RESUMO O objetivo desta pesquisa foi avaliar combinações de cultivares de coentro e rúcula em bicultivo com cultivares de cenoura em sistema consorciado de faixas. O estudo foi desenvolvido de novembro de 2014 a março de 2015. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o de blocos ao acaso, em esquema fatorial 2 x 2 x 2 + 2, com quatro repetições. Os tratamentos consistiram da combinação de duas cultivares de coentro (Verdão e Português), com duas cultivares de cenoura (Brasília e Esplanada) e duas cultivares de rúcula (Cultivada e Folha Larga) em sistema de consórcio em faixas, mais dois tratamentos adicionais, onde o primeiro representa as cultivares em monocultivo e o segundo os tipos de cultivo (monocultivo e consórcio). As características avaliadas no coentro e na rúcula foram: rendimento de massa verde e massa seca da parte aérea. Na cenoura foram avaliados: massa seca da parte aérea, massa seca de raízes, produtividade total e comercial e produtividade classificada de raízes. No sistema de consórcio, foram avaliados os índices agronômicos: índice de uso eficiente de terra, índice de eficiência produtiva e pontuação da variável canônica. Os indicadores de eficiência econômica determinados foram: lucro bruto e líquido, taxa de retorno, margem de lucro, vantagem monetária e vantagem monetária corrigida. Não houve interação significativa entre as cultivares de coentro, cenoura e rúcula nos rendimentos de massa verde de coentro e de rúcula e nas produtividades total e comercial de raízes de cenoura. A melhor policultura foi a que envolveu a cultivar ―Português‖, ―Esplanada‖ e ―Cultivada‖. | ABSTRACT The objective of this research was to evaluate combinations of cultivars of coriander and arugula in two croppings with cultivars of carrot in a strip-intercropping system. The study was conducted from November 2014 to March 2015. The experimental design was a randomized complete block in a 2 x 2 x 2 + 2 factorial scheme, with four replications. The treatments consisted of the combination of two cultivars of coriander (Verdão and Português) with two cultivars of carrot (Brasília and Esplanada) and two cultivars of arugula (Cultivada and Folha Larga) in a strip-intercropping system plus two additional treatments, where the first represents the cultivars in monocropping and the second the cultivation types (monocropping and intercropping). The characteristics evaluated in the coriander and arugula were green mass yield and shoot dry mass. The following were evaluated in carrot: shoot dry mass, dry mass of roots, total and commercial productivity, and classified productivity of roots. In the intercropping system, the agronomic indices of land equivalent ratio, productive efficiency index, and score of the canonical variable were evaluated. The economic efficiency indicators determined were gross and net income, rate of return, profit margin, monetary advantage, and modified monetary advantage. There was no significant interaction among the cultivars of coriander, carrot, and arugula for coriander and arugula green mass yields, and for total and commercial productivities of carrot roots. The best polyculture was of that involved in the cultivars ―Português,‖ ―Esplanada,‖ and ―Cultivada‖.

The objective of this research was to evaluate combinations of cultivars of coriander and arugula in two croppings with cultivars of carrot in a strip-intercropping system. The study was conducted from November 2014 to March 2015. The experimental design was a randomized complete block in a 2 x 2 x 2 + 2 factorial scheme, with four replications. The treatments consisted of the combination of two cultivars of coriander (Verdão and Português) with two cultivars of carrot (Brasília and Esplanada) and two cultivars of arugula (Cultivada and Folha Larga) in a strip-intercropping system plus two additional treatments, where the first represents the cultivars in monocropping and the second the cultivation types (monocropping and intercropping). The characteristics evaluated in the coriander and arugula were green mass yield and shoot dry mass. The following were evaluated in carrot: shoot dry mass, dry mass of roots, total and commercial productivity, and classified productivity of roots. In the intercropping system, the agronomic indices of land equivalent ratio, productive efficiency index, and score of the canonical variable were evaluated. The economic efficiency indicators determined were gross and net income, rate of return, profit margin, monetary advantage, and modified monetary advantage. There was no significant interaction among the cultivars of coriander, carrot, and arugula for coriander and arugula green mass yields, and for total and commercial productivities of carrot roots. The best polyculture was of that involved in the cultivars ―Português,‖ ―Esplanada,‖ and ―Cultivada‖.

