Sea daffodil (Pancratium maritimum L.) is the only known Pancratium species that is naturally grown in Turkey, belongs to the Amaryllidaceae family, a group of monocotyledons. P. maritimum L. is a perennial Mediterranean plant. It grows naturally in the sandy coasts of Tukey. P. maritimum, which finds a living area right next to the sea, is a drought-tolerant plant that is exposed to direct sea breezes and strong radiation with constantly high air humidity. The roots of modified stem bulbs sink down to 80 cm in the sand. The self-fertilized Sea daffodil is flowering in June-October. It was reported that P. maritimum is one of the rare and endangered plants of Turkey because of usage natural habitats of sand lilies as coasts, excessive collection flowers and bulbs. The landscape value of this geophyte is high with white and fragrant flowers. In addition to their potential usage as ornamental plants, their usage in pharmacology especially in the treatment of cancer, Alzheimer and AIDS due to the medical properties of the modified stems and in other related industries increases their importance. It is also important to protect this genetic resource for biodiversity. In this review, botanical, biological and medicinal properties of P. maritimum as well as potential usage as ornamental plant, threats and importance of this species for Turkey were given and discussed.

Field experiments were carried out during the dry seasons in (2012-2013 and 2013-2014) to study the impact of Integrated Nutrient Management on some soil properties and nutrients uptake by red onion (Allium cepa L.) in Moda, Michika, Adamawa state, Nigeria. Soil samples were randomly collected and analysed for pH, EC, organic carbon, organic matter, total nitrogen, available phosphorus before and at the completion of the experiment. Total nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium contents of the onion bulbs were determined. There was an improvement in the fertility status of the soil as a consequence of integrated nutrient management. Combined organic and inorganic fertilizer application influenced the uptake of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium by red onion. The highest nitrogen, phosphorous and potassium uptake by onions of 0.76, 43.82 and 2.42kgha-1 occurred when all treatments were combined. Uptake of N and K increased as treatment level increased. The P uptake was highest at lower treatment levels and could be linked to sufficiency of indigenous soil P for plant growth resulting in high P uptake with minimal addition of nutrient inputs. Integrated Nutrient Management could be adopted to improve soil fertility status and N, P and K uptake by red onions.

Bu çalışma, etlik piliç rasyonuna ilave edilen fukoksantinin serumda lipid profili ve bazı metabolik parametreler üzerine etkisini belirlemek amacıyla yapılmıştır. Çalışmada toplam 180 adet günlük erkek civciv (Ross 308) kullanılmıştır. Deneme 42 gün sürdürülmüştür. Gruplandırma Kontrol (K), F1 ve F2 grupları şeklinde yapılmıştır ve gruplara bazal rasyona ilave olarak sırasıyla 0, 100 ve 200 mg/kg rasyon fukoksantin katılmıştır. Biyokimyasal analizler çalışmanın sonunda (43. gününde) her gruptan 10 adet hayvandan alınan serum numunelerinde yapılmıştır. Fukoksantin uygulamasının sadece F2 grubunda serum trigliserit (TG) seviyesini arttırdığı, total kolesterol (TK), yüksek yoğunluklu lipoprotein kolesterol (HDL-K) ve düşük yoğunluklu lipoprotein kolesterol (LDL-K) seviyelerini etkilemediği tespit edilmiştir. Serum glikoz, kalsiyum, fosfor ve magnezyum seviyelerinin tüm gruplarda benzer olduğu belirlenmiştir. F2 grubunun total protein ve albümin seviyeleri K grubuna benzer olurken F1 grubuna göre önemli düzeyde azaldığı tespit edilmiştir. Ayrıca F2 grubunun ürik asit seviyesinin K grubuna göre önemli düzeyde azaldığı belirlenmiştir. Sonuç olarak fukoksantinin serum parametrelerini sınırlı düzeyde etkilediği görülmüştür.

