ABSTRACT: Cotton boll weevil, Anthonomus grandis Boheman (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), is one of the most limiting factors for cotton crop expansion. It presents different biological and behavioral aspects that ensure its success on this agroecosystem. This research aimed to identify pollen sources used by this insect during harvest and intercrop periods of cotton cultivations in Iuiu and Correntina - BA, Brazil; moreover, evaluating Caatinga and Cerrado neighboring areas. Adult insect samplings were made from February to September of 2013, through pheromone traps. Samples were analyzed to identify the pollen types inside the digestive system of insects. The results indicated that the pest explores 22 botanical families as nourishment source, from which 16 in Caatinga and five in Cerrado. Regarding crop samples, eight genera were found in Iuiu and Correntina, being three found in both areas (Angelonia, Mimosa and Myrcia sp.1). Pollen from 26 genera were identified for Caatinga and six for Cerrado, with three genera in common for both (Myrcia sp.2, Eucalyptus, and Mimosa). The boll weevil uses alternative sources of food within the main cotton growing regions in Bahia State, highlighting the Caatinga with most of the botanical families and genera explored by the pest. | RESUMO: O bicudo-do-algodoeiro (Anthonomus grandis Boheman) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) é um dos principais fatores limitantes para a expansão da cultura do algodão. Ele apresenta diferentes aspectos biológicos e comportamentais que garantem seu sucesso na exploração do agroecossistema algodoeiro. O objetivo deste trabalho foi identificar os recursos alimentares utilizados pelo bicudo na safra e entressafra de cultivos de algodão localizados nos municípios de Iuiu e Correntina (BA) e em ambientes de Caatinga e Cerrado, contíguos aos algodoais, respectivamente. As coletas dos adultos foram realizadas no período de fevereiro a setembro/2013 por meio de armadilhas com feromônio. As amostras foram processadas para identificação dos tipos polínicos encontrados no aparelho digestivo dos insetos. Os resultados indicaram que a praga explora 22 famílias botânicas como fonte de alimento, das quais 16 na Caatinga e 5 no Cerrado. Nos bicudos coletados em algodão foram encontrados 8 gêneros botânicos em Iuiu e 10 em Correntina, sendo apenas três coincidentes aos dois cultivos (Angelonia, Mimosa e Myrcia sp.1). Grãos de Pólen de 26 gêneros de plantas foram identificados para Caatinga e 6 para o Cerrado, ocorrendo três gêneros comuns às duas áreas (Myrcia sp.2, Eucalyptus e Mimosa). O bicudo explora fontes alternativas de alimento nas principais regiões produtoras de algodão da Bahia, com destaque para a Caatinga, que apresenta maior quantidade de famílias e gêneros botânicos utilizados pela praga.

RESUMO: Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o crescimento vegetativo e a produtividade da bananeira cv. "Nanicão" cultivada sobre coberturas de solo com leguminosas herbáceas perenes no semiárido. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos casualizados, com quatro repetições, em esquema de parcelas subsubdivididas no tempo, sendo nas parcelas o fator "A" constituído por três manejos de cobertura do solo, pelas leguminosas cudzu tropical ( Calopogonium mucunoides ), calopogônio ( Pueraria phaseoloides ) e solo descoberto (solo capinado), fator "B" nas subparcelas e plantas de bananeiras em três idades morfofisiológicas (diferentes ciclos e tamanhos), e o fator "C" datas das coletas nas subparcelas. O cultivo de bananeira em solo sob cobertura viva com calopogônio e cudzu tropical na região do semiárido promoveu aumento no número e peso do fruto, pencas e cachos. | ABSTRACT: This work aimed to evaluate the growth and yield of banana cv. "Nanicão", in intercropping with live coverage crops in the semi-arid region. The experiment was analysed as a randomized complete block with four replications. The experiment used a split-plot design, and some variables were sub-subdivided over time. In the plots, factor "A", made of three management strategies of soil cover - the leguminous, calopo and tropical kudzu, and bare soil (hoed soil); Factor "B", on the sub-plots, banana plants in three morphophysiological ages (different cycles and sizes) and factor "C", dates of collections in the sub-plots. The cultivation of banana cv. Nanicão in soil under live coverage with calopo and tropical kudzu in the semi-arid region promotes an increase in the number of fruits, fruit weight and bunches.

