This research was conducted with durum wheat variety (Alatay) at farmer conditions in Bozova district of Şanlıurfa province in 2018-19 and 2019-20 growing season according to a randomized complete block design with three replications. This study was conducted to determine the effect of dividing the top fertilizer in different development periods of wheat on grain yield and some yield factors (plant height, spike length, number of grains per spike, grain weight per spike) in order to struggle the drought experienced due to global warming in the world and in our country. According to the research results, it was determined that grain yield, plant height, spike length, number of grains per spike, weight of grains per spike ranged from 347.50-648.33 kg/da, 78.16-98.33 cm, 6.28-6.91 cm, 32.00 number/spike and 64.16 number/spike 2.47 gr/spike and 2.77 gr/spike respectively. The aim of the experiment is to determine how the top-dressing is divided and how the plant benefits from the moisture and nitrogen fertilizer in the soil and how it affects the grain yield and yield components of the plant.

This study was carried out to determine the growth and reproductive performance of Karayaka sheep in Amasya province within the scope of National Animal Breeding Project. Data were collected from 17529 Karayaka lambs of 20120 Karayaka sheep which were born during 2012 to 2015 birth season. In this study, the live weights, survival rates of the lambs in various periods and reproductive traits of Karayaka ewes were investigated. In this study, the live weights, daily live weight gain, survival rates (90th day) and reproductive traits of Karayaka ewes were investigated. The averages of reproductive traits of Karayaka sheep such as infertility, fertility, twins, fecundity, litter size and survival rate were 13.8%, 86.2%, 7.20%, 0.867, 1.01 and 89.0% respectively. The effects of year, sex and type of birth on the birth weights and the live weights of 90 days (weaning) of Karayaka lambs were found to be significant. Daily live weight gain was affected only by year and sex.

Food security is one of the major global challenges of the twenty-first century. World population is expected to increase by one-third, between 2009 and 2050, and in Asia, crop yield is estimated to decline by 5 to 30% from 2050 onwards compared to 1990. It is high time to seek alternatives that can increase production utilizing existing resources ensuring food security. A home garden can be a viable and sustainable alternative in this regard; nevertheless, it is often neglected. Thus, this study aims to understand the role of the home garden in maintaining household food security and enhancing rural women’s status in Nepal. Two villages of Bishnupur rural municipality, namely, Bajitpur and Musharniya were selected as study sites. 78.6% of households in Bajitpur and 68.4% households in Musharniya were found to have a home garden where crops and livestock were organized in an integrated way. The home garden was found to maintain household food security, ensure food availability for most of the seasons, access of household members to food, its utilization, and stability in production. Furthermore, 66.67% and 58.33% of women sold surplus home garden products in Bajitpur and Musharniya respectively. This signifies the role of home gardening activities in uplifting the social and economic status and, farming knowledge of rural women in both villages. However, there is a lack of extension facilities and subsidies for the home garden to encourage farmers. Therefore, different models of home gardens should be developed and disseminated, prioritizing the integration of the scientific farming system with traditional knowledge for sustainable adoption of the home garden in Nepal.

Tarhana is a traditional food produced by different traditional methods and the materials used in production are changing from a region to another region. The total yeast and molds, total mesophilic aerobic bacteria, Escherichia Coli and enterococci bacteria count of wet dough Kastamonu tarhana and dry powdered tarhana samples were investigated in this study. All microorganisms examined in our study were detected in one of the wet dough tarhana samples. The highest total yeast and molds, total mesophilic aerobic bacteria, Escherichia coli and enterococci bacteria counts were determined for the wet dough tarhana samples to be 2.2×106, 6.6×107, 1.2×106 and 1.9×106 cfu/g, respectively. No growth of microorganism capable of reproduction was observed in the powdered tarhana produced industrially. In addition, the Escherichia coli and enterococci bacteria were not detected for any of the dry powder tarhana samples. It was seen that the microbial load of the wet tarhana produced at home in Kastamonu was higher than the powdered tarhana. The reason for this situation was thought to be due to poor production and hygiene conditions. The presence of Escherichia coli and enterococci bacteria in samples indicates that there is possible fecal contamination of the raw materials used in wet dough tarhana production. Electron microscope images of molds obtained in our study are similar to molds producing mycotoxins. These results show that the wet dough tarhana have a greater risk for microorganism development and human health compared to dry powder tarhana.

