The aim of this study was to determine the main spermatological properties in Carasobarbus luteus (H., 1843) and Carassius carassius (L., 1758) in Atatürk Dam Lake. Sperm was collected by abdominal massage from thirty C. luteus and twenty C. carassius. Milt volume (ml), spermatozoa motility (%), motility duration (s), spermatozoa concentration (x109/ml) and pH in C. luteus and C. carassius were 0.72±0.08 ml and 1.03±0.20 ml, %57.67±3.67 and % 81.00±1.43, 190.30±11.25 s and 107.30±12.03 s, 13.15±1.33 and 10.53±1.28x109/ml, 8.13±0.11 and 7.60±0.04, respectively. The spermatozoa motility, motility duration, spermatozoa concentration and pH was found significant compared with fish species group.

Concentrations and profile of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs) and metals (Cd, Pb, Ni, Cr, Fe and Mn) were determined in selected brands of canned maize in the Nigeria market with a view to providing information on the hazards associated with the consumption of these products. The measurement of the concentrations of PAHs was carried out by using a gas chromatography equipped with flame ionization detector (GC-FID) after extraction by ultra-sonication with acetone/dichloromethane and clean-up. The 16 PAH concentrations varied between 45.1 and 335.7 µg/kg. The concentrations of the indicators for occurrence and effects of PAHs in food varied from 3.6 to 114.5 µg/kg for BaP, 6.4 to 168.2 µg/kg for PAH2, 11.8 to 232.7 µg/kg for PAH4 and 19.4 to 327.3 µg/kg for PAH8. The concentrations of metals were determined by using atomic absorption spectrometry after acid digestion. The concentrations of metals in these samples ranged from

A small scale pilot biodiesel production plant that has a volume of 65 liters/day has been designed, constructed and tested. The plant was performed using oil mixture (50% wild mustard seed oil + 50% refined canola oil) and methanol with sodium hydroxide (NaOH) catalyst. The fuel properties of biodiesel indicated as density at 15oC (889.64 kg/m3), kinematic viscosity at 40oC (6.975 mm2/s), flash point (170oC), copper strip corrosion (1a), water content (499.87 mg/kg), and calorific value (39.555 MJ/kg), respectively.

In this study, it was aimed to determine reproduction biology of Capoeta trutta (Heckel, 1843) obtained from Ağın and Örencik region of Keban Dam Lake. For this purpose, fish samples were monthly collected during a year and their sexes were determined. The maturation age for female Capoeta trutta caught from Ağın region was determined as 2 while it was 3 for females from Örencik regions. Maturation age was found to be 2 for male C. trutta for all regions. The Gonadosomatic Index Value (GSI) reached to the highest in May for both sexes and reproduction period for the fish was estimated between May and June.

Mastitis is an important disease which causes economic losses in the water buffalo breeding. According to severity, duration and primary, mastitis is generally classified as clinical and subclinical. Because of contamination from other animals in the herd, subclinical mastitis is a important dairy herd problem. However, clinical mastitis is a clinical case created by deformation of udder gland and decreasing milk yield. Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Streptococcus agalactia and Streptococcus dysgalactia are in clinical mastitis, but Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas, Streptococcus agalactia and Streptococcus dysgalactia are the most common isolated microorganisms in subclinical mastitis. Due to mastitis caused by these microorganisms in Water Buffalo, abnormality in the structure of milk are observed, and it causes economic losses to farmers from reduced production. Therefore, the detection of effective factors on mastitis and taking of the necessary precautions are very important. In this review, mastitis case in water Buffalo and its effects were discussed.

The aim of this study was to determine the main spermatological properties in Carasobarbus luteus (H., 1843) and Carassius carassius (L., 1758) in Atatürk Dam Lake. Sperm was collected by abdominal massage from thirty C. luteus and twenty C. carassius. Milt volume (ml), spermatozoa motility (%), motility duration (s), spermatozoa concentration (x109/ml) and pH in C. luteus and C. carassius were 0.72±0.08 ml and 1.03±0.20 ml, %57.67±3.67 and % 81.00±1.43, 190.30±11.25 s and 107.30±12.03 s, 13.15±1.33 and 10.53±1.28x109/ml, 8.13±0.11 and 7.60±0.04, respectively. The spermatozoa motility, motility duration, spermatozoa concentration and pH was found significant compared with fish species group.

This paper focuses mainly on both impacts of the climate change on agriculture and food security, and multidisciplinary scientific assessment and recommendations for sustainable agro ecological solutions including traditional knowledge responding to these impacts. The climate change will very likely affect four key dimensions of the food security including availability, accessibility, utilization and sustainability of the food, due to close linkage between food and water security and climate change. In one of the most comprehensive model studies simulating impacts of global climate change on agriculture to date, it was estimated that by 2080, in a business-as-usual scenario, climate change will reduce the potential output of global agriculture by more than 3.2 per cent. Furthermore, developing countries will suffer the most with a potential 9.1 per cent decline in agricultural output, for example with a considerable decrease of 16.6 per cent in Africa. Some comprehensive studies pointed out also that all regions may experience significant decreases in crop yields as well as significant increases, depending on emission scenarios and the assumptions on effectiveness of carbon dioxide (CO2) fertilization. One of the tools that would ensure the food security by making use of local sources and traditional knowledge is agroecology. Agroecology would contribute to mitigation of the anthropogenic climate change and cooling down the Earth’s increasing surface and lower atmospheric air temperatures, because it is mainly labour-intensive and requires little uses of fossil fuels, energy and artificial fertilisers. It is also necessary to understand the ecological mechanisms underlying sustainability of traditional farming systems, and to translate them into ecological principles that make locally available and appropriate approaches and techniques applicable to a large number of farmers.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of choice feeding based on threonine on performance characteristics and carcass parameters of male broiler chicks. Day old, thirty Ross 308 male chicks were divided into two dietary treatment groups. In the experiment, choice feding did not affect on body weight gain, feed conversion ratio. Feed intake and carcass parameters significantly affected by experimental treatments.

Leg problems have caused significant economic losses in poultry sector. Bone quality and strong is related to nutrition. In this review, effects of nutrition on bone strength are given to laying hens and broilers. For this, effects of some minerals and feed additives on bone quality were reviewed. Calcium, phosphorus, boron and some feed additives in feeding of hens and broilers are important to strong bone. In addition, the form of calcium resources must be considered in laying hens.

Vaccinium arctostaphylos L. and Vaccinium myrtillus L. which are found naturally in most part of Blacksea Region, and Artvin are generally called bear grape, Trabzon tea, and likapa. In addition, different varieties of blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L.) have been cultivated in Artvin region for 5 or 6 years. Blueberries contain appreciable levels of phenolic compounds, including anthocyanins and flavonols that have high biological activity. V. arctostaphylos and V. myrtillus show that natural distrubition with received V. corymbosum of different cultured species in Artvin region will be determined antioxidant activity in this study. In this study showed that wild species had a higher antioxidant effect than cultivated species. V. myrtillus had high total polyphenols (11.539-20.742 mg GAE/g dry sample), flavonoids (1.182-2.676 mg QE/g dry sample) and anthocyanins (3.305-11.473 mg Cyn/g dry sample) than V. corymbosum species. In addition, wild species had high CUPRAC, FRAP and DPPH values. The antioxidant activities found with CUPRAC, expressed as trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity ranged from 0.143 to 0.297 mmol TEAC/g dry sample. Those determined with DPPH expressed as IC50 ranged from 0.229 to 1.178 mg/ml. Those determined with FRAP expressed as FeSO4.7H2O equivalent were in 130.719–346.115 µmol Fe/g dry sample range.