | Residuos de pesticidas organoclorados en leche commercial: una revisión sistemática Full text
2019
Rêgo, Isabella Clarissa Vasconcelos | dos Santos, Greice Nara Viana | Ribeiro, Joseph Simões | Lopes, Ruy Bessa | dos Santos, Soraia Baia | de Sousa, Alessandra | Mendes, Rosivaldo de Alcântara | Taketomi, Aliza Thieko Fernandes | Vasconcelos, Arthur Abinader | Taube, Paulo Sérgio
Milk is a very important food for human consumption, mainly due to its content of fat, protein, vitamins and minerals. However, the use of organochlorine pesticides (OCP) for decades has contaminated the soil, water and air, and thus has also contaminated the milk. In this sense, in the present work a review of scientific articles was carried out, between the years 2000 and 2018, related to the evaluation of the degree of contamination of different types of milk by OCPs in different regions of the world. As a result, it was observed that although OCPs have been banned for use in agriculture since the 1980s, these compounds or their metabolites have still been detected in many samples, and in some cases the levels were above the maximum allowed by the World Health Organization. In addition, most of the samples presented contamination, which makes them a great risk to human health due to their bioaccumulation. | La leche es un alimento importante en la dieta de la población humana, principalmente por su contenido en grasas, proteínas, vitaminas y minerales. No obstante, el uso de pesticidas organoclorados (PCO) durante décadas ha contaminado el suelo, el agua y el aire y, por tanto, también ha contaminado la leche. En este sentido, en el presente trabajo se realizó una revisión de los artículos científicos, entre 2000 y 2018, relacionados con la evaluación del grado de contaminación de diferentes tipos de leche por PCO en varias regiones del mundo. Como resultado, se observó que, aunque el uso de los PCO ha sido prohibido en la agricultura desde la década de 1980, estos compuestos o sus metabolitos aún se han detectado en muchas muestras, y en algunos casos los niveles se encontraban por encima del máximo permitido por la Organización Mundial de la Salud. Además, la mayoría de las muestras presentaron contaminación, lo que las convierte en un gran riesgo para la salud humana debido a su bioacumulación.
Show more [+] Less [-]Organochlorine pesticides residues in commercial milk: a systematic review Full text
2019
Régo, Isabella Clarissa Vasconcelos | Santos, Greice Nara Viana dos | Santos, Greice Nivea Viana dos | Ribeiro, Joseph Simoes | Lopes, Ruy Bessa | Santos, Soraia Baia dos | Sousa, Alessandra de | Mendes, Rosivaldo de Alcántara | Taketomi, Aliza Thieko Fernandes | Vasconcelos, Arthur Abinader | Taube., Paulo Sérgio
Resumen La leche es un alimento importante en la dieta de la población humana, principalmente por su contenido en grasas, proteínas, vitaminas y minerales. No obstante, el uso de pesticidas organoclorados (PCO) durante décadas ha contaminado el suelo, el agua y el aire y, por tanto, también ha contaminado la leche. En este sentido, en el presente trabajo se realizó una revisión de los artículos científicos, entre 2000 y 2018, relacionados con la evaluación del grado de contaminación de diferentes tipos de leche por PCO en varias regiones del mundo. Como resultado, se observó que, aunque el uso de los PCO ha sido prohibido en la agricultura desde la década de 1980, estos compuestos o sus metabolitos aún se han detectado en muchas muestras, y en algunos casos los niveles se encontraban por encima del máximo permitido por la Organización Mundial de la Salud. Además, la mayoría de las muestras presentaron contaminación, lo que las convierte en un gran riesgo para la salud humana debido a su bioacumulación. | Abstract Milk is a very important food for human consumption, mainly due to its content of fat, protein, vitamins and minerals. However, the use of organochlorine pesticides (OCP) for decades has contaminated the soil, water and air, and thus has also contaminated the milk. In this sense, in the present work a review of scientific articles was carried out, between the years 2000 and 2018, related to the evaluation of the degree of contamination of different types of milk by OCPs in different regions of the world. As a result, it was observed that although OCPs have been banned for use in agriculture since the 1980s, these compounds or their metabolites have still been detected in many samples, and in some cases the levels were above the maximum allowed by the World Health Organization. In addition, most of the samples presented contamination, which makes them a great risk to human health due to their bioaccumulation.
