The research was conducted with the aim of determining the social and economic factors which are effective on the adoption of new technologies at dairy farms in the province of Konya. The data used in the research was obtained on a volunteer basis by questionnaire technique from 128 dairy farms determined with stratified sampling method that is one of random sampling method. 51.56% of enterprises investigated were high innovators and 48.44% of enterprises were low innovators. In conclusion, it was determined that the milk yield, enterprise income, education of enterpriser, family size, number of animals, existence of land, case of receiving services of consultancy and frequency of using mass media tools made positive contributions to adoption of innovations by enterprises in the research field. But the training level decreased as the age of enterpriser increased in the research field. This case retards the adoption process of innovations and deescalates the use of new technologies in the enterprises. The young farmers come to the forefront in the adoption and implementation of innovations.

In this study, the phenological characteristics of some apple varieties grown in the Kalecik district of Ankara province, the number of days between effective heat summation requirements, and phenological phases were determined. The research was conducted on Royal Gala, Granny Smith, Jersey Mac, Spur Golden and Red Chief apple varieties. The threshold temperature of +10°C was accepted as the temperature value for the determination of the heat summation requirements of the varieties. The effective heat summation above +10°C during the growing season of varieties was determined as 819.1-1986.3°C days in 2015 and 865.1-2031.2°C days in 2016. The number of days from full bloom to harvest was 85-75 days in 2015 and 132-219 days in 2016.

Rapid urbanization in developing countries involves unplanned migration, unemployment and poverty. The steady shrinking of rural areas and the use of agricultural land for other purposes are progressively increasing the pressure on natural resources. This development on the one hand increases the risk to food security, and on the other triggers climate change. The rural population who migrate to the cities or who are absorbed into urban areas continue their agricultural activities in the urban in order to provide themselves with an income or to maintain their food security. In the big cities of the developed world, contact with nature is kept by means of hobby gardens, recreational areas and urban and suburban plant and animal farming, and creative ideas such as roof gardens can be found. This development, known as urban agriculture, is practiced by 800 million people in the world. Urban agriculture has many economic, social and environmental benefits, but it may also have risks and adverse effects. In this study, the developments in this area in Turkey and the world are presented, and all aspects of its effects and outcomes are discussed.

Günümüzde insan ömrünün en az %80’i kapalı mekanlarda geçmekte ve bu kapalı mekanlardaki iç ortam hava kalitesi insanların sağlıklarını ve performanslarını doğrudan etkilemektedir. Özellikle CO2 miktarı belirli seviyelerin üzerine çıktığında baş ağrısı, baş dönmesi, yorgunluk, konsantrasyon bozuklukları, boğaz ve burun tahrişi, burun akıntısı, öksürük ve göz akıntıları gibi pek çok rahatsızlığa sebep olmaktadır. İç ortamdaki CO2 miktarını etkileyen en önemli faktör canlı metabolik faaliyetleridir. Solunumla artan CO2 miktarı fotosentezle azalmaktadır. Dolayısıyla iç mekanlarda bitkiler CO2 miktarını azaltmak amacıyla kullanılabilir. Ancak bitkilerin iç ortamdaki hava kalitesine etkisi konusunda yeterli bilgi bulunmadığından, bitkiler iç ortamdaki CO2 miktarını azaltmak konusunda etkin ve bilinçli bir şekilde kullanılamamaktadır. Bu çalışmada iç mekan süs bitkisi olarak en sık kullanılan bitkilerden birisi olan difenbahyanın (Dieffenbachia amoena Gentil) iç ortamdaki CO2 miktarına etkisinin sıcaklığa bağlı olarak değişiminin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Çalışma sonucunda difenbahyanın karanlık ortamda yaptığı solunumun sıcaklığa bağlı olarak önemsiz düzeyde olduğu belirlenmiştir. Ancak ışık bulunan ortamda en yüksek etkiyi 23-24℃ sıcaklıklarda gösterdiği, 30°C sıcaklıktaki fotosentez hızının, 20°C dekinden düşük ancak 15°C dekinden daha yüksek olduğu belirlenmiştir.

Antibiotic resistance is being constantly developed worldwide. Coagulase Negative Staphylococci (CNS) and Staphylococcus aureus are common causes of bovine subclinical mastitis. Bioactive compound of medicinal plants shows anti-microbial, anti-mutagenic and anti-oxidant effects. The anti-bacterial and anti-oxidant activities of Liquidambar orientalis (L. orientalis) extracts on subclinical mastitis causing bacteria in cows have not been reported to date. The aim of the present study was to examine anti-bacterial and anti-oxidant effects of L. orientalis leaf extracts on S. aureus and CNS isolated from cows with subclinical mastitis symptoms. In this study, 3.2 mg/mL minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of ethanol extracts of L. orientalis has shown to be a most potent anti-bacterial and anti-oxidant for all isolated bacterial species from mastitis cows. In this study, it was investigated anti-bacterial and anti-oxidant potentials of acetone, methanol and ethanol extracts of the L. orientalis. The acetone extract showed maximum inhibition zone against S. aureus numbered 17 (12 mm). In addition to anti-bacterial properties, anti-oxidant activity of L. orientalis extract was examined by ABTS [2,2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid)] free radical assay. Trolox was used as a positive control anti-oxidant. Ethanol extract exhibited a strong anti-oxidant activity like Trolox anti-oxidant which was effective at 2.58 mM concentration. Bioactive compounds of sweet gum may be useful to screening mastitis causing bacteria for clinical applications.

