Abstract Food self-sufficiency is a relevant political issue in many countries, developed and developing, particularly to satisfy the internal nutritional needs of the population and face situations in which the prices of basic products are unstable or when a country faces an external shock. Improving resilience involves strengthening local rural communities to meet demand with domestic production. The member countries of Latin America and the Caribbean (LCN) produce enough food to sustain their population and to be one of the world's largest food exporters. From the theoretical discussion and using data from FAO, the research shows that there is a potential to improve food sovereignty and to define food and agricultural policies through agricultural complementarity among the LCN countries. Diverting part of the current trade with third parties to intraregional trade, for products in which the region has a comparative advantage, would mean that LCN countries could save up to 2.7 billion dollars per year, that is, 6.8% of total imports of food in 2018, avoiding the outflow of foreign currency and promoting greater economic integration between countries.

Este artigo constitui uma revisão das principais questões teóricas e empíricas atinentes às interfaces econômicas entre agricultura, meio ambiente e comércio, em geral, e para o Brasil em particular. Ao longo dos anos, diante da multiplicidade de resultados desencontrados observados na literatura, tornou-se cada vez mais claro o papel desempenhado pelas especificidades setoriais e regionais nesse campo de estudo. A tendência ao emprego de métodos e processos produtivos com elevado potencial degradante ao meio ambiente, observada em segmentos importantes da agricultura brasileira, além de gerar desdobramentos internos pouco desprezíveis, contribui para situar o País na alça de mira de movimentos ambientalistas internacionais. Ainda, dificulta a inserção de seus produtos no mercado internacional, cada vez mais reflexo das questões ambientais globais. Conclui-se pela necessidade de definição de políticas ambientais sinérgicas, capazes de dotar a agricultura brasileira de padrões mais sustentáveis de produção, sem comprometer sua competitividade. | This article provides a review of the major theoretical and empirical issues related to the economic interfaces between agriculture, environment and trade, in general, and particularly to Brazil. Over the years, given the multiplicity of controversial results registered in the literature, it became increasingly clear the role played by the sector and regional specificities in this field of study. The trend of adopting processes and methods potentially and highly degrading to environment, noticed in important segments of Brazilian agriculture, besides generating domestic effects rather negligible, contributes to place the country on the handle of sight of the international environmental groups. Moreover, it hampers the acceptance of national goods in the international market, increasingly reflecting the global environmental issues. Conclusively, it is necessary to define synergistic environmental policies, capable of providing more sustainable patterns of production to the Brazilian agriculture, without compromising their competitiveness.