ABSTRACT This study aimed to evaluate combinations of cowpea-vegetable cultivars with carrot cultivars in a strip-intercropping system fertilized with roostertree. The work was conducted at the Experimental Farm "Rafael Fernandes" of the Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido (UFERSA) during September 2013 to March 2014. The experimental design was a randomized complete block with four replications and treatments arranged in a factorial 4 x 2 scheme, resulting from the combination of four cowpea -vegetable cultivars (BRS Tumucumaque, BRS Cauamé, BRS Guariba and BRS Itaim) with two carrot cultivars (Brasilia and Alvorada). The characteristics evaluated in cowpea-vegetables were: number of green pods per area, productivity and dry weight of green pods, number of grains per pod, productivity of grains, weight of 100 grains, and dry weight of green grains. In the carrot cultivars, we evaluated total, commercial, and classified productivity of roots. The cultivar combinations were evaluated in terms of land equivalent ratio, productive efficiency index, score of the canonical variable, as well as indicators of gross and net income, rate of return, profit margin, and modified monetary advantage. The intercropping system using the cultivars BRS Guariba (cowpea) and Alvorada (carrot) achieved highest agronomic/biological efficiency. Highest economic efficiency was achieved with the combination BRS Tumucumaque (cowpea) and Brasilia (carrot). | RESUMO Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar combinações de cultivares de caupi-horaliça com cultivares de cenoura em sistema consorciado em faixas adubadas com flor-de-seda. O trabalho foi conduzido na Fazenda Experimental “Rafael Fernandes” da Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido (UFERSA), durante o período de setembro de 2013 a março de 2014. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o de blocos completos casualizados com 4 repetições e os tratamentos arranjados em esquema fatorial 4 x 2, resultante da combinação de quatro cultivares de caupi (BRS Tumucumaque, BRS Cauamé, BRS Guariba e BRS Itaim) com duas cultivares de cenoura (Brasília e Alvorada). As características avaliadas no caupi-hortaliça foram: número de vagens verdes por área, produtividade e peso seco de vagens verdes, número de grãos por vagem, produtividade de grãos, peso de 100 grãos e peso seco de grãos verdes. Nas cultivares de cenoura foram avaliadas: as produtividades total, comercial e classificada de raízes. As combinações de cultivares foram avaliadas pelo índice de uso eficiente da terra, índice de eficiência produtiva, escore da variável canônica e pelos indicadores rendas bruta e líquida, taxa de retorno, índice de lucratividade e vantagem monetária corrigida. O sistema de consórcio utilizando as cultivares de caupi BRS Guariba e a de cenoura Alvorada obteve maior eficiência agronômica/biológica. A maior eficiência econômica foi obtida com a combinação de caupi BRS Tumucumaque e cenoura Brasília.

This study aimed to evaluate combinations of cowpea-vegetable cultivars with carrot cultivars in a strip-intercropping system fertilized with roostertree. The work was conducted at the Experimental Farm "Rafael Fernandes" of the Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido (UFERSA) during September 2013 to March 2014. The experimental design was a randomized complete block with four replications and treatments arranged in a factorial 4 x 2 scheme, resulting from the combination of four cowpea -vegetable cultivars (BRS Tumucumaque, BRS Cauamé, BRS Guariba and BRS Itaim) with two carrot cultivars (Brasilia and Alvorada). The characteristics evaluated in cowpea-vegetables were: number of green pods per area, productivity and dry weight of green pods, number of grains per pod, productivity of grains, weight of 100 grains, and dry weight of green grains. In the carrot cultivars, we evaluated total, commercial, and classified productivity of roots. The cultivar combinations were evaluated in terms of land equivalent ratio, productive efficiency index, score of the canonical variable, as well as indicators of gross and net income, rate of return, profit margin, and modified monetary advantage. The intercropping system using the cultivars BRS Guariba (cowpea) and Alvorada (carrot) achieved highest agronomic/biological efficiency. Highest economic efficiency was achieved with the combination BRS Tumucumaque (cowpea) and Brasilia (carrot).

