Sebzeler, meyveler ve otlar dengeli beslenmenin ana unsurlarıdır. Rambutan, Nephelium lappaceum tropical meyve türlerinden biridir. Dünyadaki bir çok değişik bölgelerde olduğu gibi Türkiye’de de Akdeniz bölgesinde özellikle de Antalya’da tropikal bir meyve olan Rambutan yetişmektedir. Tropik ve nemli coğrafyada yetiştirilip tüketilen Rambutanın 200’den fazla çeşiti vardır. Hem taze hem de kuru olarak tüketilmesi mümkün olan bu meyve, hafif ekşi ve ağırlıklı tatlı bir tada sahiptir. Bu ilk çalışma olup, taze Rambutan meyve ekstraktlarının farklı solventlerinde ve saklama koşullarında in vitro antioksidan kapasiteyi ve oksidatif stresi araştırmak amaçlandı. Antalya ilinden temin edilen taze Rambutan meyvesi kullanıldı. Taze Rambutan meyvesi %1,15 KCl (potasyum klorür), %0,9 NaCl (sodyum klorür) ve 0,1 M (Molar) fosfat tamponu ile ekstrakte edilip homojenleştirildi. Bu bitki homojenatlarında oksidatif stresin göstergesi olan antioksidan enzim aktivitesi MDA (malondialdehit), SOD (süperoksit dismutaz) ve CAT (katalaz) seviyeleri ölçüldü. Ayrıca rambutan meyve ekstraktlarının depolama koşulları 1., 3., 5., 7., 15. ve 30. günlerde +4℃,-20℃ ve -70℃'de incelendi. MDA, SOD ve CAT düzeyleri bu homojenatlarda spektrofotometrik olarak ölçüldü. En yüksek antioksidan kapasitenin ve en düşük MDA düzeyinin %1,15 KCI içeren meyve ekstraktında bulundu. Ancak en düşük antioksidan kapasite ve en yüksek MDA düzeyi, fosfat tamponlu meyve ekstraktında bulundu. Ayrıca Rambutan meyvesinin +4℃’de yaklaşık 1-2 gün, -20℃’de yaklaşık 10 gün ve -70℃’de yaklaşık 15 gün boyunca aktivitesini koruduğu gözlemlendi. Sonuçlar, Rambutan meyvesinin yüksek düzeyde antioksidan güçte olup geliştirilme potansiyelinde bir gıda olduğunu göstermiştir.

Studies on water occupancy rates have an important share in the sustainability of dam lakes, which are an important component of aquatic ecosystems. İmranlı Dam Lake was built between 1994-2002 for energy and agricultural irrigation purposes. This study is about the water occupancy rates of the İmranlı Dam Lake, located in Sivas province of Türkiye, between the years 2010-2021. The highest water occupancy rate of İmranlı Dam Lake was determined as 76.20 percent in 2018, while the lowest water occupancy rate was 27.70% in 2012. The average annual water occupancy rate of İmranlı Dam Lake between 2010-2021 was calculated as 56.86 percent. According to these values, it was determined that the water occupancy rates of the İmranlı Dam Lake did not face a significant decrease between the years 2010-2021. As a result, there is no short-term problem in terms of water occupancy rates in İmranlı Dam Lake. However, this does not mean that it will not be a problem in the long run. For this reason, taking into account the possible effects of climate change (CC), the water of İmranlı Dam Lake should be used sparingly and consciously. As a result of all these measures that can be taken, sustainability will be ensured in the İmranlı Dam Lake, and at the same time, water scarcity will be prevented, the continuity of aquatic vitality will be ensured and losses will be prevented.

