Dams are important sources particularly for energy production as well as drinking and irrigation water. In this study, dissolved metal concentrations in Değirmendere Dam water in Amasya province were determined by ICP-MS and the data were evaluated in terms of drinking/irrigation water. Mean value of each metal in samples collected from 5 different points of the reservoir is presented in µg L as follows; Ca (50943)> Mg (42212)> Na (31637)> K (3725)> Al (63.68)> Fe (43.30)> Zn (30.78)> Cu (5.79)> Mn (4.59)> Ni (2.97)> Cr (1.18)> Pb (1.14)> As (1.04)> Cd (0.69). These results did not exceed the drinking water limit values recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO) and Turkish Standards (TS 266). Water quality index (WQI), heavy metal pollution index (HPI) and heavy metal evaluation index (HEI) values were calculated as 16.63-17.54-1.00, respectively. In terms of hazard quotient (HQ), hazard index (HI) and cancer risk (CR), the water quality of the reservoir is not potentially dangerous for adults/children. Dam water is convenient for irrigation based on sodium absorption rate (SAR = 0.78) and sodium percentage (Na = 19.56%). However, magnesium hazard (MH = 57.70) value is above the limit value of 50 with reference to irrigation water.

Tobaccos produced in Turkey are grouped under different names according to the different environmental properties and various characteristics of the regions where they were grown. Lice tobacco is an important local tobacco variety cultivated under Lice-Hazro and Kulp districts conditions. In recent years, a large number of tobacco origin and village populations disappeared from production and faced the danger of extinction. Especially the Lice local tobacco variety has gained a very good adaptation ability against the stress factors of the region. Different environmental factors such as high altitude, stony areas and high temperature, low rainfall and low nitrogen soils have determined the important quality characteristics that distinguish Lice tobacco from other tobacco types. The short plant height and reverse conical plant shape in Lice Tobacco produced in Lice District and around of Diyarbakır draws attention firstly. In Lice tobacco, the number of leaves per plant is 15-17 pieces / plant, the ratio of the length of the leaves to the width (38 cm / 23 cm), the elliptical leaf blade, dark green leaves and plant color, early flowering, the petal color is pinkish red. It is a local variety with high cigarette yield, low nicotine ratio (1-2%), protein nitrogen ratio 1%, total reducing substance ratio 15%, and the highest alkaloid ratio. In this study, the plant and quality characteristics of the local Lice tobacco variety, which has a high degree of genetic diversity, were investigated in farmer conditions and the differences with other Eastern and Southeastern Anatolian tobacco varieties were tried to be revealed.

Bu çalışma yumurtacı tavuk rasyonlarına farklı seviyelerde kaplamalı sodyum bütirat ilavesinin performans, yumurta kalitesi ve bazı kan parametreleri üzerine etkisini belirlemek amacıyla yürütülmüştür. Çalışmada, 60 haftalık yaşta, toplam 72 adet yumurta tavuğu, 56 gün süreyle, kontrol ve sodyum bütiratın farklı seviyelerinin ilavesiyle (300, 600 ve 1200 mg/kg) oluşturulan rasyonlarla beslenmişlerdir. Çalışma 6 tekerrürlü olarak, 4 muamele grubunda yürütülmüştür. Deneme sonucunda muamele gruplarının, canlı ağırlık değişimi, yumurta verimi, yem tüketimi, yem değerlendirme katsayısı, yumurta ağırlığı ve yumurta kitlesi üzerine etkisi önemsiz olmuştur. Yumurta tavuğu rasyonlarına sodyum bütirat ilavesi, yumurta kabuk kırılma direnci, yumurta kabuk oranı ve kabuk kalınlığı, yumurta şekil indeksi, ak ve sarı indeksi, hasarlı yumurta oranı ile L*, a* ve b* yumurta sarısı renk kriterleri üzerine etkisi önemsiz olmuştur. Serum parametrelerinden kolesterol, HDL, albümin, Ca ve P düzeyleri bakımından muamele grupları arasında önemli bir fark olmaz iken serum globulin, total protein ve ürik asit seviyeleri bakımından görülen farklılıklar önemli olmuştur. Deneme sonuçlarına göre, 60 haftalık yaştaki yumurta tavuklarında performans ve yumurta kalitesinin iyileştirilmesinde rasyona sodyum bütiratın ilavesine gerek olmadığı sonucuna varılmıştır.

