Beekeeping, which is a livestock branch made depending on nature, is to collect nectar from many vegetable sources from various regions, and to transform them into different bee products in the most economical and appropriate seasonal periods. Many products are obtained with beekeeping. The contribution of these products to the economy is very high. The use of bee products on human health has also increased in recent years. Apart from these, bees also make important contributions to the ecosystem. They are pollinators of many plant species existing in the world and they also serve as pollinators of many fruits and vegetables produced in greenhouses. Thanks to the pollinatorship of bees, the quality of the products obtained is increasing. Again, with its pollinator function, bees ensure the continuity of many endangered plants, and play an important role in ecosystem balance by increasing plant and animal diversity. Bees are not only involved in the pollination of plants that need an external pollinator, but also the product quality and quantity are increased in many plants that perform their own pollination. In this review, the importance of bees in pollination and the effect of global warming on bees are mentioned.

Covid-19 salgını gıda ve hayvancılık sektörünün önemini ortaya çıkarmıştır. Hayvancılık sektöründe üretimin devam etmesi olası gıda krizini önlemiştir. Covid 19 salgını ülkemizde hayvancılık üzerinde bazı etkiler yaratmıştır ve küresel piyasalarla birlikte maliyetlerde artış olmuştur. Ne yazık ki maliyetlerdeki artış halen devam etmekte ve üreticiyi zor duruma sokmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, pandemi sürecinin Türkiye’de hayvancılığı üzerine olan etkileri değerlendirilmiştir. Bu konu ile ilgili ulaşılabilen kaynaklar incelenerek mevcut durum ortaya konulmuştur. Ayrıca, COVID-19 etkeninin özelliği ile hayvan türleri arasındaki farklılıklara ait bilgiler verilmiş ve çiftlik hayvanları sayıları incelenerek büyükbaş, küçükbaş, kanatlı ve arı ürünleri üretimleri incelenmiştir. Bu çalışma, COVID- 19’un hayvancılık sektöründe ve çiftlik hayvanlarında görülen etkileri ile ilgili veriler derlenerek literatüre katkı sağlamak üzere hazırlanmıştır.

The bean plant is a legume plant that binds free nitrogen of the air by the nodosity formed in the roots. For this reason, it was aimed to investigate the effect the pod of bean characteristics of bean by applying different doses of phosphorus and nitrogen on Göksun beans cultivar. In the study, 0, 3, 6, 9 kg da-1 phosphorus and 0, 4, 8, 12 kg da-1 nitrogen doses were applied to Göksun bean variety. The pod length (cm), pod width (mm), pod diameter (mm), number of pods per plant (edet), weight of a single pod (g), number of seeds per pod (pieces), weight of single seeds (g) of Göksun bean cultivar were investigated. In the research, it was noted that the effect of phosphorus doses only on the pod diameter, the effects of nitrogen doses on the pod length, pod diameter, pod width, single seed weight and seed number of pod were significant. The differences in number of pods in the plant, seed number of pods, pod length, pod weight, single seed weight in terms of phosphorus and nitrogen interaction were founded statistically significant. According to the results of the research, it was determined that 4 kg da-1 and above nitrogen dose applications made a positive contribution in terms of pod properties

Macrofungi have long been used as food and medicinal purposes by humankind. This study aimed to identify a macrofungus sample collected from Niğde, Türkiye in 2019 via molecular techniques and determine the content of total phenolic compounds, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities. According to data obtained from the sequence analysis of ITS fragment of rDNA the macrofungus sample was identified as Bjerkandera adusta (Willd.) P. Karst (1880). The sample was extracted with ethanol and methanol. Total phenolic compound content, antioxidant activity via DPPH scavenging method and antimicrobial activity via disc diffusion method of B. adusta was determined by using these extracts. The amount of total phenolic compounds was found as 772.28 µg GAE/mL for a methanolic extract of B. adusta. The ethanol extract of B. adusta showed 79.66% scavenging activity of 0.1 mM DPPH solution. The highest inhibition zone diameter was measured as 28±1 mm against P. aeruginosa by ethanolic extract, while the lowest antimicrobial activity was found in 15 µL methanol extract against S. typhimurium with an inhibition zone diameter of 8.7±1.2 mm.

Cumilla Sadar Dakshin region is highly diverse in respect to land types, topography, agro-ecology, land-use pattern, cropping systems and crop variability & variety. Agricultural development of the region largely depends on the reliable and comprehensive statistics of the existing cropping cultivation and its related system adopted by the farmers. To investigate the homestead vegetable production and its impact on family nutrition, food security, income generation as well as involvement of female members a survey study was conducted at Cumilla Sadar Dakshin during 2019. A total of 150 selected homesteads were surveyed for this purpose through developed questionnaire and focus group discussion. Both primary and secondary data has been collected from different sources to fulfill the objectives of the study. The results of this study indicated that the farmer’s age, marital status, education level, farm size, source of income, women participation etc. Farmer’s knowledge and farming experiences, perception and attitude differs on different demographic conditions like: age, sex, education, farm size, training which significantly influence the adoption of modern technologies provided by different organizations. The results also showed that women contribution in homestead vegetable production is high in medium farmer’s category 41.67% and low in small farmers 36.36% respectively. The highest number of total vegetables was produced by the medium farmer (63,732 kg/year) followed by small (39,445 kg/year) and marginal farmer (25,514 kg/year). This study provides some recommendation which might impacts on betterment of farmers’ occupational and socio-economic condition by establishing proper policy and legislation both in local and national level administration as well as agricultural extension.

