Bu çalışma Ankara ili merkez ilçelerinde ikamet eden (Altındağ, Çankaya, Etimesgut, Gölbaşı, Keçiören, Mamak, Pursaklar, Sincan ve Yenimahalle) tüketicilerin keçi eti ve et ürünlerine karşı olan algılarını belirlemek ve bu ürünlerin tüketiminde etkili olan faktörlerin belirlenmesi amacıyla gerçekleştirilmiştir. Bu amaçla 269 tüketiciyle yüz yüze anketler gerçekleştirilerek tüketicilerin sosyo-ekonomik ve demografik özellikleri, keçi eti ve et ürünleri tüketmeye ve satın almaya yönelik davranışları incelenmiştir. Araştırma bulguları ki kare istatistik yöntemi ve çapraz tablo ile analiz edilmiştir. Ankete katılan tüketicilerin %82,2’sinin keçi eti ve et ürünlerini tüketmediği %17,8’inin ise tükettiği belirlenmiştir. Tüketiciler tarafından keçi eti ürünü olarak en çok kuşbaşı (%16,7) ve kıyma (%13,8) tüketildiği ve aylık keçi kuşbaşı ve keçi kıyması tüketim miktarlarının sırasıyla; 0,20 ve 0,17 kg olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Yapılan ki kare analizi sonucunda tüketicilerin demografik özellikleriyle keçi eti ve et ürünleri tüketimi arasındaki ilişkinin istatistik olarak önemli olmadığı fakat erkek, evli,18-45 yaş aralığında ve eğitim düzeyi yüksek bireylerin keçi eti tüketme eğilimlerinin daha yüksek olduğu belirlenmiştir. Bununla birlikte kurban kesme eğilimiyle keçi eti tüketimi arasındaki ilişkinin önemli olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Keçi eti ve et ürünleri tüketici tercih ve algısının arttırılmasına yönelik yapılacak olan tanıtım çalışmalarında bu özelliklerin dikkate alınması daha etkili sonuçlar elde edilmesine neden olacaktır.

Arazi kullanım/arazi örtüsü haritalarının, gerçek yersel verilerle uyumlu olması doğru ve etkin bir arazi planlamasında çok önemlidir. Bu çalışmada, TR21 Trakya Bölgesi için kullanılabilecek, güncel, küresel ve bölgesel arazi kullanım/arazi örtüsü haritalarının doğruluk değerlendirmesi yapılmıştır. 400 referans nokta, arazi sınıflarına katmanlı rastgele olacak şekilde dağıtılmıştır. Kappa testi ile belirlenen arazi kullanım/arazi örtüsü doğruluk değerleri Copernicus, ESA, Corine düzey 1 ve düzey 2 haritaları için sırasıyla; 0,63, 0,83, 0,80 ve 0,71’dir. Sınıflandırılmış haritaların, bölgede çok fazla yer kaplayan ekilebilir tarım arazileri ve orman alanlarını iyi derecede temsil ettiği bununla birlikte maki/çalılık ve fundalık alanlarda ve mera ve çayır alanlarda doğruluk oranının düşük kaldığı sonucuna varılmıştır. Bütün haritalar birlikte değerlendirildiğinde, mekansal planlama çalışmalarında, bölgesel ölçekte ESA verilerinin, yerel çalışmalarda ise Corine düzey 2 verilerinin kullanılması çok faydalı olacaktır.

Küresel iklim değişikliği ve su yetersizliği nedeni ile besin talebini karşılamak için ekonomik yönü, çevresel-sosyal etkileri ve gıda güvenliği değerlendirmelerinin çoğunda sürdürülebilirlik konularına yer verilmemektedir. Gıda Tarım Örgütü (FAO) ve Dünya Sağlık Örgütü (WHO) sürdürülebilir sağlıklı diyetin tanımını “Sürdürülebilir diyetler düşük çevresel etkili, besin ve beslenme güvencesinin günümüzde var olmasını ve gelecek nesillere aktarılmasını sağlayan sağlıklı yaşamı hedefleyen diyetlerdir” şeklinde yapmıştır. Dünya’da sürdürülebilir diyetlerin insanlara ve doğal kaynaklara uygun, biyoçeşitliliğe ve ekosisteme karşı koruyucu, saygılı, duyarlı, ekonomik olarak ulaşılabilir ve beslenme açısından yeterli, güvenilir ve sağlıklı olması gerekmektedir. Çevresel bozulmaların sonucunda besin üretimi ve tüketimi olumsuz yönde etkilenmektedir. Mevcut küresel besin sistemi ve beslenme sürdürülebilirlik açısından değerlendirildiğinde yetersiz olduğu düşünülmektedir. Ancak gıda güvenliği ve sürdürülebilirlik için yapılan çalışmalarda sağlıklı beslenme durumunu sürdürmek için kritik olan diyet ve besin çeşitliliği ile mikro besin yeterliliğini ele alınmamıştır. Bu nedenle derlemede sürdürülebilir beslenme açısından farklı toplumların benimseyerek uyguladığı, sağlıklı ve sürdürülebilir olarak değerlendirilen bazı beslenme modellerinden olan Akdeniz, Dash, Yeni Nordik, Temiz Baltık, Vejetaryen, Paleotik ve Intermittent Fasting Diyet gibi beslenme modelleri irdelenerek sürdürülebilir diyetlerin hem insan sağlığı hem de çevreye olan etkileri üzerine odaklanılmıştır.