This study was aimed to evaluate DNA fragmentation by using Comet assay in naturally infected sheep with Anaplasmosis before and after treatment with the Comet method, which shows DNA damage specifically. In the study, blood samples were collected from 10 Anaplosmosis infected and 10 healthy sheep. The anaplosmosis was diagnosed by clinical signs and symptoms. The infection was confirmed by Giemsa staining. The blood was collected from control group and infected group before and after the treatment, from the vena jugularis with the appropriate method. The DNA fragmentation was checked by using the Comet assay of blood cells. The data were analysed throught ANNOVA one-way. The result showed higher DNA fragmentation in sick animals diagnosed with anaplasmosis; tail length and tail moment values were found to be statistically significantly higher than the control group. When the data obtained after imidocarb (IMD) application were compared with obtained during the disease, a decreased DNA damage and tail moment was determined, however, these values higher than control. In this study, DNA damage and the extent of this damage were investigated by the Comet assay method using a healthy control group before and after treatment in animals with Anaplasmosis. When the findings obtained from the study were evaluated, it was seen that Anaplasma agents caused DNA damage and with the imidocarb application given for treatment, DNA damage was reduced and results close to healthy individuals were obtained.

Türkiye, bulunduğu coğrafik konumu ve arazi yapısından dolayı oldukça zengin doğal bitki çeşitliliğine sahiptir. Bu çalışmada doğal olarak yayılış gösteren Fabaceae familyasına ait endemik Astragalus vulnerariae DC. taksonunun yarı kontrollü serada ilkbahar ve sonbahar dönemlerinde çelikle üretimi yapılarak peyzaj çalışmalarında kullanım alanları belirlenmiştir. Bitki çelikleri köklendirilirken; kontrol grubu, 5.000 ppm ve 10.000 ppm’lik IBA konsantrasyonlarıyla üç uygulama yapılmıştır. Köklenme sonrası elde edilen verilere göre uygulamalar arasında istatistiki olarak anlamlı bir fark elde edilmiştir. A. vulnerariae çeliklerinde en iyi köklenme, ilkbahar döneminde, %60 oranında 5.000 ppm’lik IBA hormon uygulamasında görülmüştür. Hem estetik hem de fonksiyonel özellikleri ile dikkat çeken A. vulnerariae taksonunun peyzaj çalışmalarında, yer örtücü olarak kullanımı başta olmak üzere, kaya bahçeleri, çatı ve teras bahçeleri ve peyzaj onarım çalışmalarında kullanılabileceği belirlenmiştir.

Dietary fibers have positive effects on the product structure thanks to their technological features. The aim of this study is to determine the effect of dietary fibers obtained from purple and orange sweet potato varieties on heat-treated sucuks. For this purpose, dietary fibers were produced from sweet potato varieties and their characterizations were determined. Then, sweet potato fibers were added to the sucuks in the amount included in their formulation and the effects of dietary fiber change were examined in terms of physicochemical, bioactive, textural and sensory. In this context, it was determined that the color change in sweet potatoes affected the color properties of the dietary fibers obtained. In addition, it was observed that the hardness value was the highest (1715.35 g) in sucuks to which orange sweet potato starch, which has high oil and water binding values, and the sweet potato fibers changed the product properties compared to the control group. Total phenolic content of sucuks was determined in the range of 60.57-130.45 mg/ml gallic acid and it was determined that sweet potato fibers increased the phenolic content. As a result of the study, it was determined that sweet potato dietary fibers are an alternative additive for sucuks.

