This study was conducted to determine the effect of production system, slaughter age, and gender on the nutrient composition, fatty acids profile, and index values of breast and thigh meat in Alectoris chukar partridges. Partridges were slaughtered at 14, 16, and 18 weeks of age and skinless breast and thigh meat of male and female were used in the study (a total of 96 samples in 2 replicates). The production system affected only the crude fat level of the thigh meat in terms of nutrient composition and it was found higher in the intensive system compared to the free-range system. Age and gender did not significantly affect the composition of breast and thigh meat. In terms of fatty acid profile, erucic acid (C22:1n9) level in breast meat was higher in intensive system, while it was higher in thigh meat in free-range. While the percentage of docosahexaenoic acid (C22:6n3) increased with age in breast meat, it decreased in thigh meat with age. While eicosenoic acid (C20:1) percentage was higher in breast meat of male birds compared to females, only stearic acid (C18:0) was found to be higher in thigh meat. Saturated fatty acids (SFA), linolenic acid (n3), thrombogenic index (TI) and atherogenic index (AI) values were higher in thigh meat produced in free-range system, while polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), total unsaturated fatty acids (UFA), linoleic acid (n6) and hypocholesterolaemic / hypercholesterolaemic ratio (h/H) were significantly higher in intensive system. While SFA and TI levels in thigh meat decreased with age, monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA), UFA and oleic acid (n9) percentages increased. MUFA / SFA in thigh meat of females was higher than males, other indexes were found insignificant. The results shows that partridges had desirable fatty acid composition. Especially, the increase in MUFA and UFA values with age in thigh meat compared to breast indicates that thigh meat is enriched in terms of unsaturated fatty acids. However, the higher SFA and AI values obtained in the free-range system could be considered a negative outcome for alternative production systems that prioritize bird welfare and consumer demands.

There are few studies in Botswana which have examined the relationship between agriculture and economic growth. The uniqueness of this study is grounded in investigating disintegrated agriculture components into crop production and livestock production and investigating their nexus with economic growth. This study estimated the short and long term effects between crop production, livestock production and economic growth in Botswana for the period 1990 to 2017. The Auto-Regressive Distributed Lagged (ARDL) bounds testing approach was employed to investigate the stated relationship. Study findings from the ARDL bound testing approach confirm evidence of a long-run equilibrium relationship between crop production, livestock production and economic growth. Results indicated that livestock production has a positive and significant impact on economic growth both in the short run and long run. On the other hand crop production has a positive and significant impact on economic growth only in the long run. Efforts towards supporting agricultural sector growth should be emphasized to promote agricultural sector productivity in a bid to forge a move away from dependence on imports of food in Botswana. To enhance economic growth, in both the short run and long run, the government of Botswana and all relevant stakeholders should invest in and promote livestock production. In the long term, policies that foster crop production are essential for economic growth.

Kuru baza göre başlangıç nemi %83,95 ± 0,01 y.b. (5,24 ± 0,003 kg su kg KM-1) olan 100 ± 0,10 g ağırlığındaki Deveci armudu dilimleri (Pyrus communis L. cv. Deveci) son nemi %11,40 ± 0,06 y.b. (0,13 ± 0,001 kg su kg KM-1) değerine ulaşıncaya dek gölgede kurutma, 60, 80 ve 100°C’de sıcak havayla kurutma yöntemleriyle kurutulmuş ve bu yöntemlerin kurutma süreçleri sırasıyla 11150, 437, 252 ve 148 dakikada tamamlanmıştır. Çalışmada deneysel olarak elde edilen zamana bağlı ayrılabilir nem oranı değerleri yirmi farklı ince tabaka kurutma eşitliği kullanılarak modellenmiştir. Buna göre 60°C ve 100°C için deneysel verilere en yakın sonuçları veren modelin Modified Henderson & Pabis eşitliği olduğu; buna karşın gölgede kurutma ve 80°C’de kurutma yöntemlerinde ise sırasıyla Alibas eşitliğinin ve Jena & Das eşitliğinin en iyi modeller olduğu görülmüştür. Gölgede kurutma yönteminde her hangi bir enerji tüketimi olmamasına karşın bu yöntemin oldukça uzun olması ve ürünün kalite parametreleri üzerinde olumsuz etkilere yol açması gibi nedenler Deveci armudunun kurutulmasında gölgede kurutma yönteminin kullanışlı bir yöntem olmadığını ortaya koymuştur. Bununla birlikte toplam enerji tüketiminin kurutma sıcaklığının artmasıyla yükseldiği görülmüştür. Ayrıca sıcaklık artışının kalite parametrelerini de olumsuz etkilediği tespit edilmiştir. Kurutma süresi ve özgül enerji tüketimi gibi işletim parametrelerinin yanı sıra parlaklık, kırmızılık, sarılık, kroma, hue açısı, toplam renk değişimi ve kahverengileşme indeksi gibi kalite parametrelerinin taze ürüne oldukça yakın olmasından dolayı 60°C’de sıcak havayla kurutma yönteminin Deveci armudunun kurutulması için uygun bir yöntem olduğu görülmüştür.

