This study was conducted to analyze the consequence of prill fat and rumen protected choline (RPC) supplementation on performance of lactating Murrah buffaloes. Murrah buffaloes (n=18) were distributed into three groups (Control, T1 and T2) having six buffaloes in each, based on milk yield, fat per cent and stage of lactation. During the experimental period of 90 days, buffaloes in all the three groups were fed same basal diet, containing green fodder (Berseem), wheat straw and concentrate mixture to meet their requirements for maintenance and milk production. Buffaloes in Group T1 were daily supplemented with prill fat 2.5 percent of total DMI whereas; buffaloes in Group T2 were daily supplemented with 54 g rumen protected choline along with same quantity of prill fat fed as in Group T1. In contrast to the control group, overall milk yield (kg) of lactating Murrah buffaloes was significantly (P LT 0.01) increased by 0.99 and 1.78 kg in Group T1 and T2. The average 4 percent FCM (kg/d), ECM (kg/d) and fat yield (kg/d) was significantly (P LT 0.01) higher in Group T2 followed by Group T1 and Group control. There was no significant difference in milk composition of buffaloes except milk fat (percent) and total solids (percent) which were improved significantly (P LT 0.01) in supplemented groups. It was observed that prill fat supplementation in the ration helped to make better performance of early lactating Murrah buffaloes by enhanced milk yield and fat percent which can be further increased by supplementing the ration with rumen protected choline. Overall milk yield (kg) of lactating Murrah buffaloes was significantly (p LT 0.01) increased by 0.99 and 1.78 kg in T1 and T2 groups, as compared to the control group. The average 4 percent FCM (kg/d), ECM (kg/d) and fat yield (kg/d) was significantly (p LT 0.01) higher in T2 group followed by T1 and control group. There was no significant difference in milk composition of buffaloes except milk fat (percent) and total solids (percent) which were improved significantly (p LT 0.01) in supplemented groups. It was concluded that prill fat supplementation in the ration helped in improving performance of early lactating Murrah buffaloes by increasing milk yield and fat percent which can be further enhanced by supplementing the ration with rumen protected choline.

The present study was undertaken (1) to characterize the FA composition particularly on the concentration of conjugated linoleic acid (2) to investigate of physicochemical properties of Anatolian water buffalo milk, and from six different provinces in Turkey. The fat amount in water buffalo milk samples were in the range of 5.97+-0.30 percent to 9.19+-0.57 percent and the mean fat was 6.96+-0.25 percent. The main individual FA in water buffalo milk were in the order 16:0, 18:1 cis-9, 14:0, and 18:0. The CLA, bovinic acid (cis-9, trans-11), represented 1.09+-0.06 in water buffalo milk. Saturated fatty acids (SFA) were the potent fraction in water buffalo milk fat (70.63+-0.7), MUFA and PUFA were 29.37+-0.7 and 0.2+-0.03, respectively. The data exhibit statistically differences (P LT= 0.05) in the proportions of individual FA were detected among different provinces in Turkey. Anatolian water buffalos were poor in terms polyunsaturated FA compared to other water buffalos from different countries. Therefore, these results may provide useful information about the nutrient composition of buffalo milk and further studies are warranted to improve the technological and nutritional characteristics of Anatolian buffalo milk.

A case-control study was conducted to identify the factors associated with the success or failure of artificial insemination (AI) of buffaloes in Baybay City, Leyte, Philippines. The cow-calf pair was used as the unit of interest in this study regardless of breed and number of buffalo cows the farmers own. Of the 24 selected barangays, an equal number of cases (38 failed AI) and control (38 successful AI) were selected from 78 farmercooperators of the Philippine Carabao Center (PCC) AI program and data were collected using a questionnaire. On the one hand, our study found that every year increment beyond the age at first breeding of the cow could predispose the animals to fail by as much as 2.5 times when compared to younger cows. On the other hand, a monthly increment in the calf weaning age may increase the likelihood of AI success by as much as 50 percent. These results imply that the age at first breeding must be conscientiously considered to allow optimal sexual and physical maturity of the breeding cows while ensuring that first breeding does not occur with too much delay. Moreover, while more mature calves have higher chances of success at weaning, provision of wallow during pregnancy also appears to support AI success as an effective method of cooling.

A case of dystocia in a Murrah buffalo due to Schistosomus reflexus monster is reported and discussed here.

Present case report deals with a rare case of dystocia due to foetal scoliosis (lateral curvature of lumbar region of vertebral column), dwarfism (short body length) and arthrogryposis (deformed joints of limbs) and its successful management through pervaginum.

The present clinical study describes successful surgical management of a rectal stricture due to circumferential fibroma (fibrous ring) in two recently calved adult buffaloes. Both buffaloes had a chronic history of straining while defecation with no rectal prolapse. At presentation, these buffaloes were passing scanty and pasty feces. Per rectal examination revealed rectal stricture due to demarkable circumferential fibrous ring which was later histopathologically diagnosed as fibroma in the sub mucosa of the rectum. Surgical resection of the fibrous ring was done under caudal epidural anesthesia. Both buffaloes recovered uneventfully and no recurrence of this condition was observed on long term follow up of 4 years and six months, respectively.

