Çalışmada Türkiye ve Karadeniz Bölgesinin önemli balıkçılık yerlerinden olan Sinop il merkezinde balık tüketim tercihlerinin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Araştırmanın özelliği gereği iadesiz seçim gerçekleştirilmiştir. Araştırmanın birincil verilerini, anket yoluyla elde edilen veriler oluşturmuştur. Verilerin analizinde; betimletici istatistikler, ki-kare uyum testi ve regrasyon analizinden yararlanılmıştır. Araştırmada denek sayısını belirlemek için; n=Npqta2/[(N-1)d2+ pqta2] formülünden yararlanılmıştır Katılımcılardan %58’i balıketinin sağlıklı olduğunu belirtmiştir. En çok tükettikleri etin balıketi olduğunu belirtenlerin oranı sadece %21’dir. Deneklerin tamamına yakını (%94) balığı taze olarak tüketmeyi tercih etmektedir. Haftada en az bir kez balık tüketenlerin oranı sadece %2 iken, en yüksek oran (%48) on beş günde bir tüketimdedir. Deneklerin yarısına yakını (%45) balıketini ızgarada pişirerek tüketmeyi tercih etmektedir. Balıketi tüketenlerin %90’ı deniz balığını tercih ederken, %71’i balık satış yerlerinin bir arada olmasını istemektedirler. Ayrıca deneklerin %49’u balık sakladıklarını belirtmiş ve balık saklayanların %82’isi soğuk muhafaza, %16’sı tuzlama ile balık saklamayı tercih ettiklerini belirtmişlerdir. Soğuk muhafaza yoluyla balık saklayanların %74’ünün geliri 3000 TL ve üzeri gelir seviyesine sahiptir. Tuzlama yoluyla balık saklayanların her gelir grubuna dağılmış olması, yöredeki kadim kültürden kaynaklandığını söyleyebiliriz.

Apiculture is one of the agricultural activities carried out widely in our country and in the world. Our society attaches great importance to beekeeping and honey products, especially honey, so bee colony health is very important in the continuity of bee products. There are many factors that can be shown to cause colony loss in bees and one of them is poisoning caused by pesticides. Causes such as improper dosing of pesticides, day-to-day spraying, or potentiation or effect differentiation due to random mixing of drugs may cause collective bee deaths. In this study, 188 dead bee samples (each sample contains approximately 100 g dead bees) from different bee farms, which were collected from beekeepers and brought to Adana Veterinary Control Institute with the suspicion of pesticide poisoning due to intensive deaths, were examined. Qualitative examination was performed by gas chromatography (GC) device. In the examination of dead bee samples, tau-fluvalinate residue was found in 2 samples in 2015 and cypermethrin residue was found in 1 sample in 2016. In 2017 and 2018, no detectable substance was detected in terms of pyrethroid pesticides. In 188 samples which we examined in terms of pyrethroit group pesticides, 1 substance was found to be toxic for bees. This shows, at the samples examined, that pyrethroid pesticides are not involved in bee colony losses in Çukurova.

This review article discussed the effects of various production systems on the welfare of laying hens. The global egg production capacity has been increasing with the evolving production systems which are driven by the consumer preferences. In developed countries, the egg industry has shifted from focusing on quantity and quality of eggs to asking questions of how these eggs are produced. Animal welfare issues emphasized by consumers in these countries led to the banning of conventional cages as seen by European Union in 2012. Such legal measures have uplifted research in various alternative production systems which are thought to be animal friendly. Countries that have adjusted to alternative systems such as free range are registering an increase in the number of free range eggs which is a positive sign for an industry that is willing to adapt and move forward. However, in developing countries, conventional cages are still being used because they are fundamental to the quantity of egg production which is a success indicator of the egg industry. In addition, lack of awareness within the consumers and local producers that birds are sentient has not helped the poultry industry in such countries. However, the alternative production systems have also not fulfilled all the behavioural needs of the animals and, hen welfare issues such as keel and bone damage are common in enriched and perched systems. Also, the high prevalence of diseases and parasites are observed with significant levels in litter floor and outdoor systems an issue attributable to the direct contact between birds and soil or faces. Due to the continuing welfare issues in all laying hen production systems, it is suggested that in addition to genetic selection for traits like bone strength, reduced feather pecking, research should combine both the modification of equipment’s or materials used in each production system and environmental factors such as illumination and temperature as an alternative to improve hen welfare.

Turkish geography in terms of socio-economic and socio-cultural aspects, are miniatures of Turkish civilization. We see that the culture of “imece” has come into play as an example of solidarity in rural areas, which constitute the cornerstone of Turkish geography and where the power of the state cannot reach. “Imece which is defined as “the gathering of many people and performing the work of a person or a community together and thus finishing the works in order”; It partially complies with the applications in the Anatolian geography. Some definitions will be made without examining the site; The culture of the “salma-salvage” function, which is defined as “collecting money from every house by the decision of the elderly committee to see the works in the villages”, is mixed with the solidarity of imam. As there is no coercion in the living “imece” culture, it is usually a collaboration based on voluntary aid to the person who feels the need. On the other hand, “Cooperatives” emerged as a search for solidarity and mutual aid in order to solve the problems arising from the livelihoods and working conditions of the working class after the French revolution and spread to all countries of the World. The first cooperative in the field of consumption was founded by 28 weaving workers in England as “Rochdale pioneers” in 1844 and applied the basic rules adopted by the International Cooperatives Association (ICA) as principles of cooperatives. Known as the first cooperative established in Turkey, “the ark of the Homeland” organization close to two out of the past century when, although we are not able to say that cooperatives Umeda received adequate road. An agricultural country as defined in Turkey, Turkish society is at the core of “shared work” desired revitalizing the cultural development of cooperatives should be provided.