Show more [+] Less [-]As a Thermal Process Contaminant Acrylamide: Formation Mechanisms and Strategies of Reducing Acrylamide Content in Meat Products Full text
2019
Hülya Serpil Kavuşan | Meltem Serdaroglu
As a Thermal Process Contaminant Acrylamide: Formation Mechanisms and Strategies of Reducing Acrylamide Content in Meat Products Full text
2019
Hülya Serpil Kavuşan | Meltem Serdaroglu
Acrylamide is a carcinogenic and mutagenic compound which is formed by the oxidation of the acrolein compound or the as a result of reactions between reducing sugars and asparagine amino acids. Although acrylamide is mostly seen in carbohydrate-based foods, frying, steaming and baking processes lead to formation of acrylamide also in protein containing meat products with composite structure. Type and the cycle of frying oil, the precursors present in the system, the cooking method, temperature, time and storage can be listed as factors affecting acrylamide formation in meat products. The adverse effects of acrylamide on health create a need for application of acrylamide reduction strategies. These strategies encompass the reduction of the precursor substances, heat treatment time and temperature as much as possible, addition of various cations, enzymes, amino acids and antioxidants to the system and removal of the resulting acrylamide compound from the system. In this review, it was aimed to clarify the factors affecting the formation of acrylamide and strategies for reducing the amount of acrylamide in meat products.
Show more [+] Less [-]Variabilidad espacial de propiedades físicas y químicas en suelos de la granja experimental de la Universidad del Magdalena (Santa Marta, Colombia) Full text
2010
José Rafael Vásquez Polo | Diosdado Baena Garcia | Juan Carlos Menjivar Flores
En suelos destinados a la actividad agrícola de la granja experimental de la Universidad del Magdalena, Santa Marta - Colombia (74° 07' Y 74° 12' longitud oeste y 11° 11' y 11° 15' latitud), se estudió la variabilidad espacial de las propiedades físicas: humedad gravimétrica, textura, densidad aparente (Da), resistencia a la penetración (RP) y conductividad hidráulica (KH) y químicas: Materia orgánica (MO), pH, CIC, N, P, K, Ca+2, Mg+2, Na+, Cu, Zn, Fe, Mn, B), utilizando una grid o malla de 29m*29m con 184 puntos de muestreo. El análisis de los datos se realizó empleando enfoques univariado, geoestadístico y multivariado. El análisis estadístico de los resultados mostró gran variabilidad de las propiedades; la densidad aparente y el pH presentaron baja variación; los componentes texturales, la RP, Ca+2, Mg+2, Cu y B mostraron variación media, mientras que la humedad gravimétrica, KH, MO, K+, Na+, CIC, Zn, P, Mn y Fe, expresaron alta variación. Con el análisis Geoestadístico se visualizó y graficó la variabilidad de cada propiedad evaluada y se evidenció la existencia de moderada dependencia espacial en las propiedades excepto en los contenidos de arena, Ca+2, CIC, P y Cu que revelan fuerte dependencia espacial. El índice de homogeneidad multivariado para los suelos en estudio fue bajo, siendo textura, Na+, B, Fe, K, pH, Ca y MO las propiedades con mayor contribución a la heterogeneidad. El análisis de clasificación permitió agrupar cuatro zonas con condiciones edáficas similares, las que se podrán utilizar para determinar el sistema de muestreo, número de muestras, tamaño y distribución de unidades experimentales y con ello facilitar la implementación de prácticas de manejo agronómico acordes con las características de cada zona.
