Syria is a middle-income developing country with an economy that heavily depends on the food and agricultural sectors. However, with the recent Syria crisis/war, which started in March 2011, Syria’s food and agricultural industries have badly been affected. While the most of the processing factories and agricultural facilities such as industrial zones, food plants, greenhouses, irrigation canals and pumps have been damaged in the conflict areas, this resulted in a huge recession in the food and agricultural productivity of Syria. It is estimated that this will impact the country to meet the future food requirements as well. In this study, the agricultural and food potential of Syria was analysed based on agricultural area, available lands, irrigation, food sectors etc. for the future planning food policies.

In the study, it has been demonstrated its use for a data set obtained from layer hens in a hybrid approach obtained by combining BAGGING and MARS. In the study, the data of 2018 of the egg production enterprise in a private livestock enterprise in the Çukurova Region of Adana province were used. In the research, a data set obtained from Lohman breed chickens, who are at an average age of 60 weeks, was used. Earth (enhanced adaptive regression through hinges) and caret (classification and regression training), mda (Mixture Discriminant Analysis) packages were used in R STUDIO program to provide a stronger solution of regression problems in the created MARS and Bagging MARS algorithm. The estimation performance of the bagging MARS technique was evaluated with the goodness of fit criteria by taking the B value of the bootstrap sample number 3. In the study, the effect of temperature and humidity on egg yield, broken / cracked eggs, number of dead animals and feed consumption was investigated using MARS and bagging MARS analysis. While the effect of evening temperature(t3) on egg yield was found to be significant, it was not included in the estimation equation since morning (t1) and noon(t2) temperatures did not have a significant effect. Since the number of broken / cracked eggs and dead animals is less than 5 weeks, these variables are not included in the estimation equation in MARS and Bagging MARS models. It has been observed that feed consumption has a positive contribution in both models.

Kaz yetiştiriciliğinde verimli ve karlı bir üretimin yapılabilmesi ancak sağlıklı sürülerin olması ile mümkündür. Her ne kadar kanatlı hayvanlar içerisinde hastalıklardan en az etkilenen tür kazlar olmasına rağmen, kazlarda ciddi kayıplara neden olan birçok bakteriyel, viral, paraziter ve mantar hastalıkları bulunmaktadır. Diğer kanatlılarda olduğu gibi kaz yetiştiriciliğinde de hastalığın tedavisi, korunmadan daha pahalıdır. Bu nedenle hastalıkların çıkmasını ve yayılmasını en aza indirmek, hastalıkların tedavisinde tasarruf sağlamak, sürü sağlığını iyileştirip-geliştirmek, hayvan ölümlerini en aza indirmek ve işletme karlılığını artırmak için biyogüvenlik prosedürlerinin uygulanması gerekmektedir. Bu biyogüvenlik prosedürleri ise rutin ve yüksek riskli olmak üzere iki şekilde yapılabilir. Rutin biyogüvenlik prosedürleri hastalık etkenlerinin işletmeye girişinin engel olunması, etkili hijyen ve sanitasyon programının uygulanması, yeterli bağışıklığın oluşturulması için etkili aşı programlarının olması, kalifiye personel ile çalışılması, sürü yönetim programının düzgün olması ile denetim ve kontrolün iyi bir şekilde yapılması ile mümkündür. Yüksek riskli biyogüvenlik prosedürleri ise şüpheli ve salgın bir hayvan hastalığı durumunda planlı ve programlı bir şekilde yapılması gereken uygulamalardır. Sonuç olarak kaz yetiştiriciliğinde biyogüvenlik prosedürleri etkili ve disiplinli bir şekilde yerine getirilirse, sağlıklı sürüler ve daha fazla kârlılık elde edileceği unutulmamalıdır.

This study was carried out in order to determine the effect of organic liquid fertilizer applications on grain yield, yield characteristics and some quality trait of wheat in different periods in organic agriculture trial area. The trial was conducted in four replications according to a split-plot design in randomized blocks in trial area of the vocational Akçakale high school during the 2016-2017 and 2017-2018 growing season. Şölen 2002 and Edessa wheat varieties and organic liquid fertilizer and barnyard manure were used as materials in the research. Organic liquid fertilizer was applied in five different periods such as control, tillering, beginning of the bolting, the end of the bolting and the hearing, provided that the dose remained the same. According to the results of the research, the highest values were obtained in the end of the bolting of Şölen-2002 variety in terms of grain yield and yield components (spike length, spikelet number, number of grains per spike, grain weight per spike, plant height, hectoliter weight and thousand kernel weight). According to the results of two years, the highest grain yield (530.43 kg/da-1) was obtained in the end of the bolting application of Şölen-2002 variety. Since the first year of the study was warmer and more drought than the second year, While the yield and yield components decreased, the quality characteristics (protein and dry gluten ratio) increased. Due to the temperatures, Edessa variety had higher protein and dry gluten ratios than Şölen-2002 variety.