RESUMO O feijoeiro-comum requer altos níveis de nitrogênio (N) para alcançar elevadas produtividades, os quais podem ser supridos, ao menos parcialmente, pela fixação biológica de N (FBN). Com o objetivo de avaliar os efeitos de diferentes plantas de cobertura e épocas de dessecação no desempenho agronômico do feijoeiro-comum inoculado com rizóbio, foram conduzidos dois experimentos em campo, na safra de inverno 2015. Os experimentos foram implantados em delineamento de blocos ao acaso com quatro repetições, em esquema fatorial de parcelas sub subdivididas com tratamentos adicionais (5x4x2+2). Os fatores foram: cinco plantas de cobertura, quatro épocas de dessecação, dois tratamentos de inoculação das sementes e duas testemunhas (TN = 90 Kg N ha-1 e T0 = sem N e sem inoculação). As variáveis analisadas nas plantas de cobertura foram massa seca (MS) e nitrogênio total (N-Total). No feijoeiro-comum avaliou-se teor de clorofila (TC), número de nódulos (NN), massa seca de nódulos (MSN), massa seca da parte aérea (MSPA), massa seca de raiz (MSR) e a produção de grãos (PG). Os resultados mostraram que o desempenho agronômico do feijoeiro-comum não foi afetado pelas épocas de dessecação das plantas de cobertura, embora a quantidade de N-Total acumulada pelas plantas de cobertura tenha sido influenciada pela época de semeadura. A inoculação do feijoeiro-comum promoveu aumento do NN e MSN, do TC e da MSPA do feijoeiro-comum. Em Santo Antônio de Goiás obteve-se maior PG do feijoeiro-comum em cultivo após braquiária brizanta, braquiária ruziziensis, milheto e pousio. | ABSTRACT The common bean requires high levels of nitrogen (N) to achieve high productivity, which can be supplied, at least partially, by the biological nitrogen fixation (BFN). Two field experiments were carried out in the winter season of 2015 aiming to evaluate the effects of different cover crops, desiccation times and the agronomic performance of the common bean inoculated with rhizobia. The experiments were assembled in a randomized block design with four replications, in a factorial split-plot arrangement with two additional treatments (5x4x2+2). The factors were composed of five cover crops, four desiccation times, two seed inoculation treatments and two additional controls (TN = 90 Kg N ha-1 and T0 = without N and without inoculation). The variables analyzed in the cover crops were dry mass (DM) and total nitrogen (Total-N). With the common bean, the chlorophyll content (CC), the number of nodules (NN), the nodule dry weight (NDW), the shoot dry weight (SDW), the root dry weight (RDW) and the grain yield (GY) were evaluated. The results showed that the agronomic performance of the common bean was not affected by the desiccation times of the cover crops, although the amount of Total-N accumulated by cover crops was influenced by sowing times. Inoculation of the common bean promoted an increase in the NN, NDW, CC and SDW. Higher GY of the common bean was achieved with its cropping after Brachiaria brizantha, Brachiaria ruziziensis, millet and fallow.

The common bean requires high levels of nitrogen (N) to achieve high productivity, which can be supplied, at least partially, by the biological nitrogen fixation (BFN). Two field experiments were carried out in the winter season of 2015 aiming to evaluate the effects of different cover crops, desiccation times and the agronomic performance of the common bean inoculated with rhizobia. The experiments were assembled in a randomized block design with four replications, in a factorial split-plot arrangement with two additional treatments (5x4x2+2). The factors were composed of five cover crops, four desiccation times, two seed inoculation treatments and two additional controls (TN = 90 Kg N ha-1 and T0 = without N and without inoculation). The variables analyzed in the cover crops were dry mass (DM) and total nitrogen (Total-N). With the common bean, the chlorophyll content (CC), the number of nodules (NN), the nodule dry weight (NDW), the shoot dry weight (SDW), the root dry weight (RDW) and the grain yield (GY) were evaluated. The results showed that the agronomic performance of the common bean was not affected by the desiccation times of the cover crops, although the amount of Total-N accumulated by cover crops was influenced by sowing times. Inoculation of the common bean promoted an increase in the NN, NDW, CC and SDW. Higher GY of the common bean was achieved with its cropping after Brachiaria brizantha, Brachiaria ruziziensis, millet and fallow.

