Thyme is one of the spices that is widely consumed in the regions where it grows and is used in many dishes, especially soups, and gives a regional identity to the dish where it is used. In this study, the amount of phytochemicals and antioxidant capacity of the plant Satureja hortensis L. (süpürge kekiği, çibriska) which grows spontaneously and is used as a spice in meals in the Karakoçlar settlement area of Olur district of Erzurum province was investigated. The total amounts of phenolic and flavonoid substances were determined to be 40.85±0.85 mg GAE/g and 26.52±0.46 mg QE/g, respectively. In addition, the DPPH radical scavenging activity of the plant extract was calculated as 45.24 ±3.47 μg TE/mL and the IC50 value was calculated as 177.11±0.99 μg/mL. It was determined that the Cu2+ reducing antioxidant capacity of the S. hortensis plant extract was 2162.09±113.61 μg TE/mL and the Fe3+ reducing antioxidant capacity was 24.36±4.59 μg TE/mL. As a result, it was concluded that the S. hortensis plant, which is known with different names in different regions, has antioxidant potential and can be used as a natural antioxidant source in addition to its common use.

Propionic acid bacteria (PAB) are extremely important because of the metabolites they produce (vitamins, propionic acid, conjugated linoleic acid, and bioactive peptides). Nowadays, the increasing interest in healthy nutrition has led to the formation of the concepts of probiotics, postbiotics and functionality with studies. Vitamin B12 is one of the postbiotics produced by PAB and is known to be beneficial for human health. Due to its coenzyme feature, it plays a key role in the body process, as well as shows anti-inflammatory properties. The recommended dietary intake of vitamin B12 for adults is 4 μg/day. Although it is highly found in meat products, it is known that the bioavailability of B12 in dairy products is higher. Fermented dairy products, especially products that contain PAB in their natural microflora, are good tools for the production and intake of vitamin B12. In this study, the factors affecting the microbial production of vitamin B12 were examined.

In this study, it was aimed to determine the effects of organic and inorganic fertilizer applications at different rates on the yield and development of maize plant. The research was carried out in three replications in greenhouse conditions, according to the randomized plot design, in plastic pots with a capacity of three kg. Applications in research; control, conventional fertilization, gypsum (1% and 2% w/w), anhydrite (1% and 2% w/w), calcite (1% and 2% w/w), perlite (1% and 2% w/w), vermicompost (5% and 10% w/w) and animal manure (5% and 10% w/w). Maize was used as the test plant. Maize plant was harvested approximately 60 days after planting and analysis of dry matter production and nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, iron, zinc, manganese and copper were made. According to the results of the research, the highest dry matter production was determined at 15.4 g pot-1 and 10% of the vermicompost application. This application was followed by conventional fertilizer application (13.64 g pot-1). In addition, vermicompost application in general had higher values in macro and micro element concentrations of maize plant.

In this research, fresh green peppers were dried in a kitchen microwave oven at 600W, 700W and 800W. The drying curves of the study were compared with 5 different thin layer drying models in the literature. The changes in the moisture values of the samples against time were expressed graphically. R2, χ2 and RMSE values were used to determine the most suitable model for dried green peppers. Color values of fresh and dried peppers were determined. It was found that the L* and b* values of the dried peppers were lower, and the a* value was higher than the fresh green peppers. In addition, the rehydration rate of dried peppers was calculated. It was determined that the rehydration ability of the peppers decreased as the applied microwave power increased. For this reason, it was found that the peppers with the highest rehydration rate were those dried with 600W. Also, it was found that the most suitable model for all microwave powers among the five drying models was the Logarithmic drying model. It was calculated that the R2 values of the drying models ranged between 0.830-0.999, χ2 values between 0.0001- 0.4684 and RMSE values between 0.0014-0.6121. It was determined that the highest R2 (0.997-0.999), the lowest χ2 (0.0001-0.0002) values, and the lowest RMSE (0.0014-0.0035) values for all microwave powers belong to the Logarithmic drying model.

