A research was carried out to assess the suitability of surface water for irrigation purposes. For this reason, 56 samples of surface water were collected from each union of Dinajpur sadar upazilla, Dinajpur. The analysis was included pH, EC, TDS, Ca, Mg, S, P, Na, K, Cl- and HCO3- to evaluate the suitability of surface water for irrigation purposes. Almost all the water samples were within the recommended pH value for irrigation and a great impact on crop production. With respect to electrical conductivity (EC) samples were low to medium salinity. For total dissolved solids (TDS), all samples were considered as freshwater for irrigation. On the basis of Ca, Mg, S, P, Na, K, Cl- and HCO3- all samples could safely be used for irrigation and would not affect the soils.

The aim of this study was to determine the effects of adding orange peel (PKY), lemon peel essential oils (LKY) and PKY+LKY (respectively 300, 300, 150+150 mg/kg) to laying quail diets on performance, egg internal and external quality parameters and hatchability parameters. The eight-week trial was conducted in 20 subgroups, with 4 treatment groups and 5 replications for each treatment, and a total of 120 Japanese quails at 10 weeks of age were randomly distributed, with 6 quails (4 females, 2 males) in each subgroup. Feed intake with the addition of LKY to the diet, egg production and egg mass with the addition of PKY + LKY decreased significantly compared to the control group, and the eggshell breaking resistance with the addition of LKY and PKY + LKY increased significantly compared to the control group. However, the addition of LKY, PKY and PKY+LKY to the diet did not affect hatchability and reproduction parameters. According to these results, the addition of 300 mg/kg PKY and 300 mg/kg (150+150) PKY+LKY to breeder quail diets had an effect on the increase of eggshell qualityi, although the performance was adversely affected.

In this study aimed to determine the effect of ultrasound and microwave assisted extraction on fatty acids yield. Fatty acid components of Tamarindus Indica (T. Indica) seed were determined using ultrasound assisted microwave extraction method. T. Indica is cultivated in the tropics and in Egypt and India. Its fruits are 12-15 cm long, brown and leguminous. In addition to its positive effects on the digestive system, it is an excellent source of vitamin C and a rich antioxidant. It has also been proven beneficial in keeping blood sugar balanced. Fatty acid components were determined by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectroscopy (GC-MS) method. In addition, the effects of the solvent on the fatty acid yield were investigated. When the results of the analysis were examined, the highest yield was obtained when ethyl alcohol and methyl alcohol were used as solvents. Another important solvent is acetone. The least product was achieved when hexane was used as solvent. Linoleic acid and arachidic acid were detected in each type of solvent used. Capric acid, ligroseric acid and nervotic acid, which are important fatty acids, are detected only in methyl alcohol extraction. The ultrasound assisted microwave extraction method was found to be much faster than the traditional Soxhlet extraction method.

Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) were examined effects of apricot kernel oil (Prunus armeniaca L.) on the immune mechanisms. After Fish weight 40 ±0,03 g was intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection 1% and 10% apricot kernel oil (AKO), blood was taken from the caudal vein of anesthetized (50 ppm, benzocaine) fish. Myeloperoxidase production (MPO), Serum bactericidal activity, protein levels, Lysozyme response (LYS) and total immunoglobulin (Ig) were determined on days 3, 7, 14 and 21. The same strategy was conducted on a control bunch. No contrasts were found within the levels of immunuglobulin between the control and test groups. However, there were considerable increases in bactericidal activity, MPO, LYS, protein levels and important differences were detected between the control and experimental groups. AKO can be utilized to improve the resistant instruments of rainbow trout.

Çalışmada Ildır Körfezi, Çeşme (Ege Denizi)’nin üç farklı bölgesinden Mart-Nisan 2018 tarihlerinde ticari trol teknesi ile elde edilen Echelus myrus (Linnaeus, 1758) bireylerinin üreme özellikleri incelenmiştir. Örneklerde boy ve ağırlık değerleri sırasıyla; 55,5-97,0 (70,63±12,85) cm, 180,84-420,83 (276,50±70,50) g’dır. Boy-ağırlık ilişkisi W=0.2936L1.61 (R2=0,96)’dir. Fekondite; 25563-55016 (41811±9416) oosit olarak tespit edilmiş olup total boy-fekondite arasında F=658.54L-5603.9 (R2=0,86) şeklinde doğrusal bir ilişki saptanmıştır. Oosit çapları; 0,84-1,09 mm (0,95±0,06) olarak tespit edilmiştir.

In July 2017, three specimens of an alien fish species were caught by the amateur fishermen in Kızılırmak River at Sivas city center. One of the fish specimens was taken from the fishermen for ichthyologic examination. The morphological, metric (23 features) and meristic characters (13 features) of this specimen were determined. The alien fish is with ovoid shape and flattened laterally. Mouth is in a sub-ventral position. The tooth row is double. Teeth formula are 3,2 / 2,3 (at first row on maxil) and 2 / 2 (at second row on maxil), 3,3 / 3,4 (at first row on mandibul), 1,1 (at second row on mandibul). The number of rakers on the first gill arch is 33. The scale numbers in line lateral are 107 (on right side) and 103 (on left side). The number of branched rays of dorsal, anal, pectoral, and ventral fins are 14, 24, 14, and 7; respectively. As a result of the evaluation of morphological, metric and meristic characters, it was decided that the alien fish caught from Kızılırmak was Piaractus mesopotamicus (Holmberg, 1887) belonging to the Characidae family. This species is also called as the small-scaled pacu. P. mesopotamicus is not among to native fish fauna of Kızılırmak. It is a fish species which originated from South America and is a tropical freshwater fish. These alien fish specimens which were caught by the amateur fishermen, probably translocated from a hobbyist aquarium to this aquatic system. Both directly and indirectly, invasive fishes affect a wide range of native organisms from zooplankton to mammals across multiple levels of biological organizations ranging from the genome to the ecosystem. This study is the first scientific record for Sivas aquatic systems related to alien fish species.