Drought, a critical abiotic stress worsened by climate change, poses a substantial threat to crop production and global food security. White cabbage is classified as a moderately drought-sensitive crop. The function of folic acid, otherwise known as folate, in the plant's response to drought conditions is not yet fully understood. The aim of the study was to evaluate the potential of folic acid in enhancing certain growth parameters and physiological traits of cabbage seedlings under limited irrigation conditions. In this investigation, the effects of FA as a foliar application at 0, 100, and 200 µM (FA0, FA1, and FA2, respectively) were examined on white cabbage seedlings grown under full-irrigation (I0) and restricted irrigation (I1), set to 50% of full capacity irrigation scheme (I0). Drought stress adversely affected the plant growth properties of cabbage seedlings, whereas FA treatments mitigated the adverse effects of drought stress on the plant growth properties of cabbage seedlings. Under restricted irrigation, plants treated with 100 µM FA (FA1) had higher plant height, stem diameter and leaf area, while plants treated with 200 µM FA (FA2) had higher plant dry weight and plant dry matter content. Plant fresh weight increased with FA treatments under restricted irrigation, but no significant difference was observed between doses. On the other hand, leaf relative water content (LRWC), which decreased under restricted irrigation conditions, increased with FA applications regardless of the dose, while electrical conductivity (EC), which increased under the same conditions, decreased with 100 µM FA (FA1) application. Leaf number, root fresh weight, root fresh weight, root dry weight, root dry matter content and chlorophyll value (SPAD) were not affected by FA treatments under both restricted and full irrigation conditions. In conclusion, foliar spray of folic acid in cabbage can be recommended as a potential application to alleviate drought stress.

Biochar production has gained significant attention lately due to its potential to sequester carbon,                improve soil fertility and mitigate climate change. Various production technologies have been developed to convert biomass into biochar, each with its unique characteristics and advantages. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the current biochar production technologies aiming to synthesize existing knowledge and identify research gaps with a focus on their potential to contribute to the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) 2, 12, 13 and 15. The scope of this review encompasses various biochar production techniques including slow pyrolysis, fast pyrolysis, gasification and torrefaction. The effects of production conditions such as temperature, residence time, and feedstock types on biochar properties and yields are discussed. The prospects of using biochar in the agricultural system were discussed.  Additionally, challenges and opportunities associated to scaling up biochar production technologies are highlighted. The findings of this review have implications for the development of sustainable biochar production practices and environmental management strategies.

Tarihin başlangıcından beri insanların yaşamlarını sürdürebilmeleri için en temel gereksinimleri gıda ürünleri (yiyecek-içecek) olmuştur. Artan insan nüfusu ile gıda ürünlerine olan ihtiyaç da artmış ve gelişen teknolojiyle birlikte, gıda sektöründe gerçekleştirilen seri üretimlerle bu ihtiyaçlar karşılanmaya çalışılmıştır. Ancak küreselleşmenin de etkisiyle artan kitlesel gıda ürünlerinin güvenliği sorunu ortaya çıkmış ve bu da toplumları gıda güvenliği ve izlenebilirliği politikaları ve izlenebilirlik sistemleri oluşturmaya yönlendirmiştir. Bu derlemede 18. yy’da buharlı makinelerin kullanımıyla ortaya çıkan 1. Endüstri Devrimi ile başlayıp günümüzde endüstriyel süreçlerde makinelerin insan gücüne göre etkin bir rol almaya başladığı 4. Endüstri Devrimi (Endüstri 4.0) dahil olmak üzere endüstriyel devrim aşamaları ele alınmış ve bunların gıda sektöründeki etkileri incelenmiştir. Endüstri 4.0’ün temel prensipleri ve uygulamalarının gıdada izlenebilirlikte kullanımı ile ilgili çalışmalar araştırılarak tartışılmıştır.

The present study aims to evaluate the energy production potential from walnut (Juglans regia L.) residues, specifically pruning waste and shell biomass, in Kırşehir province, Türkiye. Data collected between 2019 and 2023 were analyzed to quantify the biomass availability and its corresponding energy potential across various districts in the region. The findings reveal that total biomass production from pruning residues increased from 1220.36 t in 2019 to 1322.69 t in 2023, resulting in an energy potential growth from 19,904.02 GJ to 21,573.11 GJ. A similar trend was observed in shell biomass, which rose from 483.11 t to 523.62 t, resulting in an energy potential increase from 9164.60 GJ to 9933.12 GJ. The Kaman district consistently dominated, accounting for over 55% of the total energy potential, while Boztepe and Çiçekdağı exhibited the lowest contributions. The total energy production potential from walnut residues in 2023 was estimated at 31,506.22 GJ (31.51 TJ), corresponding to an annual electricity generation capacity of approximately 8751.74 MWh. The study emphasizes the higher energy potential of pruning residues compared to shell biomass and highlights regional disparities in biomass availability, underscoring the need for targeted strategies to optimize resource utilization. The findings indicate that the utilization of walnut residues for bioenergy purposes has the potential to substantially mitigate fossil fuel dependency and to promote sustainable energy development in the region.