Show more [+] Less [-]Variabilidad espacial de propiedades físicas y químicas en suelos de la granja experimental de la Universidad del Magdalena (Santa Marta, Colombia) Full text
2010
Vásquez Polo, José Rafael(Universidad del Magdalena) | Baena Garcia, Diosdado(Universidad Nacional de Colombia sede Palmira) | Menjivar Flores, Juan Carlos(Universidad Nacional de Colombia sede Palmira)
En suelos destinados a la actividad agrícola de la granja experimental de la Universidad del Magdalena, Santa Marta - Colombia (74° 07' Y 74° 12' longitud oeste y 11° 11' y 11° 15' latitud), se estudió la variabilidad espacial de las propiedades físicas: humedad gravimétrica, textura, densidad aparente (Da), resistencia a la penetración (RP) y conductividad hidráulica (KH) y químicas: Materia orgánica (MO), pH, CIC, N, P, K, Ca+2, Mg+2, Na+, Cu, Zn, Fe, Mn, B), utilizando una grid o malla de 29m*29m con 184 puntos de muestreo. El análisis de los datos se realizó empleando enfoques univariado, geoestadístico y multivariado. El análisis estadístico de los resultados mostró gran variabilidad de las propiedades; la densidad aparente y el pH presentaron baja variación; los componentes texturales, la RP, Ca+2, Mg+2, Cu y B mostraron variación media, mientras que la humedad gravimétrica, KH, MO, K+, Na+, CIC, Zn, P, Mn y Fe, expresaron alta variación. Con el análisis Geoestadístico se visualizó y graficó la variabilidad de cada propiedad evaluada y se evidenció la existencia de moderada dependencia espacial en las propiedades excepto en los contenidos de arena, Ca+2, CIC, P y Cu que revelan fuerte dependencia espacial. El índice de homogeneidad multivariado para los suelos en estudio fue bajo, siendo textura, Na+, B, Fe, K, pH, Ca y MO las propiedades con mayor contribución a la heterogeneidad. El análisis de clasificación permitió agrupar cuatro zonas con condiciones edáficas similares, las que se podrán utilizar para determinar el sistema de muestreo, número de muestras, tamaño y distribución de unidades experimentales y con ello facilitar la implementación de prácticas de manejo agronómico acordes con las características de cada zona. | We have studied the spatial variability of agricultural soils in the experimental farm at Magdalena University (Santa Marta, Colombia; 74° 07' - 74° 12' W, 11° 11' - 11° 15' N). Analyzed soil properties included: gravimetric soil moisture content, grain size analysis, bulk density, resistance to root penetration, hydraulic conductivity, organic matter content, pH, cation exchange capacity, total N and P, exchangeable cations (Ca+2, Mg+2, K+, Na+), metals (Cu, Zn, Fe , Mn) and B content. Sampling was based on a 29 x 29 m grid, resulting in 184 sampling points. Data analysis was done using univariate, multivariate and geostatistical approaches. The analyzed soil properties showed different degrees of variability: bulk density and pH low variability; grain size, resistance to root penetration, divalent exchangeable cations (Ca+2 and Mg+2), Cu and B intermediate variability; while moisture content, hydraulic conductivity, organic matter content, monovalent exchangeable cations (K+, Na+), cation exchange capacity, Zn, P Mn and Fe a large variability. The geostatistical analysis revealed the presence of moderate spatial dependency, except for sand content, exchangeable Ca+2, cation exchange capacity, P and Cu, which showed strong spatial dependency. The multivariate homogeneity index was low, being exchangeable Na+, B, Fe, K, pH and organic matter content the soil properties with lager contributions to heterogeneity. Classification analysis enabled to indentify four areas with similar edaphic conditions, which will allow to stablish the sampling strategy, number of samples, size and distribution of experimental units and thus to improve the implementation of agronomic management practices in agreement with the characteristics of the soils.