Çalışma, endofit bakteri uygulamalarının farklı kuraklık stresi altında yetiştirilen biber fidelerinin gelişimi üzerine etkisini ortaya koyabilmek amacıyla, kontrollü koşullarda saksı denemesi şeklinde yürütülmüştür. Biber çeşidi olarak Mostar F1; endofit bakteri olarak da Ochrobactrum sp. (CB36/1) ve Bacillus sp. (CA41/1)) izolatları uygulanmıştır. Bakteri uygulaması, 109 cfu/ml yoğunluğunda iki kez (ilk uygulama 10 ml- ikinci uygulama 15 ml) yapılmıştır. Tohum ekiminden itibaren, 52 gün boyunca tüm saksılar düzenli olarak sulanmıştır. Kontrol (B0) uygulamalarında sulamalara 2 gün aralıklar ile devam edilmiş; ikinci uygulamada (B1) dört günlük bir kuraklık stresi ve son uygulamada (B2) ise 8 günlük bir kuraklık stresi uygulanmıştır. Bitki gelişim parametreleri olarak; gövde çapı, sürgün boyu ve kök uzunluğu, sürgün yaş ve sürgün kuru ağırlığı, yaprak sayısı, kök yaş ve kök kuru ağırlığı incelenmiştir. B1 ve B2 stres uygulamalarının, bitki gelişimine etkisinin genel olarak olumsuz olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Endofit bakterileri uygulamalarının ise farklı kuraklık streslerinin yol açtığı olumsuzluğa karşı nispeten olumlu düzeyde etkilere sahip olduğu belirlenmiştir.

Catalase from the thermophilic fungus Mycothermus thermophilus is a bifunctional enzyme with a secondary phenol oxidase activity (CATPO). MtCATPO catalyses the oxidation of catechol, chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid and (+)-catechin to yield mainly dimers, and higher molecular weight oligomers and polymers. The role of this phenol oxidase activity is not known. Here, the antioxidant capacities (AC) of the phenolic substrates in the absence and presence of MtCATPO were compared. The oxidized products displayed enhanced AC reaching a maximum of 2.4-fold with catechol. Other phenol oxidases (laccase and tyrosinase) did not yield AC enhancement to the same extent. MtCATPO-treatment increased AC of green and black tea infusions, as well as water extracts of samples collected from a black tea production line up to 28%. The bifunctional MtCATPO appears to be an important antioxidant enzyme with a wide range of potential applications in the food, neutraceuticals and pharmaceuticals industry.

This experiment was carried out under the study entitled “Ripening regulation of the banana Cv. Malbhog using different ripening inducers” for controlling the ripening of the banana, for improvement of quality attributes and post-harvest life of banana. The experiment was conducted at laboratory of horticulture, Agriculture and Forestry University, Rampur, Chitwan, Nepal from 14th March to 16th April 2019. These experiments were laid out in completely randomized design in which the first experiment comprised of seven treatments consisting of distilled water spray, ethephon @ 250 ppm, ethephon @ 500 ppm, ethephon @750 ppm, ethephon@1000 ppm, Dhurseli (Colebrookea oppositifolia) leaves and Ripe banana replicated thrice. Different post-harvest parameters were recorded at the interval of two days for the experiment till any one of the treatment attained score 6 in the color chart. In this experiment, the CI-6 stage was reached earlier on the 9th day with the use of ethephon @ 1000 ppm but ethephon @ 500 ppm was found more effective regarding quality parameters with TSS (21˚B), and TSS/TA (34.66). The maximum physiological loss in weight (12.927%) and pulp peel ratio (3.65) was observed with ethephon@1000ppm and the minimum was achieved in banana sprayed with distilled water. The shelf life of banana was seen minimum (13.33 days) in ethephon @ 1000 ppm and maximum (20.33 days) in banana sprayed with distilled water.

Bu çalışma büyüyen bıldırcın rasyonlarına farklı seviyelerde arı poleni ilavesinin performans, karkas ve serum biyokimyasal parametreleri üzerine etkilerini belirlemek amacıyla yürütülmüştür. Araştırmada günlük yaşta toplam 240 adet karışık cinsiyette bıldırcın civcivi her birinde 40 civcivin bulunduğu dört tekerrürlü altı muamele grubuna rastgele dağıtılmıştır. Muamele rasyonları bazal rasyona 0, 3, 6, 9, 12 ve 15 g/kg arı poleni ilave edilerek hazırlanmış olup, bıldırcınlar 42 gün süren deneme boyunca bu rasyonlarla yemlenmiştir. Deneme sonunda canlı ağırlık, canlı ağırlık artışı, yem tüketimi ve ölüm oranı gibi performans parametreleri muamelelerden etkilenmezken, rasyona 9 g/kg seviyesinde arı poleni ilavesi ile yemden yararlanma oranı önemli ölçüde iyileşmiştir. Karkas parametrelerinden ise relatif karkas, göğüs ve but+sırt ağırlıkları rasyona farklı seviyelerde arı poleni ilavesinden önemli ölçüde etkilenmiştir. Serum biyokimyasal parametrelerinden yalnızca albümin konsantrasyonu muamelelerden etkilenmiş; rasyona 3 ve 9 g/kg seviyesinde arı poleni ilave edilen gruplarda kontrol grubuna göre önemli ölçüde azalmıştır. Deneme sonuçlarına göre rasyona 9 g/kg arı poleni ilavesinin yemden yararlanma oranına olumlu etkilerinin olduğu söylenebilir.