Marinated anchovies produced in a fish processing plant in Samsun province (with 3% garlic and 3% hot pepper sauce) were filled in plastic jars and vacuum packed. Physical, chemical and microbiological analyses of the samples were performed to determine the effects of garlic and hot pepper sauce on the shelf life of marinated anchovies. Total viable bacteria count (TVB), lactic acid bacteria count (LAB), Enterobacteriaceae count, biogenic amines (histamine, tyramine, cadaverine, putrescine, tryptamine), pH, total volatile basic nitrogen (TVB-N), thiobarbituric acid (TBA) analysis were performed during 7 months of storage at 4°C. Comparing the control group with garlic added and hot pepper sauce added samples, garlic addition reduced the microbial growth and provided that the samples retained their physicochemical properties (TBA, TVB-N) for a longer period time. The amounts of biogenic amines were determined less in garlic added samples.

Peafowl is a common name of three species of the Phasianidae family. It is known as a sacred bird in many Asian countries and India that is the homeland of the peafowl. They live in groups and prefer cultivated areas and forests where they can find more food in nature. They feed on cereal grains, insects, fruits, leaves, seeds. It has a strong structure and adapts very well to different climates. Because of this feature can be produced anywhere in the world. There are commonly known three different types of peafowl. Blue (Indian) Peafowl (Pavo cristatus), Green Peafowl (Pavo muticus) and Congo Peafowl (Afropavo congoensis). The most recognizable species of them is the Indian Peafowl. Peafowl has always been the center of attention with its striking, bright and eye-catching colors on its body and long tail, and it is natural wonders. Therefore, they are especially indispensable members of zoos and ornamental gardens. Although peafowl are usually produced for their beautiful appearance, their meat is also very tasty and beneficial. This article is prepared to give brief information about peafowl.

To be about 65% of Turkey's population under 40 years of age requires to increase employment opportunities for young people and them to be sustainable. Young people are moving away from agriculture due to lack of income, life difficulties in the villages and limited social facilities, fragmentation of the lands or too little, and lack of alternative employment opportunities in the countryside. Youths away from agriculture; it causes problems such as aging and decreasing of rural population. For these reasons, it is necessary to determine the tendency of the young people to stay in agriculture, the factors causing them to stay in agriculture or to leave. The aim of this study is to determine the tendency of the young people between the ages of 18-40 who have benefited from the Young Farmer Grant Support in Gaziantep and Şanlıurfa provinces to stay in agriculture and migrate from rural to urban areas. The stratified sampling method was used in the sample selection. In the selected provinces, 72 farmers who benefited from grant support were interviewed and the data were collected through surveys. The data on the socio-demographic characteristics of the enterprises are presented with various descriptive statistics. According to the results of the study, 88.9% of young farmers stated that they would continue agricultural production. 39% of young farmers tend to migrate from rural to urban areas. One of the most important factors in ensuring sustainability in agriculture is the creation of an entrepreneurial young audience. For this reason, policies need to be developed by decision-makers to encourage youth to stay in agriculture.

KOP region covers Aksaray, Karaman, Konya, Niğde Nevşehir, Yozgat, Kırıkkale and Kırşehir provinces. KOP region has an area of 95,580 km² about 12,3%, with 4.515.046 population about 5,4% and 12,3% of agricultural lands of Turkey. KOP Region has 13.1 % grassland and 9,4% of the area of forage crops cultivation and in terms of production forage crops 15,8% of Turkey. KOP region has also 2.150.920 head of cattle (11,8% of the Turkey), and whit 5.431.031 head of small ruminant (%10,9 of the Turkey). 3.032.086 tons of milk is produced in the KOP region (13,2% of the Turkey). It is produced in the KOP region that 11,9% of Turkey's total red meat production. Livestock and forage crops production has an important place in 8 provinces of the KOP region. In this study, the current situation of livestock, pasture and forage crops cultivation in KOP provinces were evaluated and its effects on regional and country development were examined. Since there are 1.608.530 tons of forage deficit in the KOP region, the production of forage should be increased. In order to increase animal production in the region by the KOP Administration, efforts towards expanding modern techniques and improving livestock infrastructure should continue and animal husbandry activities should continue to be supported with new projects.