In Turkey, three species of mulberries, white (M. Alba), black (M. Nigra), and red-purple (M. Rubra) are grown commonly. These widely can be consumed fresh as well as dry. However, its rapid post-harvest decay raises major concerns about the sustainability of the fruit for both food and economic purposes. In this regard, besides the fresh consumption of black mulberry fruit, it can consume as dried it also offers an alternative way. In this study, it was aimed to compare some quality parameters in fresh and dry samples of Morus rubra fruits grown in Tokat. It was applied different temperatures to Morus rubra fruits that at collected in two different maturity levels (semi-ripe and full-ripe). In the drying process, mulberry fruits were dried in a hot air dryer at 40, 50, 60, and 70°C. Total phenol, Total phenol, total monomeric anthocyanin, total antioxidant capacity, colour values (L, a, b) chroma, hue (ho), and browning indices values will be measured in fresh and dried products. In addition, different mathematical models will be tried by constantly noting the weight drops of the products at certain time intervals and determining which mathematical model will best predict the drying kinetics

In the study, it is designed to be useful and appropriate to benefit from the purchased items in the Central District of Tokat. Proportional sampling method is interviewed with 384 views. By applying the chi-square test to the data set, correlation with the highway was made. Statistically, it's pretty affordable in price, from products purchased from education, age-related sales, to unfavorable prices. What was reached in the study; discounts, vegetation, and what may be of importance to decision makers.

Colostrum quality produced by dairy cows varies considerably. The amount of immune protein content in colostrum has also high specific gravity. In this study, the specific gravity of colostrum (SGC) produced by 32 Holstein-Friesian cows with different parities in the first five milking after calving, and additionally, the fat content (FC), non-fat dry matter content (NFDMC) and somatic cell count (SCC) in the milk samples taken in the first five milking and on the fifth and 10th day milking of lactation were determined. The effects of parity and milking order on SGC, FC, NFDMC and Log10SCC were detected to be statistically significant. Parity x milking order interaction effect was found to be significant for SGC, FC and NFDMC, but its effect on Log10SCC was insignificant. Cows with three and upper parities had higher SGC, FC, NFDMC, and Log10SCC than cows in the first and second parities. While SGC (1055.09±1.20 mg/mL), FC (6.36±0.12%) and NFDMC (18.17±0.37%) obtained at the first milking decreased gradually in advancing milking, Log10SCC (5.90±0.028) level increased. The correlation coefficients of SGC with FC, NFDMC, and Log10SCC were low-medium, the coefficients between FC and NFDMC were moderately too high in the first three milking, and decreased and approached zero in advancing milking. It was observed that SGC remained high even in the fourth milking in some cows, especially in the third and higher parities. In conclusion, it has been revealed that not only colostrum obtained from the first milking, but also quality colostrum produced in subsequent milking can be used in calf feeding in dairy cattle farms. However, all this depends on the adoption of the strategy of determining the quality of colostrum with the help of a colostrometer in dairy cattle farms.

The purpose of this study was to determine the chemical content, in vitro gas and methane production, relative feed value (RFV), relative feed quality (RFQ), in vitro digestibility parameters, and microbial protein production of the Italian ryegrass plants harvested in different periods of the 2020 production season in Erzincan. In this study an ANKOM Daisy Incubator was used to determine the in vitro digestibility parameters. In vitro gas production technique was used todetermine gas production and predicted parameters. It was found that there were significant differences between the Italian ryegrass plants harvested in different periods in terms of composition, RFV, RFQ, and in vitro digestibility and fermentation parameters. The RFV, metabolizable energy (ME), net energy (NE), true NDF digestibility (TNDFD), organic matter digestibility degree (OMDD), total digestible nutrient (TDN), dry matter intake (DMI), and RFQ values of the Italian ryegrass plants were found to be 247.32, 9.13, 5.68, 62.26%, 54.15%, 55.35%, 4.82%, and 215.81, respectively. On the other hand, after 24 hours of incubation it’s in vitro gas (GP), and methane production (ml and %), true dry matter digestibility (TDMD) values, partitioning factor (PF), microbial protein (MP), microbial protein synthesis efficiency (MPSE), and true digestibility (TD) were found to be 105.41, 17.35, 16.42, 281.72, 2.68, 57.68, 20.32, and 59.82, respectively. In conclusion, determining the digestibility of plants via the measurement of RFV, RFQ, digestion parameters, and gas production in different harvest periods provided insights into the potential of Italian ryegrass as a feed material.

In the study, the growth performances of the Shibot fish (Tor grypus) with an average weight of 2.38 g were evaluated by feeding them with 3 different protein-containing feeds for 45 days. In order to create these evaluations, the experimental groups were designed as G1 (33%), G2 (37%) and G3 (41%) fed with different protein levels. Effects on body weight gain (BWG), Feed conversion rate (FCR), Specific growth rate (SGR), Survival rate, Economic conversion rate (ECR) and Economic profit index (EPI) as growth parameters has been researched. At the end of the study, the offspring reached a weight of 3.42±0.16 g, 4.17±0.06 g and 4.50±0.02 g, respectively. G3 and G2 group individuals showed similar performance in terms of end-trial FCR, EPI and ECR.