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MORPHOMETRIC DESCRIPTORS AND PHYSIOLOGICAL SEED QUALITY FOR SELECTING Aspidosperma pyrifolium Mart. MATRIX TREES Full text
2019
CORREIA, LUIZ AUGUSTO DA SILVA | FELIX, FRANCIVAL CARDOSO | ARAÚJO, FERNANDO DOS SANTOS | FERRARI, CIBELE DOS SANTOS | PACHECO, MAURO VASCONCELOS
ABSTRACT Aspidosperma pyrifolium Mart. (Apocynaceae) is a tree species with high ecological and economic potential. Therefore, the need to select trees for producing high-quality seeds is evident. In this sense, the objective of this study was to select A. pyrifolium matrices based on the morphometric descriptors of fruits and seeds and the physiological quality of seeds from a natural population. For this, 11 A. pyrifolium trees were selected, and their fruits and seeds were submitted to biometric analysis; in addition, the physiological quality of the seeds was evaluated. The morphometric characteristics of fruits and seeds and the physiological quality of the seeds evidenced differences and variations among the seeds of the different A. pyrifolium trees, making it possible to group them according to the similarity degree. Thus, seven trees were selected as seed matrices based on superior physiological quality and genetic dissimilarity. | RESUMO Aspidosperma pyrifolium Mart. (Apocynaceae) é uma espécie arbórea com elevado potencial ecológico e econômico, por isso, evidencia-se a necessidade de seleção de árvores para a produção de sementes de alta qualidade. Nesse sentido, o objetivo deste estudo foi selecionar matrizes de A. pyrifolium com base nos descritores morfométricos de frutos e de sementes e na qualidade fisiológica de sementes provenientes de uma população natural. Para isso, onze árvores de A. pyrifolium foram selecionadas, cujos frutos e sementes foram submetidos à análise biométrica, bem como realizada a avaliação da qualidade fisiológica das sementes. Os caracteres morfométricos de frutos e de sementes, e a qualidade fisiológica das sementes evidenciaram diferenças e variações entre as sementes oriundas das diferentes árvores de A. pyrifolium, tornando possível agrupá-las conforme o grau de similaridade. Assim, foram selecionadas sete árvores como matrizes produtoras de sementes baseado na qualidade fisiológica superior e na maior dissimilaridade genética.
Show more [+] Less [-]MORPHOPHYSIOLOGICAL AND PRODUCTIVE RESPONSES OF SUNFLOWER VARIETIES TO IRRIGATION Full text
2018
SIMÕES, WELSON LIMA | DRUMOND, MARCOS ANTONIO | OLIVEIRA, ANDERSON RAMOS DE | GONÇALVES, SÉRGIO LUIZ | GUIMARÃES, MIGUEL JULIO MACHADO
MORPHOPHYSIOLOGICAL AND PRODUCTIVE RESPONSES OF SUNFLOWER VARIETIES TO IRRIGATION Full text
2018
SIMÕES, WELSON LIMA | DRUMOND, MARCOS ANTONIO | OLIVEIRA, ANDERSON RAMOS DE | GONÇALVES, SÉRGIO LUIZ | GUIMARÃES, MIGUEL JULIO MACHADO
RESUMO As altas taxas de luminosidade e elevadas temperaturas médias anuais da região semiárida do Brasil, associadas ao uso de irrigação e à adaptabilidade da cultura do girassol ao clima local podem favorecer o aumento da produtividade, devido à aceleração dos seus processos morfofisiológicos. Assim, objetivou-se avaliar o desempenho morfofisiológico e produtivo de variedades de girassol, sob cultivo irrigado por gotejamento, no Submédio São Francisco. O experimento foi desenvolvido no Campo Experimental da Embrapa Semiárido, em Petrolina, PE, em delineamento de blocos casualizados, sendo os tratamentos representados por 21 variedades de girassol, com quatro repetições. As variáveis analisadas foram: período de floração, altura, número de folhas, diâmetro do caule e do capítulo, número de plantas acamadas e quebradas, curvatura do caule, índice relativo de clorofila, fotossíntese, condutância estomática, transpiração, temperatura média foliar, peso de 1000 aquênios e produtividade das variedades de girassol. Verificou-se que o tempo de floração varia de 43 a 59 dias após o plantio, a altura das plantas de 1,0 a 1,4 m, o diâmetro dos capítulos de 0,154 a 0,221 m, o teor de clorofila de 30,8 a 33,98 e o peso de 1000 aquênios de 35,61 a 80,30 g nas variedades de girassol avaliadas. As variedades V7 e V8 se destacam por apresentarem produtividade acima de 2.960 kg de aquênios por hectare e baixo número de plantas acamadas e quebradas, indicando maior adaptabilidade ao cultivo irrigado na região do Submédio São Francisco. | ABSTRACT The high luminosity rates and high annual average temperatures of the Brazilian semiarid region, combined with the use of irrigation and adaptability of the sunflower crop to local climate, favor increased achene yield due to acceleration of morphophysiological processes. The objective of this work was to evaluate the morphophysiological and productive characteristics of sunflower varieties grown under drip irrigation in the Sub-Mid São Francisco River Valley. The experiment was conducted in the Experimental Field of the Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (Embrapa Semiarid), in Petrolina, State of Pernambuco, Brazil, in a randomized block design, with 21 sunflower varieties and four replications. The variables evaluated were flowering time, plant height, number of live leaves, stem and capitulum diameter, number of lodged and broken plants, stem curvature, relative chlorophyll index, photosynthesis, stomatal conductance, transpiration, average leaf temperature, 1000-achene weight and achene yield of the sunflower varieties. The treatments presented flowering time of 43 to 59 days after sowing, plant height of 1.0 to 1.4 m, capitulum diameter of 0.154 to 0.221 m, chlorophyll content of 30.8 to 33.98 Spad units and 1000-achene weight of 35.61 to 80.30 g. The sunflower varieties V7 and V8 stood out, with achene yields above 2,960 kg ha-1 and low number of lodged and broken plants, indicating a greater adaptability irrigation crops in the Sub-Mid São Francisco River Valley.