2012 yılında yürürlüğe giren 6360 sayılı büyükşehir yasası ile büyükşehirlerde kır kent ayrımı gözetilmeyerek büyükşehir belediyelerinin hizmet götürme alanı il mülki sınırını kapsayacak şekilde genişletilmiştir. Böylece büyükşehir konumunda yer alan illerde tüzel kişiliğe sahip olan köy ve belde yerleşim yerlerinin tüzel kişilikleri kaldırılarak mahalleye dönüştürülmüştür. Durum böyle olunca bugüne kadar kentsel alana yönelik hizmet anlayışına sahip belediyelerin daha önce köy olan mahallelere belediye hizmetlerini götürmek, tarımsal alt yapı hizmetleri, hayvancılık yatırımları ve faaliyetlerini desteklemesi gibi yeni görev alanları ortaya çıkmıştır. Bu çalışma ile 6360 sayılı büyükşehir yasasının kırsal yaşama olası etkileri araştırılmıştır. Bu kapsamda Kocaeli ili Gölcük İlçesine bağlı Nüzhetiye köyü seçilmiştir. Yeni yasa ile artık Nüzhetiye mahallesi olan mahalle sakinlerine, yeni büyükşehir yasasından haberdar olup olmadıkları ve olumlu ya da olumsuz yönde etkilenip etkilenmedikleri sorulmuştur. Elde edilen bulgular ışığında önerilerde bulunulmuştur.

This study focuses on empowering women both in peri-urban and rural areas through mushroom production. It was conducted in Kampala Metropolitan area-Uganda, during October 2016. It focused on estimating profits, conducting benefit-cost analysis/ratio (BCR) and return on investment (ROI), finding reasons as to why women involved in the mushroom production and identifying the constraints of mushroom farming from the perspective of women as well as the possible solutions to the constraints. 29 women were interviewed face to face through the use of the questionnaires. The study revealed an average net profit of 3,464.28 US dollars, BCR of 3.84 and ROI of 2.84 per farm in a period of three months. Our study revealed that mushroom production is a profitable enterprise for women. The major reason for women to involve in mushroom was to earn income. However, a range of other reasons was given such as fast maturity of mushrooms, availability of market, healthy benefits of mushrooms, etc. were the most important reasons. The problems faced by women farmers were ranked from the most pressing problem to the least pressing problem in this order; Low market prices per kilogram of mushroom, scarcity of cotton during some seasons, poor quality mushroom spawn supplied to farmers by breeders, inadequate extension, and advisory services were the most observed problems among others. The suggested solutions were organizing farmers into groups or cooperatives in order to negotiate for better markets locally and abroad together with the help of government, researchers to carry out more research on the suitability of other substrates like bagasse other than relying on only cotton, ensuring that mushroom spawn breeders conform to the set standards of quality spawn production and re-equipping local extension workers with knowledge regarding mushroom production among others.

Land use management requires controlling natural resources for sustainability. Soil erosion related to improper land use is a major issue around the world. Land degradation may harm the health of ecosystems. Defining the soil loss in a basin is the starting point in the restoration of soil quality for crop production. Reducing soil losses to a tolerable rate is one of the primary objectives for sustainability and soil conservation. Central Anatolia is under considerable risk due to an increase in the cultivation of marginal lands for food production. Cultivated lands have already been reached the final limits throughout the last 50 years. Moreover, forests and considerable areas of pasture have recently been converted to ploughed fields due to agricultural expansion. This study was conducted in the Sarısu basin to evaluate soil losses and land use management for sustainability. The Universal Soil Loss Equation model and Geographic Information System techniques were used to estimate the soil losses. The mean potential soil loss of the basin was calculated to be 1.88 t ha-1 per year with the Universal Soil Loss Equation model. These results are comparatively small when compared to the average value for Turkey of 13 t ha-1 yearly. Our calculated results are closer to the value for the Sakarya river basin, which is approximately 2.77 t ha-1 y-1. In this study, land usages in the Sarısu basin were evaluated in terms of soil losses, tolerable soil loss rates and soil conservation precautions.