In the study, it was aimed to reveal the morphological, morphometric and histological characteristics of sinus interdigitalis found in the fore and hind feet of Konya merino sheep. For this purpose, the fore and hind feet of 10 Konya merino sheep, weighing between 44-79 kg, were used. Sinus interdigitalis were dissected out from the feet, and after morphometric measurements were made, morphological examinations were performed and photographed. The shape of the sinus interdigitalis, present in all the forefeet and hind feet, resembled a pipe consisting of neck and body. It was determined that the neck part was longer than the body at all feet. The inner surface of the gland was covered with hair, and there was more hair on the neck than on the body. The weight of the gland, body length and diameter, flexura, canal length and diameter were measured morphometrically. In the measurements made, it was determined that all the values of the forefeet were higher than the hind feet. In histological examination, it was found that the wall of the sinus interdigitalis consists of three layers: epidermis, dermis and fibrous capsule, and in the dermis, hair follicles, sebaceous glands, m. arrector pili and sweat glands were found.

Heavy metal toxicity can either be acute or chronic effects. Long-term exposure of the body to heavy metal can progressively lead to muscular, physical and neurological degenerative process. In this research, a total of 30 representative chocolate samples were collected from local shops and markets in Lahore. All the samples were analysed to assess the levels of Lead (Pb), Nickel (Ni), Chromium (Cr) and Cadmium (Cd) by using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer in Pakistan Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (PCSIR), Lahore. It was observed that the majority of chocolate samples contain heavy metals levels higher than the permissible limits as recommended by Punjab Food Rules (PFR) 2011. The levels of Pb ranged between 0.375 and 3.4 mg/kg with 90% samples having concentrations exceeding PFR allowable limit (0.5 mg/kg). Whereas, Ni concentrations varied from 0.005 to 0.28 mg/kg and 80% samples were above the PFR limit (0.025 mg/kg). Further, Cr levels analysed between 0.005 to 0.28 mg/kg and 53% samples had Cr concentrations higher than PFR limit (0.02 mg/kg). Similarly, Cd levels were observed between 0.50-3.25 mg/kg with 53% samples having Cd concentrations exceeding the PFR limit (1.0 mg/kg). Investigation indicates that the quality of available chocolates is not recommendable for eating because of the higher concentrations of toxic heavy metals.

Son yıllarda keçi sütü ile üretilen ürünlere talep artmaktadır. Buna karşın, keçi sütünün inek sütüne kıyasla bileşen ve lezzet farklılıkları keçi sütü ile üretilen ürünlerin özelliklerinde önemli farklılıklara sebep olabilmekte ve ürünün kabul edilebilirliğini etkilemektedir. Bu çalışmada, keçi sütü ile üretilen kefirin antioksidan kapasitesinin, reolojik ve duyusal özelliklerinin inek sütüyle üretilen kefirin, söz konusu özellikleriyle kıyaslanması amaçlanmıştır. Bu çerçevede, inek sütü, keçi sütü ve 1:1 oranında inek ve keçi sütlerinin karışımıyla kefir üretilmiş, fiziko-kimyasal, reolojik ve duyusal analizleri gerçekleştirilmiştir. Bütün kefir örneklerinin reolojik özelliklerinin psödoplastik davranış gösterdiği ve üssel modele uygun olduğu belirlenmiştir. Keçi sütü ile üretilen kefir örneğinin ise görünür viskozite değerleri inek sütü ile üretilen kefirlere kıyasla düşük bulunmuştur. Keçi sütü kefirinin toplam antioksidan kapasitesinin de inek sütü kefirine kıyasla daha yüksek, renkte a ve b değerlerinin ise daha düşük olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Buna karşın, keçi sütü kefirinde, panelistler tarafından daha düşük kıvam ve kefir lezzeti algılanarak tüm izlenim açısından da daha düşük puanlar almıştır. Keçi sütüne %50 oranında inek sütü ilavesi ise, keçi sütünün yarattığı bu durumu etkilemiş ve duyusal özellikleri tamamıyla inek sütü kefirinin duyusal özelliklerine benzerlik göstermiştir. Dolayısıyla, inek sütü karışımı olumlu sonuçlar vermekle birlikte, sadece keçi sütünden kefir üretiminde daha iyi kıvam ve lezzet eldesi için daha ileri çalışmaların yapılması gerektiği sonucuna varılmıştır.