ABSTRACT Cactus seeds in seasonal dry tropical forests are subject to several stressors, such as salt stress which limits imbibition and therefore germination. Thus, this study aimed to compare germination performance of Cereus jamacaru subsp. jamacaru and Pilosocereus pachycladus subsp. pernambucoensis seeds under salinity conditions. To this end, NaCl and KCl solutions were used in the following osmotic potentials: 0.0 (control),-0.2,-0.4,-0.6,-0.8,-1.0, and-1.2 MPa. Seeds were placed to germinate at 25 °C and 12-hour photoperiod. The number of germinated seeds was counted daily for 21 days after root protrusion. The variables analyzed were: water content, germination, normal seedlings, germination speed index, and average germination time. The experimental design was completely randomized, following a 2 × 7 factorial scheme (species × osmotic potential) for each saline source. Water restriction and ionic effect caused by salts favored seed germination and vigor in both species at-0.2 and-0.4 MPa. However, from-0.8 MPa onwards, germination decreased significantly for both salts. Seeds of C. jamacaru subsp. jamacaru and P. pachycladus subsp. pernambucoensis were tolerant to salt stress since they germinated up to-0.8 MPa (NaCl) and-1.2 MPa (KCl). The latter occurred only for P. pachycladus subsp. pernambucoensis.

ABSTRACT The aim of the present study was to determine the beekeeping potential of Croton heliotropiifolius Kunth (Euphorbiaceae) based on flowering strategy, floral characteristics, available floral resources, and the individuals frequencies and foraging activities of Apis mellifera L. on its flowers in Fazenda Ingazeira, Brazil. Each C. heliotropiifolius plant possessed inconspicuous diclinous flowers clustered into 560 ± 60 dense terminal inflorescences containing 59 ± 12 pistillate and 160 ± 26 staminate flowers. Although both types of flowers produced nectar (pistillate: 2.8 ± 0.8 μL ; staminate: 0.3 ± 0.06 μL ), A. mellifera workers mostly visited staminate flowers (98%) during the peak visitation period (08:00-11:00 h). Moreover, during the foraging period, each plant produced approximately 5.376 × 10 8 pollen grains, ensuring approximately 33 visitation cycles from a colony of A mellifera workers that picked up an average of 405 pollen grains per visit per flower. Further, C. heliotropiifolius showed an annual cornucopia flowering strategy with high flower production for five months, which is an important characteristic that ensures floral resource availability in the environment. These findings suggest that C. heliotropiifolius has a great potential for apiculture in this region.

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of the conversion of secondary native vegetation (NV) to conventional systems (agriculture and pasture) in soil organic carbon (SOC) and carbon of fractions particulate organic matter (POM) and mineral-associated organic matter (MAOM) in the Brazilian semi-arid region. The study was carried out in the municipalities of Delmiro Gouveia, Inhapi and Pariconha, in Alagoas, Brazil. Soils were collected in the layers of 0-0.1, 0.1-0.2 and 0.2-0.3 m. The treatments analyzed were: agricultural crops with 4, 15 and 30 years and pasture with 10 years. As a reference, the secondary Caatinga was used. The results show that in soils with sandy texture (Neossolos Quartzarênico and Regolítico – Arenosols and Regosols, respectively), there were reductions in SOC levels and carbon in the compartment associated with minerals. The inverse can be observed in the clay-textured Argissolo (Acrisols), with 30 years of cultivation, in which there was an increase in SOC and C in the quantitative fractions of soil organic matter. In addition, despite the sandy texture of the Neossolo Regolítico, POM levels were increased in the pasture system in comparison to native vegetation, but it was not enough to recover the original SOC content of this system.