The study aims to investigate the monthly changes in the prices of culture fish that were sold in retail fish outlets in Sinop in 2019 and determine the correlations between the prices of the species. The retail outlets were determined using stratified sampling and divided into three groups as I (high), II (medium), and III (low) with respect to their product range and sale amounts. Each sale group was represented by two independent retail outlets. The prices were determined twice a month at the same time of the day during the study. The retail outlets were determined to sell sea bream (Sparus aurata), sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax), and rainbow trout (Oncorhyncus mykiss) culturing of which are carried out in Turkey. The difference in the monthly prices of the species was not statistically significant. There was a positive and moderate relationship between the prices of sea bream and sea bass (r=0.69), a positive and strong relationship between the prices of sea bass and trout (r=0.85), and a positive and strong relationship between the prices of sea bream and trout (r=0.71).

Bu çalışmada, Aydın İlinde yer alan incir işleme tesislerinin teknik ve kalite etkinlik skorları ve bu skorlar üzerine etkili olan faktörler non-parametrik bir yöntem olan Veri Zarflama Analizi ve 1000 replikasyonlu truncated-regresyon modeli ile belirlenmeye çalışılmıştır. Anket yöntemi ile elde edilen veriler kullanılarak yapılan analizler sonucunda, işletmelerin neredeyse tamamının ölçeğe göre değişen getiri varsayımı altında çalıştıkları ve teknik etkinlik skorları ortalamalarının %98, kalite etkinliği skorları ortalamalarının ise %58 olduğu belirlenmiştir. Teknik etkinlik skorları üzerinde “Öğrenim Durumu”, “Sektör Tecrübesi” ve “Kendi Ürünü Olan İnciri İşleme”, kalite etkinliği skorları üzerine ise “Sektör Tecrübesi”, “Sözleşmeli Üretim” ve “Kalite Kontrol Uygulamaları” faktörlerinin pozitif yönde etkili olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Bunun yanında, özellikle sağlıklı atıştırmalıklar pazarında niş bir ürün sayılabilecek kuru incirin üretim aşamasında sektörel eğitim ve dış riskler açısından önemli sorunlar görüldüğü ve bu sorunların çözümü için sektör bileşenlerine sorunları dile getirme ve çözüm talebi konusunda önemli görevler düştüğü, özellikle sektörel eğitim ile kalifiye eleman ihtiyacının giderilmesi gerektiği, jeotermal santraller ve barajlar konusunda bilimsel araştırmalar yapılmasının gerekliliği öneri olarak dile getirilmiştir.

Alchemilla genus, which belongs to the Rosaceae family, is a medicinal plant used for various purposes among the people. Species of this genus are known in Turkish folk medicine as lion claw or hazelnut grass. Especially, they are used mainly women’s illnesses, in gastritis, anti-inflammatory, as carminative, and in the treatment of wound. Besides the antimutagenic effect of Alchemilla alpina L., its above-ground parts are used for antimycotic purposes in the form of tea or oral care water. In this study, it has been aimed to determine the antimicrobial effect of the above-ground parts of Alchemilla alpina extracts obtained from methanol, ethanol and chloroform and the antioxidant activity of different concentrations of the extract obtained from methanol. The antimicrobial activity of methanol, ethanol and chloroform extracts of the above-ground parts of A. alpina has been determined according to disk disc diffusion method. In the results obtained have been showed that these extracts inhibited the growth of some bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus ATCC25923, Escherichia coli ATCC25322, Klebsiella pneumoniae ATCC700603, Bacillus megaterium DSM32) and yeasts (Candida albicans FMC17 and Candida glabrata ATCC66032) at different rates (8-23 mm). The antioxidant activity of different concentrations (1.25, 2.5, 5 and 10 mg/ml) of the above-ground parts of A. alpina extract obtained from methanol has been determined according to the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging capacity method. In the results obtained, it has been observed that the effect of removing DPPH radical of A. alpina increased depending on increasing concentrations.

