Bu çalışmanın amacı Burdur ilinde süt sığırcılığı ile birlikte bitkisel üretim yapan işletmelerin, gübre olarak ahır gübresi kullanımlarının farklı işletme büyüklükleri düzeyinde ekonomik analizini yapmaktır. Araştırmanın verileri süt sığırcılığı ile birlikte bitkisel üretim yapan 102 işletmeden anket yöntemi ile elde edilmiştir. Analiz sonuçlarına göre; işletme büyüklüğü arttıkça işletmelerin bitkisel üretimlerinde ihtiyaçları olan bitki besin maddesini, hayvan gübresinden karşılama oranlarının arttığı belirlenmiştir. Ahır gübresinden besin maddesi ihtiyacının karşılanma oranı Grup I, II ve işletmeler ortalaması için sırasıyla; %29,9, %58,9 ve %45,2 olarak hesaplanmıştır. Çiftçilerin gübre olarak ahır gübresi kullandıklarında, Grup I, II ve işletmeler ortalaması için sırasıyla 51,8, 107,1 ve 80,6 TL/dekar tasarruf sağladıkları hesaplanmıştır. Bu sonuçlar ahır gübresi kullanımının çiftçiler için ekonomik olabileceğini göstermektedir. Bununla birlikte, işletmelerde fazla kimyasal gübre kullanımı ile ilişkili olarak besin maddesi kayıplarının olduğu saptanmıştır. İhtiyaç fazlası kimyasal gübre kullanımından dolayı ortaya çıkan besin maddesi kayıpları (fazlalıkları) Grup I, II ve işletmeler ortalaması için sırasıyla 7,1, 15,9 ve 11,8 kg olarak belirlenmiştir. Fazla bitki besin maddesi kullanımından dolayı ortaya çıkan ekonomik kayıp Grup I, II ve işletmeler ortalaması için sırasıyla 65,1, 152,6 ve 110,6 TL olarak hesaplanmıştır. Araştırma bölgesinde ahır gübresi ve kimyasal gübre kullanımında ve yönetiminde çiftçilerin bilgi düzeylerinin yetersiz olduğunu söylemek mümkündür. Ahır gübresi kullanımından önce çözülmesi gereken önemli bir sorun, çiftçileri toprak analizinin önemi hakkında bilgilendirmektir.

Urban green spaces are areas established to meet the recreational needs of urban people. Although green spaces vary from country to country and region in terms of plan and design features, they were basically created to allow people to meet with nature. Parks are the basic components of urban landscapes that provide environmental and social functional value. Urban parks, in particular, provide spaces for outdoor physical activities. In order to take advantage of the opportunities of activities in the parks, users must have convenient access to these resources. One of the most important aspects for researching the use and potential benefits of urban green spaces is the assessment of their geographic accessibility. The widespread use of smart city systems and the gradual expansion of their usage areas increase the importance of spatial analysis. Spatial analyses are used in today’s urban management in the processes of determining social needs, identifying current problems, and putting forward solutions. When spatial analyses are used together with GIS, the field of application develops even more, and it supports local governments in responding to the changing demands of the society for a better life. In the study, the adequacy and accessibility of 160 city parks in Konyaaltı District of Antalya Province were examined. In terms of the adequacy of the parks, the area value of 10 m2 per person determined with the Construction Plan numbered 3194 was taken as basis. In terms of accessibility, distance values of 200, 400, 800, 1,200 meters were examined. Neighborhood boundaries and population information were obtained from the relevant units, and Arc-GIS software was used in the analysis. It was determined that the parks in Konyaaltı district were insufficient in terms of adequacy and accessibility. Finally, suggestions were made in terms of increasing the adequacy of the parks and ensuring accessibility.

