The aim of this study is to reveal how consumers perceive the Geographical indication (GI) label in Mersin, which has such a rich diversity, and the factors that are effective in this perception. In this context, our main population is 571,485, which is the average number of households in Mersin in 2020, and a survey study was conducted with 260 consumers by using Simple Random Sampling Method Based on Main Audience Ratios in sample selection. As a result of the research, it has been determined that the most important factors in the purchasing behavior of consumers are the price of the product, the certificates of the product and the content of the product. Consumers define quality food as a natural, additive-free and healthy product. While 41.41% of the consumers had heard of the concept of GI, 23.54% of these people stated that they had sufficient knowledge about the subject. On the other hand, 6.79% of the consumers stated that they pay more attention to the GI labels in the products they buy than other consumers. 18.10% of consumers who have knowledge about the GI concept perceive the GI label as a quality indicator. On the other hand, 24.22% of consumers reported that they are willing to overpay for GI registered products. As a result, it can be said that more information should be provided on GI in Mersin, where an important development has been experienced especially after the Law enacted in 2016, and this system will be an important local development tool if the deficiencies in this area are eliminated.

The aim of this study; By examining the development of technology use in agriculture, making comparisons according to countries and discussing the applicability of 4.0 technology in the agricultural sector, the advantages of these technologies to business economy and management are determined. As a matter of fact, the increase in the world population and the need for more resources accordingly keeps the issue of productivity on the agenda. Technological methods are needed to increase productivity in agricultural production. These technological methods; It is known as green agriculture, precision agriculture, digital agriculture, smart agriculture or agriculture 4.0, and with the development of these technologies, a very comprehensive data acquisition process has started and it has come to the point of making business decisions according to the analysis of the data and the results of these. At this point, the most important issue to be discussed is the applicability and affordability of smart agriculture technology. As a matter of fact, the production factors (land, capital, labor and entrepreneurship) owned by agricultural enterprises in Turkey are limited and insufficient according to European standards. Therefore, the compatibility of the technologies to be used according to the enterprises is extremely important, and strategies should be determined in order to prevent the use of idle technology. In this context, for the first time in the study, the technological development was examined by classifying the application areas of Agriculture 4.0 technology and their hardware features. As a result, predictions and suggestions about the future of Agriculture 4.0 or smart agriculture will be prepared and the smart agriculture policy will be presented to the sector and public institutions.

The study aimed was to determine the best nonlinear function describing the growth stages of the Japanese quail breed. To this aim, growth functions such as exponential, logistic, von Bertalanffy, Brody, and Gompertz were used as nonlinear functions is used in the description of the body weight-age relationship of male and female Japanese quails. The Multivariate Adaptive Regression Splines (MARS) data mining algorithm was applied to the individual growth parameters obtained from the determined as the best fit model, and the relationship between sex and growth parameters with it has been revealed. The study dataset was 1267 body weight-age records collected from the hatching to the 6th week of age of 181 Japanese quails consisting of 90 females and 91 males. Each model was applied separately for both males and females. Model fit criteria such as coefficient of determination (R2), adjusted coefficient of determination (R2adj), Akaike's information criterion (AIC), and Bayes information criterion (BIC) were used to evaluate the performances of the growth functions used individually. All the statistical analyses were made by the R package program. The growth curve models were ranked in the form of Logistic > Gompertz > von Bertalanffy > Brody > Exponential according to the goodness of fit criteria. The most suitable model among the non-linear models in terms of performance was logistic. When the relationship between the growth curve parameters and body weight of the logistic model was explained with the MARS algorithm, the goodness of fit criteria showed that the obtained MARS model showed reliable performance. In addition, Pearson’s correlation coefficient between real and estimated body weight was found quite strong for the MARS algorithm (r=0.935). The results showed that the MARS algorithm can be presented as a good reference for breeders to establish breed standards and selection strategies for Japanese quails in growth parameters for breeding purposes.

A corn dryer prototype was manufactured for Mexican small-scale farmers in order to avoid them paying fines for corn with a high-moisture content when selling their corn on to stores. The dryer comprised two large boxes perforated by round holes and containing stainless steel trays subjected to a hot air temperature of 45°C within the batch. The accumulated grain in both boxes was 200 mm and the airflow rate were 0.56 m3 s-1. The corn ears layer was of 80 mm of depth in each of the boxes. The airflow rate was 0.34 m3 s-1. Within eight hours, we sampled corn grain in nine points of each box and found that the mean corn grain moisture content was reduced from 30.36% to 10.47% for box 1 whereas for box 2 it was reduced until 14.72%. The fuel consumption for drying was 0.55 kg h-1 of kerosene. In Box1, the exponential regression model for corn grain moisture content had an R² of 0.9143 whereas Box 2 exponential regression model had an R² was of 0.6642. In Box 1, the exponential regression model for corn ear moisture content had an R² of 0.9616 whereas Box 2 had an R² was of 0.9400. Both models for corn cob moisture content had an R² of 0.9639. Two-layer corn dryers can be used to harness gas or fuel energy to speed up drying for storage.