Show more [+] Less [-]MORPHOPHYSIOLOGICAL AND PRODUCTIVE RESPONSES OF SUNFLOWER VARIETIES TO IRRIGATION Full text
2018
WELSON LIMA SIMÕES | MARCOS ANTONIO DRUMOND | ANDERSON RAMOS DE OLIVEIRA | SÉRGIO LUIZ GONÇALVES | MIGUEL JULIO MACHADO GUIMARÃES
The high luminosity rates and high annual average temperatures of the Brazilian semiarid region, combined with the use of irrigation and adaptability of the sunflower crop to local climate, favor increased achene yield due to acceleration of morphophysiological processes. The objective of this work was to evaluate the morphophysiological and productive characteristics of sunflower varieties grown under drip irrigation in the Sub-Mid São Francisco River Valley. The experiment was conducted in the Experimental Field of the Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (Embrapa Semiarid), in Petrolina, State of Pernambuco, Brazil, in a randomized block design, with 21 sunflower varieties and four replications. The variables evaluated were flowering time, plant height, number of live leaves, stem and capitulum diameter, number of lodged and broken plants, stem curvature, relative chlorophyll index, photosynthesis, stomatal conductance, transpiration, average leaf temperature, 1000-achene weight and achene yield of the sunflower varieties. The treatments presented flowering time of 43 to 59 days after sowing, plant height of 1.0 to 1.4 m, capitulum diameter of 0.154 to 0.221 m, chlorophyll content of 30.8 to 33.98 Spad units and 1000-achene weight of 35.61 to 80.30 g. The sunflower varieties V7 and V8 stood out, with achene yields above 2,960 kg ha-1 and low number of lodged and broken plants, indicating a greater adaptability irrigation crops in the Sub-Mid São Francisco River Valley.
Show more [+] Less [-]CALCIUM SILICATE AS SALT STRESS ATTENUATOR IN SEEDLINGS OF YELLOW PASSION FRUIT cv. BRS GA1 Full text
2020
SOUZA, TARSO MORENO ALVES DE | MENDONÇA, VANDER | SÁ, FRANCISCO VANIES DA SILVA | SILVA, MEDSON JANER DA | DOURADO, CAÍQUE SANTOS TOMÉ
RESUMO O estresse salino ocasiona perda no rendimento das culturas, principalmente aquelas de grande importância econômica e socioalimentar, como o maracujazeiro. Com isso, objetivou-se nesta pesquisa avaliar os efeitos da adubação com silicato de cálcio na mitigação do estresse salino em mudas de maracujazeiro amarelo. O experimento foi conduzido em ambiente protegido, no delineamento experimental de blocos casualizados, arranjados em esquema fatorial 4 x 3, referente a quatro concentrações de silicato de cálcio (0; 2,22; 4,44 e 6,66 g por planta) e três níveis de salinidade da água de irrigação - CEa (0,5; 1,7 e 4,0 dS m-1), com quatro repetições, considerando como unidade experimental cinco plantas. As mudas da cultivar BRS GA1 foram produzidas em recipientes com capacidade para 0,5 dm3, preenchidos com a mistura de solo, areia lavada e esterco bovino curtido, na proporção 1:1:1 (v:v). As plantas receberam aplicações de silicato de cálcio conforme as doses estudadas em três parcelas, aos 30, 45 e 60 dias após a semeadura. Aos 90 dias após a semeadura às plantas foram avaliadas quanto ao crescimento e acúmulo de biomassa. A utilização de água com salinidade de 4,0 dS m-1 restringiu o crescimento e o acúmulo de biomassa das mudas de maracujazeiro. O uso de silicato de cálcio na dose de 3,5 g por planta mitiga o estresse salino em mudas de maracujazeiro cultivar BRS GA1 quando irrigadas com água salina. | ABSTRACT Salt stress causes losses in the yields of crops, especially those of great economic and social-food importance, such as passion fruit. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of fertilization with calcium silicate on the mitigation of salt stress in yellow passion fruit seedlings. The experiment was conducted in a protected environment, in a randomized block design, arranged in a 4 x 3 factorial scheme, referring to four concentrations of calcium silicate (0; 2.22; 4.44 and 6.66 g per plant) and three levels of irrigation water salinity - ECw (0.5; 1.7 and 4.0 dS m-1), with four replicates, considering five plants as experimental unit. BRS GA1 seedlings were produced in 0.5-dm3 containers filled with a mixture of soil, washed sand and aged bovine manure, in a ratio of 1:1:1 (v:v:v). Plants received calcium silicate applications according to the studied doses in three plots, at 30, 45 and 60 days after sowing. At 90 days after sowing, plants were evaluated for growth and biomass accumulation. The use of water with salinity of 4.0 dS m-1 restricted the growth and biomass accumulation of passion fruit seedlings. The use of calcium silicate at dose of 3.5 g per plant mitigates salt stress in seedlings of passion fruit cultivar BRS GA1 when irrigated with saline water.
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