Ülkemizde tescili yapılmış 97 adet yerli zeytin çeşidi mevcut olup, Saurani de Hatay/Altınözü orijinli zeytin çeşididir. Akdeniz Bölgesi zeytin üretiminde birinci sırada olan Hatay ili zeytin yetiştiriciliği için oldukça uygun iklim ve toprak koşullarına sahiptir. Bu çalışmanın amacı Hatay’da yetiştirilen Saurani zeytin çeşidinden elde edilen yağın serbest yağ asitleri, peroksit sayısı ve yağ asitleri kompozisyonu gibi kalite parametreleri üzerinde zeytin olgunluğunun etkisinin araştırılmasıdır. Bu amaçla 2020 üretim sezonunun 3 farklı olgunluk döneminde Saurani çeşidinden toplanan zeytinlerden mekanik yöntemle zeytinyağı elde edilmiştir. Saurani zeytinyağında serbest yağ asitleri %0.62-0.91 (oleik asit), peroksit sayısı 3.68-5.26 meq O2/kg olarak belirlenmiştir. Olgunlukla birlikte serbest yağ asitleri miktarı artmıştır. Saurani zeytinyağında oleik asit %66.32-68.79, palmitik asit %12.47-13.75, linoleik asit %11.43-13.84, stearik asit %3.16-3.42, palmitoleik asit %1.12-1.34, linolenik asit %0.88-1.01 ve araşidik asit %0.41-0.52 aralıklarında belirlenmiştir. Olgunlukla birlikte oleik asit içeriğinde azalma, linoleik asit içeriğinde ise artış kaydedilmiştir. Saurani zeytinyağının incelenen özellikler bakımından Türk Gıda Kodeksi Zeytinyağı ve Pirina Zeytinyağı Tebliği’nde (2017) belirtilen sınırlar içerisinde olduğu belirlenmiştir.

In the present study, totally 49 samples, which showed the symptoms of leaf and shoot blight and cankers with brown discoloration of necrotic tissues on mature branches, were collected from 22 districts and areas of Konya Province between 2017 and 2019. Presence rate of E. amylovora in collected samples, showing symptoms of the disease, from the province was determined to be 40% for blackberry and raspberry and 33% rosehip for rosehip in three years. Bacteria consistently isolated from the diseased tissues were identified on the basis of biochemical, physiological, and molecular tests, comparing with a reference strain of E. amylovora, isolated from blackberry (Kbb 371). Twenty seven representative bacterial strains were gram-negative, rod-shaped, mucoid, fermentative, positive for levan formation and acetoin production, no growth at 36°C, positive for gelatin hydrolysis, and negative for esculin hydrolysis, indole, urease, catalase, oxidase, arginine dehydrolase, reduction of nitrate, acid production from lactose, and inositol. All strains induced a hypersensitive response in tobacco (Nicotiana tobacum cv. White Burley) 24 h after inoculation with a 108 CFU ml-1 bacterial suspension in sterile distilled water. The strains were identified as E. amylovora using the species-specific primers set A/B (1), which amplified a 1-kb DNA fragment in PCR, and the matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) method. In order to fulfill the Koch postulates, pathogenicity test was confirmed by injecting bacterial suspensions of 108 CFU ml-1 in sterile distilled water into the shoot tips of 3-year-old blackberry R. fruticosus cv. Chester, raspberry R. idaeus cv. Heritage and rosehip R. canina. All tests were repeated three times. The bacterium was re-isolated from inoculated plants and identified as E. amylovora. Phytosanitary measures are needed to prevent any further spread of the bacterium as potential inoculum sources to new blackberry, raspberry and rosehip growing areas.

This study compared egg quality parameters in layers under free-range system with prefabricated pens and backyard while emphasizing hen age. A total of 300 eggs collected from prefabricated pens and backyard farming families in the Çamardı District of Niğde Province were used as study materials. The assessed external and internal egg quality characteristics included egg weight, shape index, shell thickness, shell breaking strength, albumen index, Haugh unit, yolk index, and yolk colour. The effect of production system on albumen index, Haugh unit, and yolk colour score was found statistically significant. There was a significant effect of age on shape index, shell thickness, shell breaking strength, albumen index, Haugh Unit, yolk index, and yolk colour score. The effect of interaction between age and production system was statistically significant for shape index, shell thickness, yolk index, Haugh Unit, and yolk colour score. It was determined that the egg`s meat and blood spots percentages from the free-range and backyard systems were 10.6% and 15.3%, respectively. It was concluded that while eggs produced from free-range system are superior in terms of egg weight, shape index, and Haugh unit those obtained from backyard hens are higher in eggshell thickness, eggshell breaking strength, and egg yolk colour.

