The fruits and seeds of tucumã-of-Goiás have important nutritional properties and are used in human consumption and feed. Thus, the study of the thermodynamic properties in the drying process is critical to project analysis equipment, preservation and packaging process of seeds. The aim of this study was to determine and evaluate the thermodynamic properties for different hygroscopic moisture contents of seeds tucumãof- Goiás. For the experimental data we used the static indirect at temperatures of 10, 20, 30 and 40 °C and moisture content of 12.8; 8.9; 5.8 and 3.6% dry base (d.b). The model Copace was that got the best fit to hygroscopic equilibrium moisture content. The thermodynamic properties are affected by moisture content, and the latent heat of vaporization of water from the seeds increases with the decrease in the equilibrium moisture content ranging from 3049.00 to 2666.73 kJ kg-1 for moisture content of 3.6 to 12.8% d.b., respectively. The enthalpy and differential entropy are strongly related to the moisture content of seeds. The isokinetic temperature of 210.93 K confirms the chemical linear compensation between differential entropy and enthalpy seeds of tucumã-of-Goiás, the desorption process being controlled by the enthalpy of seeds.

This study was developed with the aim of evaluating the performance and land use efficiency of different arrangements of intercropping with maize and forage. The field experiment was conducted in Tangará da Serra/MT. The experimental design was a randomized block in factorial scheme 3x2 +1, were as three arrangements of intercropping, two species of forage and an additional treatment with maize monoculture in four replication. In maize monoculture and intercropping were evaluated: plant height and ear insertion height, plant population, weight of 100 grains, productivity, number of grain rows and number of grain per row. In forages intercropping with maize were evaluated plant population and dry matter accumulation. The arrangements with Maize + Forage sown in the line and Maize + Forage sown in two rows between rows with the species Urochloa hybrid promoted best corn yields. The modality and species affect both the productivity of maize as forages species. Grain yield of maize is higher in monoculture. The higher dry matter accumulation of Urochloa hybrid occurs in the Maize + Forage sown in one row between rows, while, for the Urochloa brizantha the arrangements studied do not affect their yields. The arrangement with best land use efficiency is Maize + Forage sown in two rows between rows for both study forage species.

The establishment of pastures in Amazonia is made to replace the woody vegetation by slash and burn process in chemically poor and low available phosphorus soils. The recovery of degraded areas is required and can contribute to reducing deforestation in the region. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of doses of Arad and NPK combinations in the management of maize in soil with low productive capacity. The experiment was conducted in Santo Antonio do Taua, Pará State, in an area with degraded pasture, in a dys- trophic Oxisol. The experimental design was a randomized block split plot design with four replications. The plots were four phosphate: 50, 100, 200 and 300 kg ha-1 of P2O5 as Arad and sub-plots combination with NPK, NK, NK liming, and control ( no match ). We evaluated the growth characteristics and productivity of corn. Doses of Arad influenced the plant height and number of kernels per row cob. The application of Arad com- bined with NPK increased grain yield.

The present study was carried out to evaluate the agronomic and technological performance of common-bean crop following three straw mulch production system (sole corn, corn-Urochloa ruziziensis inter- crop and sole U. ruziziensis) and topdressing nitrogen fertilization (0, 40, 80, 120 and 160 kg ha-1 of N) in the fourth year after the no-tillage system implementation. A randomized block design, in a splitplot array, with three replications was used. The use of U. ruziziensis intercropped with maize allowed a greater straw mulch formation and a more adequate coverage of the soil surface aiming the beans cultivation in succession. The nitrogen fertilization influenced the common-bean productivity in succession to U. ruziziensis unique and maize intercropped with U. ruziziensis. The common-bean crop in succession to the straw mulch production system with U. ruziziensis allowed higher grain production and sieve yield. The grain cooking time decreased due to the rates of N used in the dry bean crop in succession of maize exclusive.

Considering the potential of castor beans as an alternative for the production of renewable en- ergy and the lack of information regarding management techniques for its cultivation, this study was conducted to evaluate the effect of different levels of irrigation water salinity (ECw) associated with nitrogen fertilization rates (DN) on growth, water consumption and efficiency of water use by castor bean cv. BRS Energia. The experiment was conducted in lysimeters under field conditions, atCCTA/UFCG, adopting a randomized block designin 5x5factorial scheme with three replications. Treatments consisted of five levels of ECw (0.4, 1.4, 2.4, 3.4 and 4.4 dS m-1) associated with five doses of nitrogen (50, 75, 100;125 and 150 mg kg-1). The increase in water salinity from 0.4 dS m-1 caused linear decrease in the absolute growth rate(TCAap), total leaf area(AF)at 35 days after sowing (DAS), the water consumption and water use efficiency (EUA) for castor bean cv. BRS Energia. Increasing levels of water salinity promoted increase in relative growth rate (TCRap). Nitrogen rate of 114 mg kg-1 increased TCRap and 150 mg kg-1of N promoted greater EUA. Increasing levels of nitrogen at- tenuated at 120 DAS, the effect of electrical conductivity up to salinity level of 2.4 dS m-1 on the leaf area pro- moting higher specific leaf area. There was a significant interaction between ECw and nitrogen levels on elec- trical conductivity and pH of drainage water. Keywords: Ricinus communis L. Quality of water. Mineral nutrition.