This paper focus on the seafood consumption attitudes and behaviours of the millennials (Generation Y) and non-millennials (Generation X, Baby Boomers and Silent Generation) comparatively. The data was collected from a face to face survey which was applied to randomly select 407 individuals in the city of Adana, Turkey in November 2016. As a result of factor analysis applied in the study, it was found that Millennials was significantly and inversely correlated with consumption of wild fish and freshwater fish. Non-millennial generation was inversely correlated with consumption of marine fish, freshwater fish and mussels and the correlation is insignificant. According to the results of the chi square test, it was determined that Millennials mostly preferred to consume fresh (unprocessed) fish. Mann-Whitney test results show that they value health and nutrition factors for consumption and there is a significant difference between these two factors. Besides, factors mainly effecting their purchase behaviour of seafood are directed to freshness, seasonality, place of purchase and wild-aquaculture product classification and there are significant differences between these factors. The fact that the Millennial’s average response to consumption and purchasing is higher indicates that they are more cautious.

In this study, fatty acid composition, antioxidant activity, total phenolic compounds (TPC) and oxidative stability of cherry seed (SCO), sweet cherry seed (SCSO), mulberry seed (MSO) and plum seed oil (PSO) were determined. Oleic acid was determined as primary fatty acid (42.9-67.3%), and followed by linoleic acid (23.4-41.8%) for SCO, SCSO and PSO. Linoleic acid was determined as primary fatty acid in MSO. γ-tocopherol was determined the main and highest tocopherol isomers varied from 579.9 to 605 mg/kg oil in SCO, SCSO and PSO, whereas δ-tocopherol was determined main tocopherol isomer with 1354mg/kg oil value in MSO. Plum seed oil (PSO) was the highest antioxidant activity values in both 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2'-azino-bis-(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) assays. There was no significant differences in lipid hydroperoxide and TBARS (2-thiobarbituric acid-reactive substance) formation among SCO, SCSO and MSO. PSO had the highest induction period (15.1 h), followed by MSO (1.4 h), SCSO (1.5 h), SCO(1.3 h). PSO was oxidatively more stable than the other oil samples. This research shows that these waste seed oils have high antioxidant capacity and tocopherol content, so they could be used in food industry.

Phosphates are widely used as food additives in meat products to increase the water-holding capacity, reduce the cooking loss and improve the textural properties. Furthermore, phosphates protect aroma and accelerate the formation of cured meat color as well as having antioxidant and antimicrobial effects. Many research about using phosphates in meat products showed that increasing chain length of phosphates improves antioxidant and antimicrobial effects. It has been stated that vacuum or modified atmosphere packaging, the use of phosphates with natural antioxidants and encapsulation of phosphates are useful approaches to enhance the antioxidant effects of phosphates. It has been reported that irradiation, vacuum or modified atmosphere packaging, storage at low temperature and the use of the salt provide strong synergistic effect on the antimicrobial properties of phosphates. In this review, researches about antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of phosphates and suggestions for the meat industry about industrial applications of phosphates are presented.

Ecological processes that occur in a lake depend on the physico-chemical (abiotic) and biotic factors of the system and the interrelations between them. It can be concluded that the current nutrient loadings from both point and non-point sources are cause to increase eutrophic case over the years. This study indicate that the sustainable utilization of reservoir in combination with proper wastewater treatment plant and controlled use of pesticides has a potential to reduce the current nutrient loadings into Suat Uğurlu Lake. The estimated nutrient reductions that could be achieved from the management scenario would be enough to revert the lake from mesotrophic situation to trophic state. The reduction of nutrient loadings into Suat Uğurlu Lake could be achieved through the practice of Integrated Water Resource Management (IWRM), through good management. However, as long as pertinent issues of urban poverty, watershed management and public awareness and involvement in water related issues are not addressed, trophic in Suat Uğurlu Lake will remain a problem.