The present study was conducted to evaluate the water quality of the inlet, irrigation outlet, and edges linked to Nuwarawewa reservoir, Mahakanadarawa reservoir, Hurulu wewa reservoir, Sangilikandarawa reservoir, and Nachchaduwa perennial reservoir in Anuradhapura, Sri Lanka. Water samples were taken from a designated position of each inlet, irrigation output, and edges in the second inter-monsoon, northeast monsoon, and first inter-monsoon seasons. Water quality indicators such as pH, electrical conductivity (EC), total dissolved solids (TDS), Na, K, Ca, Mg, Sodium Adsorption Ratio (SAR), NO3- -N, NH4+-N, dissolved reactive phosphorus (DRP), and heavy metals (Cd, As, Pb, and Hg) concentrations were measured in each water sample. Data was analyzed using SPSS statistica software. Considerable temporal fluctuations in water quality indicators were detected in inlets, irrigation outflows, and edges over the research period. The findings revealed that NO3- -N, NH4+-N, and DRP in Sangilikandarawa reservoir during the northeast monsoon were close but not above the FAO (1985) maximum levels guidelines for irrigation water. pH, EC, TDS, and heavy metals (Cd, As, Pb, and Hg) in all the other tanks were within permitted values according to WHO drinking water quality standards and FAO (1985) guidelines for irrigation water. This finding further demonstrated that the consequences of surrounding land use on water pollution in inlet water canals linked to Sangilikandarawa and Nuwarawewa are greater. It could be concluded that a pollution management plan needs to be implemented in order to stop further pollution.

Six different temperate zone species of Cyprinidae family members, which are adapted to different harsh environmental conditions, were analyzed versus cold-acclimated Salmonid. Hemoglobin diversity in the studied species was investigated with a modified form of isoelectric pH: 3.5-10 ampholite system. 6 isohemoglobin bands were observed for cold-acclimated Oncorhynchus mykiss 8 isohemoglobin were observed for Chalcalburnus tarichi 9 for Cyprinion macrostomus and Sarkisla (Sivas) Cyprinus carpio, 11 Garra rufa and finally 12 for Todurge (Sivas) Cyprinus carpio. Cathodic/anodic ratios were found equal to 1for control and the fish adapted to available conditions. However, these ratios were found below 1 when environmental conditions were changed for fish, which are adapted to these poorly oxygenated conditions. Different environmentally adapted fish species are representing various isohemoglobins bands pattern. The species used as a control group in this study shown the lower isohemoglobin bands form. On the other hand, different forms of temperate climate Cyprinidae family member are produced isohemoglobins bands pattern, and the number of these band were higher than control group, depending on different adaptation conditions. The majority of these protein bands were anadic and it can be said that fish are producing anodic hemoglobin protein, when environmental conditions was changed to poorly oxygenated milieu.

In this study, it was aimed to determine the factors that are effective in the adaption of high system viticulture by Erbaa narince vineyard leaf producers.Comparative analysis of the two groups using primary data collected from a total of 112 farmers, of which 44 were engaged in high-system viticulture and 68 were engaged in viticulture according to goble training system in 8 villages where it was appropriate to interview 25% of the total 33 villages in Erbaa. it is made. Demographic characteristics of producers such as number of households, education level, age and gender were examined. Chi-Square and logistic regression analysis were used to determine whether social, economic and adoption factors differ in terms of groups. The factors that were effective in the adoption of high system viticulture were determined as the age of the producer, agricultural income, total vineyard area and viticulture experience. High system viticulture, which has been tried to be expanded in Erbaa since 1998, has not been found to be at the desired level. It is important to develop attractive credit facilities for directing in viticulture according to goble training system producers to high system viticulture, facilitate application processes in material and certified seedling support, and announcing supports to producers, increase the training-extension activities related to high system viticulture.