The aim of the study is comparing the milk consumption habits of the students of the Department of Dairy Technology and Department of Agriculture Economy The survey was conducted with 66 students from Department of Dairy Technology and 84 students from Department of Agriculture Economy. It is indicated that 82.54% of the students from Department of Dairy Technology and 74.07% of the students from Department of Agriculture Economy get information from expert organizations (universities, private companies, etc.) about the importance of milk in nutrition. According to the Chi-square tests, there is a significant relationship between the department preference variable and the sources which are getting information and found reliable by the students and milk consumption variable. Besides, it is indicated that 98% of the students from both of the departments prefer pasteurized and UHT milk rather than raw milk.

Nowadays, whitening of stained teeth has become the most popular topic in aesthetic and cosmetic dentistry. Because of the side effects of materials that were used for bleaching, in this study the effects of some plants which were used in Anatolian folk medicine on the treatment of tooth staining were examined. In this study, upper central incisors which were extracted for periodontal reasons were used. The colour values of numbered teeth were obtained and the teeth were immersed into three different essential oils of medicinal plants (Mentha piperita, Ocimum basilicum, Rosmarinus officinalis, Salvia officinalis) for different time periods (1 day, 1 week, 1 month). At the end of the immersion periods, colour measurements of all samples were made and the colour changes were analysed. Obtained data were statistically analysed by using ANOVA and Duncan test. As a result of the variance analysis, plant species and the duration of immersion was found to be statistically significant. Within the limits of this study, we can indicate that tested medicinal plants has a whitening effect by resulting significant change in tooth colour.

Small walnut aphid (Chromaphis juglandicola (Kalt.) (Hem.: Aphididae) and Dusky-veined walnut aphid (Panaphis juglandis) (Goeze) (Hemiptera: Callaphididae) are important pests in walnut orchards in Lake Van Basin, Turkey. Aphids, which are colonized separately in the upper and lower parts of the walnut leaf, cause loss of quality and quantity in the walnut when their population is dense. In this study, population growth rate parameters based on feeding with both aphids of Chrysoperla carnea (Stephen) (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae), which is one of the important predators of the pest, were determined. The experiments were carried out in climatic rooms under 25±10°C, 65±5% humidity and 16: 8 (L: D) h (5,000 lux) lighting time conditions. Life table parameters were estimated according to age-stage, two-sex life table method. The values obtained for the intrinsic rate of increase (r), finite rate of increase (λ), net reproductive rate (R0) and mean generation time (T) were 0.082 d-1, 1.082 d-1, 59.47 offspring and 49.76 d, respectively of C. carnea fed on Chromaphis juglandicola and Panaphis juglandis. Results obtained might be used in pest management program that will be prepared for the aphids.

Lumbar disc herniation (LDH) is a common cause of low back pain and radicular pain. The aim of our study was to evaluate the regression of LDH in patients who are considered to require surgical treatment but prefer conservative treatment. Patients who presented between January 2018 and June 2020 and who did not accept the recommended surgical treatment following a diagnosis of LDH based on clinical and radiological findings were retrospectively reviewed. All 12 of the patients included in the study showed spontaneous regression of LDH during outpatient clinical follow-up. Our study included 12 patients (seven male and five female). The mean age was 46.5 (the youngest was 30 years old; the oldest was 70 years old). Regression was observed at the L2-L3 level in two patients (10%), at the L4-L5 level in four patients (40%), and at the L5-S1 level in six patients (50%). On the follow-up examination of all patients, the severity of their pain was evaluated with the Visual Analogue Scale, and all patients described a reduction in pain (min: 2, max: 8). Ten patients described radicular pain at the initial examination, eight patients received physical therapy and rehabilitation treatment before the follow-up examination, and nine patients described neuropathic pain at the follow-up examination. Spontaneous regression of LDH is rare. While conservative treatments provided partial improvement in the complaints of these patients, conservative treatments usually cannot prevent the development of neuropathic pain.

Studies have shown that many of the synthetic additives which are added to food for different purposes have negative impacts on human health. For this reason, researchers have focused on natural additives that can replace with synthetic ones and positively affect health through their various functions. Biothiols have effects on color, taste and aroma in foods. In addition, they possess various functions in the prevention of cancer, Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, lung and heart diseases by decreasing oxidative damage with their antioxidant and protective effects. In this review, the studies about thiol contents of food, their functions and the possibilities of using thiols in the food industry instead of synthetic additives have been brought together.

In this study, wheat flour was substituted with the following ratios of the raw (RCBH) and leached (LCBH) cocoa bean hull (CBH) in pound cakes (PC) (CBH/wheat flour ratios: 20/80 (20%), 30/70 (30%) and 40/60 (40%)), respectively. The proximate composition and the content of bioactive compounds in the cake samples for each weight ratio of RCBH and LCBH and in the hulls were evaluated. Fiber, ash, total antioxidant activity (TAA) and total phenolic compound (TPC) contents increased with the CBH content in the cakes. No significant difference was found in the specific volume among the cake samples. Based on the results of the textural analysis, all cake samples showed higher hardness, lower springiness and cohesiveness than those of the control cake. Regarding to the color of the crumb and crust, the 40% LCBH and RCBH cakes presented the lowest L*, a* and b* values. According to the Principal Component Analysis (PCA), it was observed that the properties with respect to the cell uniformity, adhesiveness, sweetness, oiliness and humidity of the 20LCBH and 20RCBH cakes can be distinguished clearly from the other flour substituted cakes.