Information-intensive and precise knowledge-based marketing approaches is a key aspect in ensuring the long-term viability of agriculture. Unfortunately, the economic potential of information and communication technologies used in agricultural marketing is not fully utilized. This study, therefore, unravelled the effects of information and communication technologies in the marketing of broiler birds in Enugu state, Nigeria. Primary data collected from 90 marketers were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The result showed that all the marketers accessed and used mobile phones very often to communicate with their customers but only a few (40%) used social media platforms while radio and television were rarely used. The gross margin analysis showed that broiler marketing was a viable enterprise with ₦80,972.72 (USD 197.29) gross margin monthly. The degree of use of information and communication technologies, level of education and marketing experience significantly affected the revenue margin of the respondents. High cost of information and communication technology facilities, inconsistence power supply, poor network coverage and connectivity and high cost of airtime and data were among the major constraints faced by the marketers. The study recommends that the problem of inconsistent power supply and poor network coverage should be rectified by the government and the network providers, respectively. The national communication commission should as a matter of urgency regulate, moderate and reduce the high call tariffs and internet data cost to enhance the profit margin of the broiler marketers.

Necrogenic Gram-negative bacterium Erwinia amylovora, which causes economic losses especially in pome fruits such as apple, pear, quince and loquat, some berries and many ornamental plants, causes fire blight disease. Copper compounds are used extensively in disease control programs and they can cause toxicproblems in terms of plant and environmental health. In addition, the formation of resistance to copper in the pathogen is frequently observed. In this study, plant activator phosphorous acid and biological control agent Bacillus subtilis, and 3 different copper compounds,  Copper sulfate,  Copper oxychloride and Copper hydroxide which are commonly  used  against E. amylovora,  on  apple  cv.  Gala  with  M9  rootstock  were  evaluated  comparatively.  When the new season shoot lengths of 3-year-old plants with homogeneous growth reached 20-25 cm, chemicals and B. subtilis were applied first time before one week ago from the pathogen inoculation, and after 2 times with 1 week intervals. The youngest two leaves at tips of actively growing terminal plant shoots were inoculated by cutting off using scissors dipped in suspension of E. amylovora str. EaARADY5 containing 108 CFU ml-1. Disease assessments were made after the disease severity (%)  was determined on the basis of shoot blight after symptom development of the disease stopped, and the results were found to be statistically significant (p<0.05). According to the findings, while the highest effect was obtained by copper oxychloride with 69%  effectiveness among all applications,  the lowest effectiveness was obtained with 43.5% copper sulfate. It has been revealed that the use of the most effective of the copper compounds in field applications will result in less exposure to chemicals in terms of human and environmental health, and that B. subtilis and phosphorous acid can be used significantly in the integrated control of fire blight.

The “Basic Design” is one of the common introductory courses in design disciplines. It has great importance in interior architecture education as it forms the basis of design practice. Education that proceeds through abstract concepts creates difficulties for students to internalize this course. To avoid these difficulties, learning by doing is of great importance. The learning-by-doing approach was carried out in the form of a workshop within the scope of the “Basic Design 1” course of the Department of Interior Architecture at Konya Technical University in the fall semester of the 2022-2023 academic year. Students were asked to produce three-dimensional designs using basic design principles and elements. The class was divided into groups of eight people and studies were carried out with a workshop coordinator in each group. The duration of the workshop was planned as four weeks. During the workshop, students learned to use materials and colors, to design an original composition. At the end of the workshop, students learned to embody the abstract concepts they learned during the year by creating a composition that considers functionality and aesthetics. In order to evaluate the efficiency of the workshop, a survey study was carried out after the course period ended. As a result, it has been seen that the intelligibility of Basic Design 1, which is a course taught through abstract concepts, has increased thanks to the workshop.