Different brewing methods can lead to changes in the physicochemical properties of green tea. In this study, the physicochemical properties of green tea brewed with different amounts (5, 7.5 and 10 grams) and times (5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45, 50, 55, and 60 minutes) were investigated. Green tea produced by Çaykur was used in the study. Mineral analysis of green tea samples was performed with ICP-OES, and color analysis was performed with Minolta Spectrophotometer. The antioxidant activity was assessed using the DPPH method and the total phenolic content was determined using the Folin–Ciocalteu method. In terms of mineral content, it was determined highest levels of mineral content (mg/kg) for Al, Ca and Mg (10 g-25 minutes); Fe, Mn and Na (10 g-25 minutes); and B (10 g-50 minutes) as 16.005, 4.099, 24.075, 0.120, 13.855, 1.320 and 0.164, respectively. It was determined lowest levels of mineral content (mg/kg) for Al, Ca, Mg, and Mn (5 g-5 minutes); B and Fe (5 g-10 minutes), and Na (5 g-15 minutes) as 2.756, 1.193, 3.324, 1.23, 0.025, 0.002 and 0.48, respectively. In terms of color, it was determined that the lowest and highest L* values are 39.97 (10 g-45 minutes) -54.23 (5 g-35 minutes), lowest and highest a* values are -2.24 (5 g-5 minutes) (-4.70) (7.5 g-35 minutes) and lowest and highest b* values are 4.91 (5 g-5 minutes)- 23.98 (10 g-60 minutes). The antioxidant activity value (inhibition %) in green tea was found to be the range of 28.51 % (5 g, 45 minutes)- 47.95 (10 g- 40 minutes), and the total phenolic content (mg GAE/mL) was found to be the range of 15.99 (5 g, 5 minutes)- 35.61 (10 g, 15 minutes). The findings determined that green tea brewed with different amounts and times showed statistical differences in terms of color, mineral content, antioxidant activity, and total phenolic content.

The main purpose of this study is to compare the perceived stress level of university students in terms of body-mass index categories and gender. 235 university students (183 female, 53 male) between the ages of 18-40 participated in the study. Participants were selected from six different departments of six universities by convenient sampling. In the study, a personal information form asking about university, department, age, disease status, drug use, weight, height and gender, and a perceived stress scale were used as data collection tools. While body mass index (BMI) categories and gender were determined as independent variables in the study, perceived stress level was determined as dependent variable and the data were analysed with a one-way ANOVA test. The findings revealed that there was no statistically significant difference in the perceived stress levels of the participants in terms of gender and body mass index categories. However, for one factor of the stress scale (readiness to cope with stress), participants in the normal body mass index range reported significantly less stress than participants in the obese body mass index range. The findings will be discussed in the light of the literature.

Promoting the agricultural sector with up-to-date technologies and inputs is convenient to enhance productivity. Production intervention is needed by introducing and adopting proper agronomic practices. Improved agricultural technologies increase production, quality, sustain food security, economic development and natural resource conservation. Koka, Meki and Ziway are known for their vegetable production as well as intensive agrochemicals consumption. Agrochemicals are applied on farm to enhance soil fertility, reduce pathogens, and induce plant growth. Tomato is one of the main commercial cash crops in these areas. Most commercially productive tomato varieties are highly sensitive to disease, vulnerable to nutrient deficiency, and other abiotic stress that requires rigorous agrochemical inputs. Ethiopian tomato production is very low due to various contributing factors including lack of improved varieties, diseases, pests, poor farming system, soil fertility maintenance as well as poor irrigation system. Farmers in the study areas applied inaccurate agrochemicals dose, rate, and application schedule that foster repeated spray. Intense agrochemical application leads to adverse environmental and health impacts due to deposit of toxic chemicals, residue leakage to water bodies and air pollution. It is important to practice proper agricultural inputs, reduce hazardous chemical residues, protect humans, other beneficial organisms and the environment. Moreover, developing IPM technology is recommended for better healthy agricultural production and sustainability.