The research was carried out in a 3-floor cage system in the research farm of Tokat Gaziosmanpasa University. 6 chickens were placed in each cage compartment and 5 repetitions were created on each floor. Existing eggs were collected at 9:00 - 13:00 and 16:00 from a total of 90 Atak-S chickens between 24-42 weeks. A total of 1442 eggs were obtained from 90 chickens. To determine the relationship between cage position and laying time, correspondence analysis was applied. SPSS package program was used to analyze the data. According to the results, it was found statistically significant that chickens on different floors lay eggs at different times. According to the results of the correspondence analysis, the first dimension explanation power was 99.7% and the explanation power in the second dimension was 0.3%. When the inertia in terms of lattice layers in the first dimension was examined, it was determined that the explanation power of the first floor was 65.4%, and in the second dimension, the explanation power of the second (56.9%) and third floor (41.8%) was higher. When the variability in terms of egg collection hours in the first dimension was examined, it was determined that the explanatory power for egg collection at 13:00 was 52.8%, and in the second dimension, it was 79.6% for the egg collection at 16:00. As a result, it was determined that the chickens on the first floor lay eggs between 9:00 am and the chickens on the 2nd and 3rd floor between 13:00 and 16:00. Although the eggs vary depending on the ambient temperature, it is known that they are usually collected in the morning hours by the producers. Therefore, it is important to rearrange the frequency of egg collection both economically and in terms of consumer health.

Günümüz dünyasında küresel ısınmanın etkileri görülmeye başlamıştır. Küresel ısınma dünyayı olduğu gibi Türkiye’yi de etkilemektedir. Türkiye’de bölgesel olarak çok çeşitli olarak görülen iklimsel elemanlar illere göre de farklılıklar içermektedir. Bu çalışmada bu tür iklimsel değişiklerin illere göre değerlendirilmesini teminen Ankara, Rize, Aydın, Hakkâri illeri için yağışlarla ilgili olarak 10, 15 ve 20 ve 48 yıllık geleceğe yönelik projeksiyonlar yapılmıştır. İller değişik bölgelerden seçilerek bölgesel farklılıkların da durum değerlendirilmesine konu olması hedeflenmiştir. Analiz sonuçlarına göre ise 1971 ile 2018 yılları arası Ankara ilinde yıllık ortalama yağış 408,59 mm olurken, Rize’de 2262,76 mm, Aydın 634,33 mm ve Hakkâri ili yıllık yağış ortalaması ise 746,93 mm olarak gerçekleşmiştir. 2019-2066 yılları arası için yapılan projeksiyonlarda gerçekleşen verilerle karşılaştırıldığında küresel ısınmaya paralel olarak ortalama yıllık yağışlarda hemen hemen her ilde değişikliklerin olduğu görülmektedir. Ancak bu değişiklikler yağış miktarlarında aşırı değişiklikler anlamına gelmemektedir. Bu manada küresel ısınmanın etkisi yağış miktarlarındaki aşırı artışlar olarak değil, yağışların düzensiz ve baskın şeklinde olması şeklinde görülmektedir. Küresel ısınmanın yol açtığı bu düzensiz ve baskın yağışlar neticesinde tarımsal faaliyetler zarar göreceğinden dolayı gıda güvenliğinin sağlanmasının gerekliliği açısından tedbir alınması konusuna ışık tutması yönüyle bu çalışma önem arz etmektedir.

In this study, we examined how the new type of coronavirus (COVID-19), which originated in Vuhan, China, affected the whole world in a short time, affected individuals ‘ recreational activities and how much these activities changed after the normalization process. After the first case was announced in our country on March 10, 2020, many measures were taken, and within the scope of these measures, bans and partial bans occurred. The coronavirus, which has been declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization and has become a deadly virus all over the world, has also directly affected the recreational activities of people. The study, the longing of individuals to green areas during this epidemic period was evaluated by comparing the conditions before and after the normalization process of recreational activities. In addition, the findings obtained in accordance with the survey conducted in the study indicate that the new coronavirus affects both the recreational activities and psychological conditions of people.