Foot and mouth disease is among the top listed livestock diseases causing severe economic losses. The aim of the present study was to determine the seroprevalence of FMD and detection of FMD virus shedding in milk of apparently healthy buffaloes and cattle of Pakistan. A total of 30 dairy farms were selected and registered in rural areas of Punjab consisting of minimum 15 animals. A total of 180 serum samples were collected and subjected to Non structural proteins (NSP) ELISA. The milk of sero-positive animals were collected and detected for the presence of FMD virus using reverse transcriptase PCR (RT-PCR). The results of current study showed overall seroprevalence 71.66 percent (129/180) with 65.38 percent in buffaloes and 76.47 percent in cattle. The FMD virus was detected in 24.03 percent (31/129) of sero positive samples. Among the FMD virus positive samples 65.51 percent belongs to serotype O and 35.48 percent belongs to Asia I, while none of the other serotypes were detected. The detection of FMD virus from the milk of apparently healthy buffaloes and cattle is an alarming situation and it may be considered as a potential role in the transmission of FMD.

This study is aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of forage and balanced concentrate in diet or nutritional contents and nutrient digestibilities of feed, feed consumption, an average daily gain, and feed efficiency in buffaloes. This study used a completely randomized design with 4 replicates. The diet treatments were: (R1), 100 percent native grass, (R2), 70 percent native grass + 30 percent concentrate. (R3), 60 percent native grass + 40 percent concentrate (R4) 50 percent native grass + 50 percent concentrate. The experimental results showed that the amount of concentrates, significantly affected (P LT 0.05) the contents of dry matter, organic matter, and crude fiber. However, the crude protein, crude fats, digestibilityies of dry matter and organic matter of the contents were not significantly affected P LT 0.05). It could be concluded that the addition of concentrated ration to buffaloes provides better productivity than field grass, with the best treatment being the R2.

During the last years buffalo reproductive researchers have been tried to develop and apply fixed timed artificial insemination protocols to increase pregnancy rates to maximize improvement. The objective of this paper is to evaluate the pregnancy rates of different protocols of synchronization (Ovsynch and progesterone implants) and resynchronization of ovulation in a meat water buffalo herd during reproductive season of 2016. 194 mature Mediterranean females, were randomly assigned to four different protocols, ultrasound evaluation were used to determine cyclicity (presence of corpus luteum or follicles GT= 7 mm de diameter). 18 days after insemination all females were resynchronized and at day 25 ultrasound were performed, those nonpregnant females were inseminated 28 days after first insemination. All inseminations were performed by the same technician and only one bull was used. InfoStat software was used, statistical significance was considered when p value was lower than α of the 5 percent. No statistical significance were found within the protocols. Early embryonic dead 50 days after IA was 3.4 percent. Pregnancy rate was 47.9 percent and 53.5 percent for insemination and reinsemination respectively and the final pregnancy rate after the adjust for early pregnancy loss 73.2 percent, during the 28 days of the breeding period. The results obtained allow breeders to choose the best pharmacological option to use FTAI in their herds based on their own needs to improve production without affecting pregnancy rates.

The aim of present study was to evaluate efficacy of Modified Co-Synch Plus Protocol with or without progesterone device for estrus induction, progesterone concentration and conception rate in Murrah buffaloes under field conditions during summer season. The study was conducted using 30 postpartum anestrus Murrah buffaloes divided in two groups. In Group 1 (n=15), the buffaloes were administered with PMSG 400 IU on -3 day, Buserelin acetate 10 micro g, on day 0, cloprostenol 500 micro g, on day 7, and on day 9 h CG 2000 IU. Thereafter, timed artificial insemination (TAI) was done at the time of h CG injection and 24 h later once again. In Group 2 (n=15), the buffaloes were treated with same protocol as Group 1, in addition to progesterone device, which was placed in vagina on day 0 and was removed on day 7 of the protocol. Thereafter, TAI was done as in Group 1. Plasma Progesterone concentration was estimated during the different days (-3, 0, 7, 9 and 10 day) of protocol. The estrus induction rate was 86.6 percent and 100 percent in Group 1 and Group 2 respectively showing very good estrus (46 percent), good estrus (30.7 percent) and poor estrus (23.07 percent) in Group 1 while very good estrus (46.6 percent), good estrus (40 percent) and poor estrus (13.4 percent) in Group 2. The conception rates in Group 1 and 2, at FTAI and overall including subsequent estrus were 46.2 percent and 61.53 percent and 53.33 percent and 73.33 percent respectively. The plasma progesterone concentrations were higher (P LT 0.05) on day 7 in Group 2 than Group 1 (4.16+-0.32 vs 2.30+-0.24 ng/ml). Both two protocol treatment during non breeding season resulted in very good estrus induction and acceptable conception rate in anestrous buffaloes.