Çukurova Üniversitesi, Ziraat Fakültesi, Bahçe Bitkileri Bölümünde yürütülen bu çalışmada 20 trabzon hurması çeşit ve tiplerinde morfolojik ve moleküler karakterizasyon yapılmıştır. Çalışmada morfolojik karakterizasyon için ağaçlarının gelişme durumu, büyüme şekli, dal yapıları ile yaprak, meyve ve tohum özellikleri incelenmiştir. Morfolojik karakterizasyon sonucu elde edilen verilerde, trabzon hurması çeşit ve tiplerinden oluşan popülasyon içindeki benzerlik katsayısı, temel bileşenler analizi (TBA) ve kümeleme analizi yapılarak morfolojik dendrogram oluşturulmuştur. TBA analizi sonucunda ilk üç temel faktör grubunun popülasyon varyansının %55,11’ini tanımladığı saptanmıştır. Çeşit ve genotiplerden oluşan 20 birey içerisindeki benzerlik indeksi morfolojik özellikler bakımından %6,01 ile %67,47 arasında değişim göstermiştir. Yapılan rastgele çoğaltılmış polimorfik DNA (RAPD) analizlerine göre, çalışmada kullanılan genotipler arasındaki genetik polimorfizmin yüksek olduğu saptanmıştır. Belirtilen bu polimorfizme rağmen, bazı genotiplerin yakın genetik ilişkide olduğu da tespit edilmiştir. ‘Hana Fuyu’ (Fr) ve ‘Hachiya’ (Fr) genotipleri arasında RAPD sonuçlarına göre %82 oranında benzerlik tespit edilmiştir. ‘Fuji’ genotipinin ise belirtilen bu genotiplerle genetik benzerliğinin yaklaşık olarak %80 civarında olduğu belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca ‘Kaki Tipo’ (Fr), 07 TH 05, 07 TH 06 ve 33 TH 01 genotiplerinin aynı grup içerisinde kümelendiği ve benzerlik oranlarının %65’in üzerinde olduğu tespit edilmiştir.

There are small number of tables that show digestibility and energy contents of compound feeds produced by feed factory in different regions of Turkey. Thus, in this paper, four different compound feed types (dairy cattle, beef cattle, calf and lamb growing feeds), totalling 78 compound feeds were analysed to determine their feeding value, dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM) digestibility and energy content (digestible energy (DE), metabolisable energy (ME) and net energy for lactation (NEL). As a result of this study, the crude fiber (CF) levels were higher than standard values in calf and lamb compound feeds and beef cattle compound feeds; however, in the dairy cattle and calf and lamb compound feeds, the crude protein (CP) values were lower than standard values. These findings are considered highly important for the region’s animal feeding. According to our results, the compound feeds for dairy cattle and lamb being used for ruminant nutrition in Diyarbakir Province of Turkey were found to have low nutrient qualities; however, in the calf feed both the metabolisable energy level and nutrient quantities were low.

In this study 384 Turkish originated oat genotypes obtained from different gene banks, were characterized and evaluated for agronomical traits with four commercial cultivars (Checota, Sebat, Faikbey and Seydişehir) under augmented experiment design for 2012-2013 and 2013-2014 cropping years. Oat landraces were evaluated for stem diameter (SD), plant height (PH), panicle length (PL), vegetative period (VP), grain filling period (GFP), days to maturity (DM), grain number per panicle (GNP), grain weight per panicle (GWP), thousand kernel weight (TKW), lodging (LOD), barley yellow dwarf virus (BYDV) and single row yield (SRY) under Kahramanmaraş conditions. According to the results of field trail for two years, differences of genotypes were significant for SD, PH, PL, VP, DM, TKW and SRY. However, the components such as SD, PL, VP, GFP, DM, GNP, GWP, TKW and SRY were significantly changed for the years and year x genotype interactions were also significant for PL, VP, DM, TKW and SRY. The landraces performed better than the commercial ones for the most of the evaluated traits. The SRW ranged between 4.65 g (TL444) to 202.1 g (TL614). Moreover, the other genotypes with the higher SRY were TL708, TL714, TL734 and TL703 genotypes with 167.85, 160.25, 153.90 and 149.7 g SRY, respectively.

This research was completed in 2014, in an attempt to determine the problems and solutions of the irrigation unions and their members who operate in the city of Hatay. The research involves 6 out of 8 irrigation unions located in Hatay. The data was gathered by face to face surveys conducted with 6 union managers and 173 union members. Logistics Regression analysis, which is a multivariate analysis technic was used in the analysis of the variables. It was concluded that 65% of the producers are satisfied, and 35% of them are unsatisfied with the irrigation union. The estimate parameters revealed that the irrigation price at low and normal level were the most effective variables. In accordance with the data, evaluated for the managerial staff in the permanent status, showed that the lack of the efficient and subject expert personnel is one of the most important issues directly interfering with the provided service. The delays occurring in the collection of the price of the irrigation water disrupts the maintenance services needed while operating the facilities. The unions need public assistance to cover the personnel expenses, large maintenance processes, and development of the facilities.

Public spaces are among the spaces requiring the most importance for the design in the evaluation of outdoor spaces. Public spaces are the common areas used by people of all ages, genders, and jobs. The key feature of the environmental design made in these areas is its requirement to be at the level of meeting the needs of people from all strata. Since there is not the main method for the evaluation of environmental planning of public institutions and organizations in the current literature and these areas strongly affect the texture of the city, a questionnaire study was conducted in our study with people using the courthouse and courthouse personnel to reveal the standards, criteria and the needs of users in public institutions. According to the results of the questionnaire, solution suggestions were made by revealing the positive and negative sides of landscape designs of the courthouse.