World trade in agricultural products, tends to increase. Turkey is among the countries in foreign trade advantages with its agricultural potential. As one of the most important tomato producer countries, monitoring of developments in the world tomatoes trade is extremely important for Turkey. The aim of this study was to evaluate Turkey’s position in world tomato trade. The developments of tomato foreign trade between Turkey and importer countries were analysed using Trade Intensity Analysis Method. Turkey supplied %75 of total tomato exports to Russia. Ukraine, Saudi Arabia, Iraq, Syria and Israel are important markets for tomato export. The epidemic (Covid-19 virus) has also been reflected in the international trade balances in tomato production. Giving importance to Turkey’s political relations and to boost its exports by providing market diversity, it is important for the sustainability of tomato exports. In this context, market researches should be conducted specially to find and entrance into new markets. Besides the fresh tomato, the activities for the export of tomato paste and canned tomato should be implemented.

Yetişkin bir insanın dengeli olarak beslenebilmesi için; bir günde 2800-3000 kalori ve en az 75-80 g protein alması ve alınan bu proteinin de en az 30-35 g’ının hayvansal kökenli olması gerekmektedir. Besin maddeleri karbonhidratlar, proteinler, lipitler, vitaminler ve minerallerden oluşmaktadır. Bütün gıdalar az veya çok bu bileşikleri içerir. Bitkisel kökenli besinlerde bu bileşikler olsa da et, süt, yumurta, bal gibi hayvansal kökenli besinlerde proteince zengin olmasının yanında içerdiği proteinin biyolojik değerliliği de yüksektir. Hayvansal ürünlerin hastalıkların tedavilerine destek olarak kullanılması üzerinde durulduğunda da keçi sütünün öneminin belirtilmesi gerekmektedir. Keçi sütlerinden birçok hastalıkların tedavisinde yararlanıldığı bilinmektedir. Keçi sütü ve keçi sütü ürünlerinin düzenli olarak tüketilmesinin egzema, astım, sindirim rahatsızlıkları, varisle ilgili bazı rahatsızlıklar, virus apseleri ve bazı alerjik durumların tedavisinde yararlı olduğu uygulamalardan alınan olumlu sonuçlarla belirlenmiştir. “Apiterapi “ arı ürünleri ile tedavi yöntemidir ve ülkemizde hızlı bir gelişme göstermektedir. Arıcılık aktivitelerinden elde edilen ürünler; bal, polen, propolis, arı sütü, arı zehiri gibi ürünlerdir. Bu ürünler halk arasında birçok hastalıklarda (uykusuzluk, sindirim sistemi hastalıkları, üst solunum yolu enfeksiyonları, romatizmal, gripal, ortopedik hastalıklar, deri kanseri, ekzema, astım, damar sertliği, mide barsak hastalıkları, romatizmal hastalıklar, böbrek, idrar yolu enfeksiyonları vb.) tedavilere takviye olarak kullanılmaktadır. Bal, propolis, arı sütü mükemmel bir antibakteriyel özelliğe sahiptir. Arı zehirinin antiromatizmal özelliği bulunmakta, polende immünolojik hastalıkların tedavisinde kullanılmaktadır. Hayvansal ürünlerin beslenme ve sağlık açısından önemi de göz ardı edilmemeli ve konuyla ilgili daha fazla çalışmanın yapılması gerekmektedir.

Cadmium (Cd) is one of the toxic heavy metals not essential for the growth and development of plants and other organisms. Brassica rapa accumulates several heavy metals in its leaves and is reportedly suitable for phytoremediation. In this study, Cd uptake and accumulation in the leaves of B. rapa exposed to different cadmium levels (0, 5, 10, 20, 50, 100 μM CdSO4) were analyzed, as well as the effect of Cd stress on HMA2 and HMA4 genes expression were investigated. The qRT-PCR results showed that HMA2 and HMA4 play a vital role in cadmium uptake and translocation in B. rapa at low Cd levels (5-20 μM). However, exposure to high Cd levels (50 and 100 μM) significantly reduced the growth and biomass of B. rapa. Furthermore, high levels of Cd inhibit the expression of HMA2 and HMA4 genes in B. rapa. Our data show a multigenetic (co-acting of many transporter gene clusters) response in the signaling pathway associated with Cd accumulation and tolerance mechanism in B. rapa.

This study was carried out in order to determine the antifungal effects of elemental sulfur applications on Rhizoctonia solani, Fusarium solani in potatoes in 2011-2012. Elemental sulfur was applied in 0, 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 kg S/da doses with 3 different methods (seed tuber, soil (seed bed) and potato leaf). For both infections, seed tuber and soil applications showed higher antifungal effects than foliar applications. The effects of the application methods were different depending on the doses, and 6 kg/da and above S in seed tuber applications, 10 kg/da S in soil applications, and 6-8 kg/da S doses in foliar applications showed a higher antifungal effect. Infected tuber ratio and the infection severity with R. solani decreased to 18.8% and 6.0%, respectively with 10 kg/da S soil applications. The mean infection severity and infected tuber rate with F. solani decreased to 6.8% and 6.0%, respectively, with 8 kg/da S seed tuber applications. Sulfur applications showed high antifungal effect on both fungal pathogens, and this effect was higher on R. solani. With sulfur applications, a significant resistance can be created against R. solani and F. Solani infections, which have high economic damage in the potato plant. It was concluded that the application of sulfur to the soil or seed tuber was much more effective than the foliar application and 6-8 kg/da S applications may be sufficient to control of fungal diseases.