Growth factors and vitamin-like substances have great positive importance in most biological interactions in the cellular level. The addition of these elements in the culture media will increase the yield of the resulting embryos and improve quality. We examined the effects of epidermal growth factor (EGF) and myo-inositol (MI) on meiotic maturation and yields of blastocyst of Awassi sheep oocyte across two experiments. The oocytes obtained were subjected into three treatments: A (without EGF nor MI), B (10 ng/ml EGF + 20 mmol/l MI) and C (50 ng/ml EGF +40 mmol/l MI). Oocytes were then cultured in Ham's F-10 medium supplemented with 5% (v: v) fetal calf serum and 40 ng/ml follicle - stimulating hormone. In the first experiment, during the 27-h culture period, the oocytes were assessed for germinal vesicle break down, metaphase-I and metaphase-II stages across three-time intervals (9, 21 and 27-h). Results of the experiment showed that EGF and MI enhanced the rates of germinal vesicle break down phase (1.53%; 27-h interval; lowest value), metaphase-I (33.87%; 21-h interval) and metaphase-II (89.23%; 27-h interval). In the second experiment, the oocytes incubated in treatment B achieved the highest rates of cleavage (81.96%), 2-8 cell (62.35%) and blastocyst (45.09%). It is concluded from the present study that incubating sheep oocytes in culture media containing a cocktail of EGF (10 ng/ml) and MI (20 mmol/l) significantly improves the rates of metaphase-II, fertilization and blastocyst rates.

Covid-19, which affects the whole world and is accepted as a pandemic by the world health organization, caused millions of people to die. The elderly are in the group with the highest risk of losing their lives due to the Covid-19 virus. Stricter restrictive / protective measures have been taken for the elderly in Turkey, as in the whole world. With this research, it is aimed to evaluate the sociological and psychological effects of the "elderly", who are one of the health risk groups of the society, in terms of landscape architecture, during the pandemic days when they had to experience various problems after the outbreak. In the study, face-to-face and online questionnaires were applied to individuals aged 50 and over on a voluntary basis. As a result of the study, it was determined that the implementation of curfews and restrictions for the elderly and the formation of an isolated lifestyle from other age groups caused an increase in loneliness and anxiety levels and negative psychological effects. It has been revealed that the activities that individuals will carry out in the green area, their conversations and socializing with their peers, and walks in the open area have a positive psychological and sociological effect for the elderly. It has been determined that the elderly who become lonely and depressed at home with the restrictions imposed under pandemic conditions want to be in green areas. The sociological and psychological positive effects of being in green areas and spending time, and the changes in the behaviour and emotions of the elderly who have pandemic restrictions paralleled the response of the participants to the questionnaire.

Macrophomina phaseolina is a soil pathogen known as charcoal rot and can cause up to 90% yield loss in sunflower under suitable conditions. The serious damage caused by chemicals used in the control of soil-borne pathogens to the environment and health has become one of the most important concerns in agriculture. Therefore, in our study, it was aimed to determine the in vitro antagonistic effects of various bacterial species against M phaseolina. A total of 38 bacterial strains were isolated from soil samples in the rhizosphere of Malva sylvestris (hibiscus), Vicia sativa (vetch), Cicer arietinum (chickpea), Papaver rhoeas (weasel), Carlina marianum (thistle), Glebionis coronaria (crown daisy) and Vicia faba collected from Urla district of İzmir. All bacterial strains exhibited antibiosis effect under in vitro conditions, but it was determined that 5 bacterial isolates among them showed a high inhibition zone and showed an average inhibition potential ranging between 55% and 74%. The most effective bacteria identified at species and genus level by Maldi biotyping (MALDI-TOF MS) were identified as Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, Stenotrophomonas sp. and Bacillus cereus (3 isolates), and these species showed that they can be important biocontrol agents in biological control against M. phaseolina.