ABSTRACT The chemical composition and the accumulation of nutrients in stems, leaves and fruits are essential information to meet the nutritional requirements of a peanut crop. Thus, the goals of the present study were to evaluate the rate of absorption of macro- and micronutrients; identify the critical phases of nutrient absorption in the peanut crop; and perform growth analysis of these plants. For this, an experiment under field conditions using randomized blocks with 15 treatments and four repetitions was assembled. Each treatment corresponded to a sampling time, held from 10 days after planting, until the end of the cycle, which corresponded to 160 days. Peanut plants generally showed higher macro- and micronutrient absorption rates at 110 days after emergence, coinciding with the highest growth rate of the crop. Thus, the higher nutrient absorption rate and increased crop growth rate occurred during the reproductive period, formation of fruit and grain filling. | RESUMO A composição química tanto quanto o acúmulo de nutrientes em caule, folhas e frutos são informações imprescindíveis para conhecer as exigências nutricionais da cultura do amendoim. Dessa forma, objetivou-se com o presente estudo avaliar a taxa de absorção de macro e micronutrientes, além de identificar as fases críticas de absorção de nutrientes na cultura do amendoim, bem como, realizar a análise de crescimento dessas plantas. Para isso foi montado um experimento em condição de campo no delineamento experimental em blocos ao acaso, com 15 tratamentos e 4 repetições. Cada tratamento correspondeu a uma época de amostragem, realizadas de 10 em 10 dias após o plantio da espécie, até o final do ciclo da cultura, que correspondeu há 160 dias. Foi observado de modo geral nas plantas de amendoim maior taxa de absorção de macro e micronutrientes aos 110 dias após a emergência, período que coincidiu com a maior taxa de crescimento da cultura. Assim, a maior taxa de absorção de nutrientes e a maior taxa de crescimento da cultura ocorreram durante o período reprodutivo, formação dos frutos e enchimento dos grãos.

The chemical composition and the accumulation of nutrients in stems, leaves and fruits are essential information to meet the nutritional requirements of a peanut crop. Thus, the goals of the present study were to evaluate the rate of absorption of macro- and micronutrients; identify the critical phases of nutrient absorption in the peanut crop; and perform growth analysis of these plants. For this, an experiment under field conditions using randomized blocks with 15 treatments and four repetitions was assembled. Each treatment corresponded to a sampling time, held from 10 days after planting, until the end of the cycle, which corresponded to 160 days. Peanut plants generally showed higher macro- and micronutrient absorption rates at 110 days after emergence, coinciding with the highest growth rate of the crop. Thus, the higher nutrient absorption rate and increased crop growth rate occurred during the reproductive period, formation of fruit and grain filling.

RESUMO O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar o efeito da densidade de plantas na fileira e de doses de nitrogênio (N) em cobertura na nutrição e desempenho produtivo das cultivares de feijão comum IPR 139 e Pérola. Para cada cultivar, o delineamento experimental utilizado foi em blocos ao acaso, em parcelas subdivididas e três repetições. As parcelas consistiram de três densidades de plantas (5, 7 e 9 plantas m-1 de fileira) e as subparcelas de cinco doses de N (0, 30, 60, 120 e 180 kg ha -1). Foram avaliadas: matéria seca da parte aérea, teores de macro e micronutrientes na folha diagnose, componentes da produção, produtividade de grãos e teor de proteína nos grãos. Menores densidades de plantas (5 e 7 plantas m-1) proporcionaram maior produção de MS e número de vagens por planta e não reduziram a produtividade de grãos. Na ausência da adubação nitrogenada, a redução da densidade de plantas diminuiu o teor de N nas folhas do feijoeiro. A adubação nitrogenada aumentou linearmente a produção de matéria seca e o teor de N nas folhas do feijoeiro, principalmente sob as menores densidades de plantas. Independentemente da densidade de plantas, o fornecimento de N aumentou linearmente a produtividade de grãos das cultivares IPR 139 e Pérola em 17,3 e 52,2%, respectivamente. | ABSTRACT The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of plant densities and sidedressed nitrogen (N) rates on nutrition and productive performance of the common bean cultivars IPR 139 and Pérola. For each cultivar, a randomized complete block experimental design was used in a split-plot arrangement, with three replicates. Plots consisted of three plant densities (5, 7, and 9 plants ha-1) and subplots of five N rates (0, 30, 60, 120, and 180 kg ha-1). Aboveground dry matter, leaf macro- and micronutrient concentrations, yield components, grain yield, and protein concentration in grains were evaluated. Lower plant densities (5 and 7 plants m-1) increased aboveground dry matter production and the number of pods per plant and did not reduce grain yield. In the absence of N fertilization, reduction of plant density decreased N concentration in common bean leaves. Nitrogen fertilization linearly increased dry matter and leaf N concentration, mainly at lower plant densities. Regardless of plant density, the N supply linearly increased grain yield of cultivars IPR 139 and Pérola by 17.3 and 52.2%, respectively.