Show more [+] Less [-]Nutritional Minerals and Heavy Metals in Tea Infusions and Daily Intake of Human Body Full text
2019
Ayse Dilek Atasoy | Mehmet Irfan Yesilnacar | Ali Yildirim | Ahmet Ferit Atasoy
Nutritional Minerals and Heavy Metals in Tea Infusions and Daily Intake of Human Body Full text
2019
Ayse Dilek Atasoy | Mehmet Irfan Yesilnacar | Ali Yildirim | Ahmet Ferit Atasoy
Tea (Camellia sinensis) is one of the most popular nonalcoholic beverages in the world. During tea infusion, both essential mineral elements and toxic metals are extracted into the beverage. In oriental countries, almost a liter of tea is consumed daily by an average adult. Thus, high toxic elements in traditional teas can be of concern. Aim of the study was to determine the essential element contents and toxic heavy metal concentrations in tea products available on the market in Turkey and comparing the contents of infusion for Turkish and Ceylon black and green tea types. The associated health risk to tea drinkers were estimated with reference to Tolerable Daily Intake (TDI) Values from US EPA for adults and children. Among the essential elements in all of the black teas purchased from the market, K was present at the highest concentration followed by Mg, Ca and Al. Pb and Mn contents of several tea samples were found over the Tolerable Daily Intake levels.
Show more [+] Less [-]El desafío de las comunidades artesanales rurales: una propuesta ecotecnológica para una artesanía sostenible* Full text
2009
Pacheco Contreras, Juan Carlos(Pontificia Universidad Javeriana de Colombia Departamento de Diseño Facultad de Arquitectura y Diseño) | Gómez Vásquez, Gonzalo(Pontificia Universidad Javeriana de Colombia Departamento de Diseño Facultad de Arquitectura y Diseño) | Barrero Tapias, Gabriel(Pontificia Universidad Javeriana de Colombia Departamento de Diseño Facultad de Arquitectura y Diseño)
An eco-technological model was used to determine aspects of artisanal production in the rural communities of Galapa and Usiacurí, located in the Department of Atlántico, Colombia. Galapa produces wooden masks and Usiacurí, handcrafts made with the Iraca palm. Both communities are facing the challenges of globalization and the capacity of their artisans has been affected by market economy dynamics, which demand high levels of production and excessive use of natural resources. This has led to a rupture between material cultural patrimony, technological memory, and ecological balance of natural resources used. The model draws from qualitative data obtained through participatory instruments, which are then systematized in a structural analysis matrix to determine the impact and inter-dependency of the different aspects covered in the model. Based on the results obtained, a tool was designed for decision-making processes regarding the cultural, technological, and ecological productivity of handcraft production. | Bajo el enfoque del Modelo Ecotecnológico observado en las comunidades artesanales de Galapa y Usiacurí del Departamento de Atlántico; Colombia, se presentan las dimensiones que caracterizan lo artesanal. En ambas comunidades se elaboran máscaras en madera y artesanías en palma de iraca, respectivamente, las cuales han persistido a los retos de la globalización. Sin embargo, la capacidad de estos artesanos ha sido perturbada por la dinámica económica basada en el mercado, que les exige niveles de producción y utilización excesiva de recursos naturales, conduciéndolos a una ruptura entre el patrimonio cultural material, la memoria tecnológica y el balance ecológico de recursos naturales utilizados. El modelo se construye a partir de datos cualitativos obtenidos mediante instrumentos participativos sistematizados en una matriz de análisis estructural, para dar cuenta de las relaciones de incidencia y dependencia de las dimensiones del modelo. Los resultados se sintetizan en un instrumento que permite tomar decisiones sobre la productividad cultural, tecnológica y ecológica de la producción artesanal.
