ABSTRACT Sweet potato is one of the most important foods in the world. Among the different cultivated genotypes, it is worth highlighting those with orange pulp due to their ability to supply adequate amounts of provitamin A carotenoids to humans. This study evaluates the effect of potassium and phosphorus fertiliser application on carotenoid yield in sweet potatoes. Two experiments were carried out in São Luis City, Maranhão State, Brazil. The experimental design was a randomised block design, with six treatments for each of the studies (0, 30, 60, 90, 120 and 150 kg ha-1 K2O and 0, 60, 120, 180, 240 and 300 kg ha-1 P2O5), with four replicates. Cultivar 'Beauregard' was used, which has high levels of carotenoids. Roots were harvested at 123 days after planting for both experiments. The following variables were evaluated: root fresh and dry weight, dry weight content, in addition to the yield and contents of total carotenoids, α-carotene, β-carotene, 13-cis β-carotene and 9-cis β-carotene. With the average data of the evaluated characteristics, we performed analysis of variance and polynomial regression analysis. Potassium rates influenced carotenoid yield in sweet potato roots, with the rates of 73 to 77 kg ha-1 K2O being recommended to maximise the production of total carotenoids, β-carotene, and α-carotene. Phosphorus, in turn, influenced only total carotenoids, and is recommended at the rate of 174.09 kg ha-1 P2O5 to maximise the production of these nutrients. | RESUMO A batata-doce é um dos alimentos de maior importância no mundo. Dentre os diferentes genótipos cultivados, merece destaque aqueles de polpa alaranjada, devido a sua capacidade de fornecer quantidades adequadas de carotenóides pró-vitamina A aos seres humanos. Assim, objetiva-se com o desenvolvimento deste trabalho avaliar o efeito de adubação com potássio e fósforo sobre os teores e produtividade de carotenóides em batata-doce. Foram realizados dois experimentos em São Luis, no Maranhão em delineamento em blocos ao acaso, sendo seis tratamentos para cada um dos estudos (0, 30, 60, 90, 120 e 150 de kg ha-1 de K2O, e 0, 60, 120, 180, 240 e 300 kg ha-1de P2O5), com quatro repetições. Foi utilizada a cultivar ‘Beauregard’, que possui altos teores de carotenóides. Aos 123 dias após plantio, para ambos os experimentos, foram realizadas as colheitas das raízes, avaliando: massa fresca e seca da raiz, teor de massa seca, teores e produtividade de carotenóides totais, α-caroteno, β-caroteno, 13-cis β-caroteno e 9-cis β-caroteno. Com os dados médios das características avaliadas, realizou-se análise de variância e análise de regressão polinomial. Doses de potássio influenciaram a rendimento de carotenóides em raízes de batata-doce, sendo recomendada as doses de 73 a 77 kg ha-1 de K2O para maximizar a produção de carotenóides totais, ß-caroteno e ɒ-caroteno. Para fósforo houve influência somente para carotenóides totais, sendo recomendada a de 174,09 kg ha-1 de P2O5 para maximizar a produção desse elemento.

ABSTRACT As a fresh food, sweet potatoes are highlighted for their taste and appearance. In the industry, they are valued for their starch and sugar content. In both scenarios, much attention has been given to the composition of bioactive compounds. The application of abiotic stresses seems to induce an overproduction of these compounds in some vegetables. The objective was to examine the influence of harvest time on the synthesis and accumulation of bioactive compounds in varieties of minimally processed sweet potatoes with different flesh colors. Sweet potato cultivars (Beterraba, Jerimum, Mãe de Família Roxa, and BRS Cuia) were harvested at 120, 150, and 180 days after planting, then subjected to minimal processing and stored at 5 ºC for 10 days. The most recommended time for harvesting sweet potatoes in semi-arid conditions for minimal processing by the industry is between 150 and 180 days. This is the period when the sweet potatoes exhibit the best quality for fresh consumption, as detected in ‘Mãe de Família Roxa’ and ‘Jerimum’. ‘BRS Cuia’ harvested at 120 days showed the highest phenolic compound levels, the highest polyphenol oxidase and peroxidase enzyme activities, and the most intense browning symptoms. In addition to its starch content, it can be used as a raw material for the extraction of phenolic compounds of interest. ‘Beterraba’ showed low sugar values, rendering them unfavorable for fresh consumption or minimal processing. However, this cultivar also exhibited a high content of carotenoids, making them bio-factories for the food and pharmaceutical industries.