This study evaluated the effects fungicides with or without association with potassium phosphite on the control of the Asian rust (Phakopsora pachyrhizi) of soybean. Two field tests (‘Coodetec- 219RR’ and ‘Emgopa-313’) were conducted (12/2005-4/2006) in Cristalina (Goiás, Brazil), in a complete ran- domized block design (Nine treatments; five replications). The treatments were with one and two applications of phosphite-K (1192 g a.i. ha-1 P2O5 + 596 g a.i. ha-1 K2O) + vegetable oil (VO - 0.5% v v-1), two applications of traditional fungicides (TF) [pyraclostrobin+epoxyconazole (66.5 + 25 g a.i. ha-1); methyl- thiophanate+flutriafol (300+60 g a.i. ha-1); tebuconazole (100 g a.i. ha-1)], and, one application of TF+phosphite and a second application of phosphite+VO. For ‘Emgopa-313’, product applications were made on V8 and R2 soybean growth stage, while for Coodetec-219RR on R1 and R5. Evaluations of disease severity (%DS) were made each seven days after product applications. After the first product application, all treatments significantly reduced DS. At the end of evaluations only treatments with TF significantly reduced DS. Yield and mass of 1000 seeds were significantly higher for treatments with TF. Phosphite-K applications decreased DS, but did not increase yield and mass of 1000 soybean-seeds.

Thisstudy aimed toevaluate theperformance agronomic ofgrain sorghumas a functionof Nand- P2O5, as well as the economic analysis in the municipality of Mossoró-RN. The treatmentsconsisted of the combinationof fourN rates(30,60, 90and120 kgha-1) andfourdoses ofP2O5 (30,60, 90and120 kgha-1) and acontrol treatment.The experimental design wasa randomized complete blockwith four replicationsin a factorial design. The characteristicsevaluatedwere:plant height,stem diameter, paniclelength, paniclediameter, dry matter, grain yield, nitrogen and phosphoruscontentinleafnitrogen content, phosphorus in the soil, gross receipts, expendi- tureson fertilizerand net income. Theincreased availability ofnitrogen andphosphorus in thesoil influencethe variables studied, except the nitrogen contentin soil.While mostproductiongrainhas beenestimated for theappli- cation of87.62 kgha-1 N +120 kgP2O5ha-1, the maximumdoserecommendedenvironmentalandeconomic effi- ciencywere60 kgNha-1+ 120kgha-1P2O5.

Several microorganisms produce polysaccharides, deemed to protect the bacteria from several environmental stresses. This paper aims to evaluate the protective effect of exopolyssacharides to different abi- otic stresses in bacterial isolates from “sabiá” ( Mimosa caesalpiniifolia ) nodules. 303 fast growing isolates were qualitatively evaluated for exopolyssacharide production and tested in vitro for tolerance to two levels of acidity, joint aluminum and acidity, three salinity levels; 11 antibiotics and three herbicides. Most isolates re- sisted media acidity, acidity with aluminum, salinity, and ampicillin, cefotaxime, gentamicin and vancomycin antibiotics and 2,4D herbicide, while being sensitive to ciprofloxacin, chloramphenicol, streptomycin, kanamy- cin, nalidixic acid, rifampicin and tetracycline antibiotics and paraquat and glyphosate herbicides. There was no connection between exopolyssacharide production and abiotic stress tolerance.

The objective of this study was to propose monthly average values of Class “A” pan (Kp) for the Pajeu Middle region, as well as analyze the theirs effects in the estimate of agricultural crop evapotranspira- tion (ETc). Evaporation values of class "A" pan and daily weather data from a series of 1999 to 2011 were used. From the daily values of odd-numbered years were obtained monthly values of reference Kp (Kpref). That series was used in the implementation of six methods of estimation of the Kp. The values found have been sub- jected to an analysis of variance and t-test (p > 0.05). The performance of the Kp values was done by estima- tion of the accumulated ETc values of the six agricultural crops. It was verified that the Kpref provided the best statistical indexes and minor errors in the estimate of ETc. The methods of Pereira et al. and the FAO case A should the best estimates among those evaluated. On the other hand, the Snyder and FAO case B methods were those of the worst performances. The performance of the estimation of the ETc in the Middle Pajeu, using the evaporation values of Class "A" pan, is conditioned by the time of year and crop to be explored.

In semiarid regions the irrigation is essential for obtaining high yields and fruit quality of pine- apple. The objective of this work was to evaluate the vegetative characteristics, fruit and slips production and fruit quality of pineapple, under different drip irrigation depth. The experiment was conducted in a randomized block design with five treatments replacement of class A evaporation pan (PAN), with 4 replications. The vege- tative growth, flowering, production and fruit quality and slips production were evaluated. The plants of pine- apple that have received regarding the irrigation at 30, 50, 70, 100 and 150% of PAN do not differ for the char- acteristics of productivity, fruit weight with and without crown diameter and fruit length, skin color, total solu- ble solids (TSS), total titratable acidity (TTA), TSS / TTA and pH of the pulp. The pineapple 'Perola' has greater vegetative growth in irrigation depth applied between 67,1 and 79,1% of PAN. The natural flowering cumulative total is greater in depth corresponding to 70% of PAN. The slips production per plant and slips pro- ductivity is greater in depth corresponding to 85% of PAN.