Show more [+] Less [-]Role of Different Cover Crops on DTPA-Extractable Micronutrients in an Apricot Orchard Full text
2019
Zeynep Demir | Nihat Tursun | Doğan Işık
This study was conducted to compare the effect of different cover crop treatments on DTPA-extractable micronutrients (Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu) and soil pH in an apricot orchard with clay texture located in Malatya province of Turkey. For this purpose, 5 different experimental groups (Vicia villosa Roth (VV), Vicia pannonica Crantz (VP), Vicia pannonica Crantz and Tritikale mixture (70% + 30%, respectively) (VPT), Phacelia tanacetifolia Benth (PT), Fagopyrum esculentum Moench (FE)) and 3 control groups (mechanically cultivated (MC), herbicide treatment (HC) and bare control plot (BC)) were used in the apricot orchards. The soils were sampled from 0–20 cm and 20-40 cm depths in each plot for soil analyses. According to the obtained results, while cover crop treatments reduced pH values of soils according to the bare control, the cover crops increased the Fe, Mn and Zn contents of soils in the 0-20 cm soil depth. The highest Ext-Fe, Mn and Zn contents were obtained in the VV (14.83mg kg-1, 8.42 mg kg-1, 1.03 mg kg-1, respectively) at the 0-20 cm soil depth. As compared to bare control, highest percent increases in Fe, Mn and Zn contents were determined in the VV 27.73%, 31.69% and 37.54%, respectively. The greatest significant negative correlations in the VV treatment were observed between pH and Fe (-0.985**), between pH and Mn (-0.945**) and between pH and Zn (-0.764*). The greatest significant negative correlations in the VP treatment were observed between pH and Fe (-0.948**), between pH and Mn (-0.928**) and between pH and Zn (-0.722*). It was concluded based on current findings that cover crops, especially Vicia villosa Roth and Vicia pannonica Crantz could be incorporated into cropping systems to improve micronutrients and to provide a sustainable soil management.
Show more [+] Less [-]İyileştirici Bahçeler ve Tasarım Kriterlerinin Değerlendirilmesi Full text
2019
Gülbin Çetinkale Demirkan
Var olduğu günden beri doğa ile etkileşim halinde olan insanoğlu doğadan farklı amaçlar için yararlanmaktadır. Eğlenmek, çeşitli aktivitelerde bulunmak, kendini iyi hissetmek için her zaman doğanın bir parçası olan yeşil alanlara ihtiyaç duyulmaktadır. Ancak insanlar; hızlı ve çarpık şehirleşme, sanayileşme ve teknoloji gibi faaliyetler sebebiyle azalan yeşil alanlarla artan kapalı mekanlarda yaşamlarını devam ettirmektedir. Kırsal alanlarda yaşayan insanların da artan kaygıları, onları şehirlere çekmeye başlamış, kentler giderek yoğunlaşmış, birçok kentte ihtiyacı karşılamak adına betonlar yükselmiş, yaşam kalitesi azalmış, doğa hiç bozulmayacakmış gibi tahrip edilmiş ve bugün birçok konut yeşil alansız, bahçesi olmadan inşa edilmiştir. Yeşile özlem duyan, doğadan uzaklaşan günümüz insanında depresyon ve buna bağlı olarak gelişen psikolojik bozukluklar görülmeye başlanmıştır. Doğa ve doğal alanların insanlar üzerindeki olumlu etkileri birçok bilim insanı tarafından da tespit edilmiştir. Son yıllarda, insan sağlığı üzerinde yapısal çevrenin etkileri dikkat çekmiş ve “iyileştirici bahçe” kavramı ortaya çıkmıştır. İyileştirici bahçeler peyzaj mimarlığı çalışmalarında da yeni bir hareket etkisi oluşturmuştur. Bu çalışmada; iyileştirici bahçelerin çeşitli sağlık problemleri olan hastalar üzerindeki etkilerinden bahsedilerek, tasarım ilkelerine göre değerlendirmesi yapılmıştır.
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