Bu araştırmada ‘Fuyu’ çeşidi meyvelerine, hasattan 14 ve 21 gün önce farklı dozlarda (0, 75, 150 ve 225 mg l-1) AVG (Aminoetoksivinilglisin) uygulamalarının depolama süresince meyve kalitesine etkileri incelenmiştir. AVG uygulaması yapılan meyveler modifiye atmosferli poşetler ile ambalajlanarak 0-1oC sıcaklık ve %85-90 oransal nemde 4 ay süreyle depolanmıştır. Araştırmada ağırlık kaybı, toplam suda çözünür kuru madde miktarı, titre edilebilir asit miktarı, meyve eti sertliği, askorbik asit miktarı, toplam fenolik madde miktarı, toplam antioksidan madde miktarı, solunum hızı ve üşüme zarar oranları incelenmiştir. Çalışmada depolama süresince meyve eti sertliği azalırken, meyvelerin ağırlık kayıplarında artışlar belirlenmiştir. AVG uygulamalarının meyve olgunlaşması üzerine olan geciktirici etkisine paralel olarak üşüme zararı oluşumu da gecikmiştir. Solumun hızı ve biyokimyasal bileşiklerin kaybı üzerine artan dozları ile AVG’nin engelleyici etkisi belirgin bir şekilde ortaya çıkmıştır. Sonuç olarak, ticari hasattan önce uygulanan 150 ve 225 mg l-1 AVG uygulamasının, hasat sonrası depolama döneminde meyve kalitesi açısından Fuyu’ çeşidi Trabzon hurması üzerinde önemli ve olumlu bir etkisi olmuştur.

The whitefly, Bemisia tabaci, damages various crops by releasing honeydew and spreading. Although farmers and pest control experts primarily rely on insecticides to manage whiteflies, the notable issue is their tendency to develop resistance to major insecticide categories, posing a significant challenge. This result has led to the improvement of new drugs or insecticide mixtures. In addition, some plant-based studies have been conducted to control whiteflies, and RNA interference (RNAi) technology has been used in recent years. This study aimed to identify the relationships between tobacco, cotton, tomato, and linen miRNAs and odorant-binding protein (OBP) and chemosensory protein (CSP) genes in whiteflies by using in silico approaches. We determined that 115 miRNAs belonging to these plants targeted 13 CSP and 8 OBP genes of B. tabaci. Obtaining findings are important to reduce dependency on chemicals and pesticides in pest management.

In this research, the usability of spent mushroom compost/substrate (SMC/SMS) as casing material was investigated. For this purpose, different volumes of peat and spent mushroom substrate (peat, peat + SMS (1/1), peat + SMS (1/2), peat + SMS (2/1), SMS) were used as casing material. The effects of spent mushroom substrate waste used as casing material and different volumes of peat applications on cap length, cap diameter, stipe length, stipe diameter, hardness, number of mushrooms, average mushroom weight, yield of cultivated mushrooms were determined. Different casing material applications affected stipe length, hardness, number of mushrooms, average mushroom weight and yield. Although the highest yield was obtained from peat application (59.86 kg 100 kg-1 compost), it has been shown that spent mushroom substrate waste can be used in casing material mixtures in mushroom cultivation.

The present study aimed to determine the variation in calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), and potassium (K), which are crucial macronutrients for plants, in soil and plant organs at a copper mining site. In the study, the soil was sampled from various soil depths in the spoil field, the rehabilitation site in which planting was carried out and adult trees were present, and the forest area. Furthermore, bark, leaf, root, and wood samples were taken from black pine (Pinus nigra Arnold.), scots (Pinus silvestris L.), and black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.) species growing in the rehabilitation and forest areas. The work determined general variation in the concentrations of elements in soils and organs according to the plant species, and variation in element concentrations depending on the soil depth was statistically significant only in Ca. However, the determined element concentrations were quite high. In line with the average values, the variation in Mg in plants was not statistically significant, while the highest Ca and K concentrations were obtained from Robinia pseudoacacia species.