This study investigates the reactions of four summer pumpkin cultivars (cvs. Çağlayan, Mert Bey, Sena Hanım, TG38) to root and crown rot caused by Fusarium proliferatum by taking into account criteria such as disease severity, plant growth (number of leaves, height, dry and fresh weight of shoot) and the accumulation of phenolic compounds in the roots. Seeds of each cultivar were inoculated with the pathogen and left to develop for 1 month at 25oC in a controlled climate room. The content of phenolic compounds in ethanolic root extracts was determined using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Cv. Sena Hanım had the lowest disease severity (4.40%) among the cultivars, followed by cvs. Çağlayan (10.62%) and Mert Bey (11.07%). Plants developed from inoculated seeds of cvs. Çağlayan and Sena Hanım had no decrease in the number of leaves and in length, fresh and dry weight of shoots in comparison to the control (plants from non-inoculated seeds), while cv. Mert Bey demonstrated a decrease at very low rates in shoot fresh and dry weight (2.24% and 0.77%, respectively). The phenolic compound that exhibited the highest increase in root extracts of cv. Sena Hanım compared to the control among the cultivars was p-coumaric acid (6.57-fold). This study demonstrates that p-coumaric acid can play an important role in the resistance of pumpkin to seed infestation by F. proliferatum.

The belief that ancient wheat is more beneficial than common wheat has been growing trend in recent years among the consumers. The present study aims to compare bioactive peptide, allergen peptide and toxic peptide generation after gastrointestinal digestion of modern wheat (Triticum aestivum) and ancient wheat, einkorn (Triticum monococcum var. monococcum), using in silico tools. The primary sequences of both kinds of wheat were obtained from BIOPEP-UWM and UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot database. In silico digestion was applied using BIOPEP-UWM online tool. For the simulation of gastrointestinal digestion pepsin (pH 1.3) (EC 3.4.23.1), trypsin (EC 3.4.21.4), and chymotrypsin (EC 3.4.21.1) were selected and analyzed. Homology analysis was performed for each protein sequences using EMBOSS Needle program. Toxic and allergen peptides were predicted using ToxinPred online tool and Allergen FP v.1.0. The results showed that einkorn and common wheat proteins exhibited similar properties including high similarity rate (58.72-87.40%) indicating the percentage of matches between the two sequences and the identical bioactivities for peptides generated after digestion. Most of the bioactive peptides were dipeptides and the majority of them displayed more than one bioactivities including ACE inhibitory, DPP IV inhibitory or antioxidant activity, etc. Allergen peptides generated after in silico digestion were found to be similar for both kinds of wheat. In silico gastric digestion of einkorn and wheat caused toxic peptides production, but they were disappeared after in silico intestinal digestion. In conclusion, although there is a perception related to the Einkorn that is healthier than common wheat, in silico digestion of common wheat and einkorn did not support this perception.

Microorganisms have various stress response systems to maintain their viability when exposed to different stress conditions. In this study, Lactobacillus acidophilus ATCC 4356 and Bifidobacterium bifidum ATCC 11863 strains, used in probiotic yoghurt production, were subjected to acid (lactic and hydrochloric acid) stress to induce acid tolerance response (ATR). Yoghurts produced with both acid-adapted and non-adapted strains were stored at +4°C for 21 days. During the storage period, the pH and titratable acidity values of the yoghurts were measured, and the viability levels of the probiotic strains in the yoghurts were determined. In all yoghurt groups, a decrease in pH values and an increase in titratable acidity were observed during storage. The highest viability levels of the probiotic strains were detected on the first day of storage. Lactic acid-adapted Lb. acidophilus ATCC 4356 and B. bifidum ATCC 11863 in yoghurt showed growth at a level of 8.08 ± 0.12 and 8.08 ± 0.09 log10 Cfu/g at the first day of storage, respectively. Additionally, hydrochloric acid-adapted Lb. acidophilus ATCC 4356 and B. bifidum ATCC 11863 in yoghurt exhibited growth at levels of 7.90 ± 0.08 and 5.99 ± 0.03 log10 Cfu/g, respectively. The viability of acid-adapted Lb. acidophilus ATCC 4356 and B. bifidum ATCC 11863 showed a decrease similar way to that of the control group (non-acid adapted) during the storage period.

In recent years, there has been a growing interest in herbal remedies for therapeutic purposes. Aromatic plants have become a significant source of raw materials for the fragrance, food, and cosmetics industries. Additionally, the emergence of new applications and the trend towards natural nutrition and alternative healing methods, often referred to as "going natural," have increased the interest in medicinal and aromatic plants in our country, as well as in other countries around the world. In this study were investigated to determine yield and quality characteristics of seven different lavender (Lavandula intermedia Emeric ex Loisel. = L. hybrida L.) (Grasso, Süper-A, Seguret, Dutch, Abrial, Akmeşe, English) cultivars under dry and irrigated cultivation in Kahramanmaraş conditions between 2019 and 2020. The research was carried out in a randomized block design with 4 replications. Fresh stem flower yield was the highest variety Grasso(672.81kg/da). The lowest fresh stem flower yield was found in Seguret variety with 611.33kg/da The highest dry stemless flower yield was determined in Grasso variety with 59,66 kg/da. There were significant differences determined between cultivars the end of 2 years. The highest average fresh stem flower yield (693.067 kg/da) and the highest average dry branched flower yield (252.588 kg/ha) were measured in GRASSO variety.