Present study was designed to decipher the haemato-biochemical and hormonal profile following bypass nutrient supplementation in Murrah buffaloes during early lactation. Forty Murrah buffaloes just after parturition divided randomly into four equal groups and fed basal diet constituting common green fodder and wheat straw, while two different types of concentrates mixture (CM) having 25 (CM1, for group fed control or bypass fat, BPF diet) and 40 percent (CM2 for group fed bypass protein, BPP and BPP with BPF, BPPF diet) of BPP using variable feed ingredients in CM. Animals of group BPF and BPPF additionally fed 15 g bypass fat (long chain fatty acid of calcium salt) for each kg of milk produced for initial 90 days of lactation. Blood sampling was carried out at 0 day (before starting supplementation) and thereafter at an interval of one month, till 120th day after parturition, to find out the effect of supplementation as well is after effects. Significant reduction (P LT 0.05) in serum urea on day 60 was observed in bypass protein fed groups (BPP and BPPF) remains indicative of efficient nitrogen utilization. Thus overall mean total protein in bypass protein fed groups (BPP and BPPF) was higher (P LT 0.05) than control group. Values of albumin also on day 90 (P LT 0.01), 120 (P LT 0.05) as well as overall mean remained higher (P LT 0.001) in group fed CM high in rumen protected protein (BPP and BPPF) than groups fed low bypass protein CM (control and BPF). Supplementation of BPPF improved (P LT 0.05) overall mean cholesterol level as compared to control. Reduction (P LT 0.05) in low density lipoprotein values was observed on day 60 in BPF group as compared to others, while overall mean high density lipoprotein (HDL) in bypass protein fed groups (BPP and BPPF) was found to be higher (P LT 0.01) as compared to others. IGF-1and BHBA showed non-significant difference in all treated groups at different intervals in addition of haematological parameters. It may be concluded that feeding of bypass protein (BPP and BPPF) improved serum overall total protein, albumin, cholesterol and HDL in post-parturient Murrah buffaloes during early lactation.

The present study was planned for investigations on epidemiology, clinco-biochemical and radiological aspects and therapeutic management of osteomalacia in buffaloes. Overall hospital incidence of osteomalcia in buffaloes was 8.31 percent with higher incidence during mid lactation in high yielding buffaloes exclusively fed on dry fodder. The characteristic clinical signs observed were progressive loss of body weight, shifting lameness, stiff gait, arching of back as well as difficulty in lifting chest portion and keeping on knee joint for longer time while getting up. Significant decrease in hemoglobin, total erythrocyte count and haematocrit while increase in MCV and granulocyte count was observed in affected buffaloes as compared to healthy buffaloes. Highly significant decrease in mean plasma inorganic phosphorus, significant decrease in calcium and highly significant increase in alkaline phosphatase levels was observed in osteomalacia affected buffaloes. Radiographic examination revealed proliferation of osteophytes in carpal bones, demineralization of canon bones and osteolytic changes indicated by decreased radiographic density in last few coccygeal vertebrae. For evaluating the efficacy of different treatment modalities in osteomalacia, ailing buffaloes were divided in to three groups (n=10). Group I, II and III buffaloes were treated with mineral mixture, buffered phosphorus and buffered phosphorus with mineral mixture respectively. The overall recovery period was significantly lower (27.1+-4.05 days) in Group III compared to Group II (39.2+-4.2 days) and Group I (40.5+-3.72 days) buffaloes. On the basis of recovery period and restoration of biochemical parameters combined treatment with parenteral buffered phosphorus preparation and mineral mixture proved most effective in management of osteomalacia in buffaloes.

A study was carried out to 24 buffalos, comprising 18 buffaloes having Cervico-Vaginal Prolapse and 6 normal pregnant buffaloes (above 7 months) on clinical cases brought to the Department of Veterinary Gynaecology and Obstetrics, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Mhow, College dairy farm and Villages in and around Mhow to compare haemato-biochemical profile in normal and Cervico vaginal prolapsed buffaloes. Blood samples were collected initially before treatment (Day 0) and after treatment on 7th day. Haemato-biochemical parameters (haemoglobin, total leukocyte count, differential leukocyte count, serum calcium, and serum phosphorus, Serum magnesium (Mg)) were estimated and compared between control and treatment group animals. The mean values of serum calcium and inorganic phosphorus were significantly (P LT 0.01) lower in cervico vaginal affected buffaloes on day of prolapse (Day 0) which restored to nearly normal on the 7th day after treatment, though statistically significant variation was not observed.

The present study was designed to investigate the incidence of retention of fetal membranes (RFM) on 605 buffaloes at 2nd to 5th calving with normal calving, premature birth and abortion. The normally calved buffaloes with retention of fetal membranes (after 12 h) were randomly classified in treatment (n = 6) and control (n = 6) groups. The buffaloes in treatment group were administered Dinoprost (PGF2 alpha analogue, 25 mg), Meloxicam (anti-inflammatory drug 0.5 mg/kg body weight,), Oxytetracycline (Broadspectrum antibiotics, 5 mg/kg body weight) intramuscularly and intravenous calcium therapy (Calcium gluconate, 1.86 percent w/v, Magnesium hypophosphite, 5 percent w/v, Dextrose anhydrous, 20 percent w/v, Chlorocresol 0.1 percent w/v, 450 ml) after 12 after calving. The incidence of retention of fetal membranes in buffaloes was 9.98 percent, 34.61 percent and 46.87 percent in normal calving, premature birth and abortion, respectively. The overall incidence of RFM was 14.04 percent. There was significant rise in the level of calcium (P LT 0.01), phosphorus (P LT 0.05) and magnesium (P LT 0.05) on day 30 and day 45 in treatment than control group. However, there was no significant difference observed in level of glucose, NEFA and progesterone between treatment and control group on day 0, 30 and 45. RFM is considered as one of the major problem with higher incidence in premature birth and abortions by ultimately affecting the reproductive efficiency in buffaloes.