This study has been conducted to determine the fruit quality parameters such as sugar and carotenoid content as well as plant and fruit characteristics of 11 local watermelon genotypes from watermelon genetic resources collection of Cukurova University, Department of Horticulture. First and 50% male and female flowering period, main stem length, main stem diameter, number of nodes on main stem, total yield, fruit weight, fruit length, fruit diameter, fruit rind thickness, total soluble solids (TSS), sugar and carotenoid contents were examined. Although there is no significant difference for main stem diameter and number of nodes on the main stem, significant differences were obtained for total yield, sugar and carotenoid composition of the genotypes. Carotenoid and sugar analysis were performed with a high-performance liquid chromatographic method coupled with diode-array detector (HPLC-DAD) and HPLC coupled with refractive index detector (RID), respectively. In all studied genotypes, cis-13-lycopene and β-carotene were the most abundant compounds. As expected for watermelon genotypes, the main sugar found in all studied genotypes was fructose. According to PCA analyses, genotypes were characterized by physical and chemical composition. Overall evaluation of results revealed that Kar 147 had better potential with carotenoid, sugar contents and fruit characteristics.

Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is one of the most significant vegetable crops for humans along with corn, wheat, and rice. In this study, quantitative analysis of phenolic compounds was carried out for 21 promising potato clones and three commercial cultivars. LC–MS/MS was used for the chemical analyses. The TOGU 3/518 clone had the highest level of 4-hydroxybenzoic acid as 138.51 ± 7.35 µg/kg. TOGU 12/29 and TOGU 2/198 clones, on the other hand, had 126.24 ± 2.29 and 125.29 ± 2.74 µg/kg of 4-hydroxybenzoic acid, respectively. Salicylic acid which is a pharmaceutically significant compound was found in TOGU 3/518 clone (125.66 ± 11.51 µg/kg) as a major product. This compound was also found in TOGU 2/198 (111.27 ±1.31 µg/kg) and TOGU 12/29 clones (111.07 ± 3.68 µg/kg) as the third and fourth most abundant. In terms of caffeic acid, TOGU 3/110 clone contained the highest level (42.50 ± 3.73 µg/kg). While TOGU 7/146 clone included the most protocatechuic acid (53.98 ± 1.47 µg/kg), TOGU 3/480 clone consisted of most gentisic acid (30.79 ± 0.51 µg/kg). Quercetin, an important flavonoid found many aromatic and medicinal plants, was highest in TOGU 12/29 clone (6.27 ± 0.15 µg/kg).

Consumption of vegetables, having a significant place in nutrition of humankind, is increasing day by day as their health-improving effects have been better understood nowadays. For such vegetables, certain criteria such as organic production, season production, regional production etc. are taken into consideration. The objective of this study is to research about existence of Bacillus cereus and Salmonella spp. in the locally-grown vegetables offered in local bazaars. Parsley, lettuce, spinach, turnip, carrot, chard, Brussels sprouts and radish produced in the province of Giresun were used in the study. Bacillus cereus and Salmonella spp. analyses were carried out in line with International Organization for Standardization quality standards. Among 89 vegetable samples analyses, Salmonella spp. and B. cereus were not detected in all and 5 of the samples respectively (

In this study, it was investigated the total amounts of phenolic and flavonoid substances and antioxidant activities in different solvent extracts of Lonicera iberica M. Bieb. wild fruit. Total phenolic contents of the extracts were determined as equivalent to gallic acid using Folin-Ciocalteu reagent, and total flavonoid contents as equivalent to quercetin by aluminium nitrate method. In addition, the antioxidant properties of the extracts were determined using free radical scavenging (DPPH) and reducing power (FRAP) methods. The amount of total phenolic substance of L. iberica fruits in hexane and methanol extracts was calculated as 30.96 ± 0.67 mg of GAE / g and 23.70 ± 1.56 mg of GAE / g, respectively. In addition, the amount of total flavonoid substance was calculated as 46.50 ± 8.54 mg of QE / g and 42.09 ± 2.58 mg of QE / g, respectively. It was determined that DPPH radical scavenging activity correlated with total phenolic and flavonoid amount of substance, and L. iberica had a strong antioxidant effect. It is predicted that our study will shed light on new researches, since it is the first study done with L. Iberica fruits in this field.