The purpose of this research is to measure the economic performance and development of rainbow trout farming in inland waters in Turkey. As a result of the research, it was determined that the farms use an average of 82% of their capacities. There was a negative relationship between the farm-scale and CUR, and as the farm scale grows, the CUR decreases. The average feed conversion rate (FCR) of the enterprises was calculated as 1.12. Fish capital (36.8%) had the largest share in active capital, and equity capital (87.2%) had the largest share in passive capital. Net profits of farms falling to one-tonne production capacity; it was calculated as 2.374 TRY in small-scale farms, 1.322 TRY in medium-scale farms and 1.896 TRY in large-scale farms. The proportional profit of farms was 1.08, 0.99, and 1.17, respectively. The average current ratio value of the examined farms was calculated as 3.67 and liquidity ratios as 3.55. As the farm's scale grows, current ratio values also increase, and large-scale farms had more cash assets than small and medium-scale farms. As a result of the research; It can be said that the trout-breeding farms in Turkey have current assets that can pay their short term debts. The average borrowing rate of farms was 0.16. In other words, 16% of the financial assets of the trout farms in Turkey were met from debts. The turnover rate of the assets of the farms was 0.79 and is below the sector average. The average rate of economic profitability of farms was calculated as 0.13. In other words, the income that farms generate from aquaculture is more than the opportunity cost.

The aim of the present study is to investigate the impact of some environmental factors on the descriptive values of milk yield characteristics in Holstein cows. For this purpose, a total of 241 lactations belonging to 62 Holstein cows had been kept as breeders in a private establishment were evaluated for 7 years in terms of milk yield. When the recording system of the establishment was examined, the average values of lactation yield (LY), corrected 305 day milk yield (305-dMY), average daily milk yield (ADMY) and lactation length (LL) were 9356.2±126.1 kg, 8549.2±105.8 kg, 28.0±0.3 kg and 315.0±2.3 days, respectively. The least mean squares (LMS) of LY was calculated as 9324.9 kg. It was found that the effect of the calving season on the LY was statistically significant (P

In this study which was carried out during the 2015 summer season in Eskişehir, the flower, pod and seed characters attributed to yield components were investigated in 12 forage pea genotypes. They showed significant differences in terms of agronomic and morphological (flower, pod, and seed) traits. The highest fresh hay yield with 2171 kg/da and plant height with 106.6 cm were obtained from Populasyon-1. Crackerjack had lower values in some flower traits such as, whereas the higher values of pod and seed traits were obtained from cv. Rose. In addition, Population-1 included in the higher value group for standard petal width, keel petal length, calyx tube and teeth lengths, and flower length. Although cluster analysis did not reflect agronomic traits, the clustering resulted in four groups. The first group consisted of Özkaynak 1, 2, and 3 and Taşkent, Töre, and Population-2, which were the standard petal colour violet, light, and dark violet. Population-1 had both violet and white standard petal; however, it was included in the second group together with white-flowered Ulubatlı and Ürünlü according to cluster analysis. While Rose and Gölyazı were in the third group, Crackerjack was in the fourth group alone. There was a highly significant positive correlation between fresh hay yield and both standard petal width and length and flower length. Consequently, a hopeful result for summer growing in Eskişehir condition was obtained from Population-1. It was suggested that some flower characters can be used for pre-selection of yield-related traits in the evaluation of genetic diversity of pea germplasm through morphological trait.

In light of recent news reporting the use of banned colorants in Lebanese-made pickled turnips exported to the European Union (EU) by the Rapid Alert System of Food and Feed (RASFF), The Lebanese Consumer Protection Association tested samples of pickled turnips being sold to the public and confirmed the use of rhodamine B. Many products were pulled off the market and were replaced with new products that were supposed to be free of any banned colorants. We selected 5 different brands of pickled turnips and tested them for pH, salinity, nitrites, and colorants. We tested the salinity using two methods: evaporation and titration. The concentration of nitrites was tested by absorbency method. The presence of colorants was determined using TLC and absorbency method. We determined that the newly released pickled turnips comply with the rules and regulations adopted by the Lebanese Standards Institution (LIBNOR) and the international standards according to the Codex Alimentarius.

Biochar as agricultural soil amendment to improve soil physico-chemical properties, crop productivity and sustainable soil fertility management is a well-known practice. A field experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of biochar on growth and yield components of carrot and selected soil physic-chemical properties. The study was carried by employing a randomized complete block design with factorial arrangement of four level of biochar (0, 4, 8 and 12 tons ha-1) and four level of Nitrogen/Phosphorus (N/P) fertilizer rate (0/0, 60/10, 90/15 and 120/20 kg ha-1) with four replications. Biochar significantly influenced physico-chemical properties of soils, such as bulk density, total porosity, pH, EC, SOC, TN, Av. P and CEC respectively, as compared to control. The results revealed substantial responses to biochar and N/P fertilization on growth and yield components of carrot with increasing level of biochar and N/P fertilizer rate. None of the others yield parameters were significantly affected by the interaction of two factors. From the present study, it can be concluded that dung cake biochar should be applied to enhance and improve soil physical and chemical properties for favourable plant growth.

In this study, pectin was extracted by acid extraction method from pomegranate peel. The temperature, time and particle size which affected pectin yield were optimized using response surface method. As a result of optimization, optimum conditions for pectin extraction from pomegranate peel were determined as 468-568 µm for particle size, 82°C for temperature and 47,5 minutes for extraction time. After the extraction at optimum conditions pectin yield was found to be 25,96%. In addition, pectin that was produced had equivalent weight of 488,01 mg, methoxyl content of 5,74%, the degree of esterification of 47,43%and anhydrogalacturonic acid content of 68,64%. The results showed that the obtained pectin was low methoxyl pectin.