The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of plant densities and sidedressed nitrogen (N) rates on nutrition and productive performance of the common bean cultivars IPR 139 and Pérola. For each cultivar, a randomized complete block experimental design was used in a split-plot arrangement, with three replicates. Plots consisted of three plant densities (5, 7, and 9 plants ha-1) and subplots of five N rates (0, 30, 60, 120, and 180 kg ha-1). Aboveground dry matter, leaf macro- and micronutrient concentrations, yield components, grain yield, and protein concentration in grains were evaluated. Lower plant densities (5 and 7 plants m-1) increased aboveground dry matter production and the number of pods per plant and did not reduce grain yield. In the absence of N fertilization, reduction of plant density decreased N concentration in common bean leaves. Nitrogen fertilization linearly increased dry matter and leaf N concentration, mainly at lower plant densities. Regardless of plant density, the N supply linearly increased grain yield of cultivars IPR 139 and Pérola by 17.3 and 52.2%, respectively.

ABSTRACT Glyphosate is a non-selective herbicide used for weed control in eucalyptus forests. Glyphosate drifts are common and may cause serious damage to crops. An alternative to reduce such effects is to use antidotes capable of protecting eucalyptus. An experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of the application of liquid fertilizer on eucalyptus plants subjected to a glyphosate drift simulation. The treatments were arranged in a 5 x 5 factorial design. The first corresponding factor was liquid fertilizer (0, 1, 2, 4, and 8 L c.p. ha -1 of Fertiactyl Pós®) and the second factor dose of glyphosate drift (0, 360, 720, 1,440, and 2,160 g e.a. ha -1). The products were applied together so that the spray did not reach the upper third of the plants. At 7, 28, and 49 days after application (DAA), the percentage of intoxication of eucalyptus was evaluated. At 56 days DAA, height, leaf area, leaf nutrient contents, and shoot and root dry matter were determined. Higher doses of glyphosate (1,440 and 2,160 g ha -1) caused intoxication levels above 90% at 28 and 49 DAA without using liquid fertilizer. The combination of 2,160 g ha -1 of glyphosate with 8.0 L ha -1 of liquid fertilizer resulted in an estimated eucalyptus dry matter 7% higher than in the control and 97% higher than using 2,160 g ha -1 of glyphosate without the liquid fertilizer. We conclude that the liquid fertilizer was effective in suppressing the harmful effects caused by glyphosate on eucalyptus plants. | RESUMO O glyphosate é um herbicida não seletivo utilizado no manejo de plantas daninhas em florestas de eucalipto. Problemas com a deriva de glyphosate tem sido comum, podendo causar sérios danos à cultura. Uma alternativa para reduzir estes efeitos é a utilização de antídotos capazes de proteger o eucalipto. Um experimento foi realizado para avaliar os efeitos da aplicação de fertilizante líquido na proteção de plantas de eucalipto submetidas à simulação de deriva de glyphosate. Os tratamentos foram dispostos em esquema fatorial 5 x 5, com o primeiro fator correspondente as o fertilizante líquido (0, 1, 2, 4 e 8 L p. c. ha -1 de Fertiactyl Pós®) e o segundo por doses de deriva do glyphosate (0, 360, 720, 1440 e 2160 g e. a. ha -1). Os produtos foram aplicados juntos de modo que as caldas não atingiram o terço superior das plantas. Aos 7, 28 e 49 dias após a aplicação (DAA) foram avaliadas a porcentagem de intoxicação do eucalipto e aos 56 dias DAA determinou-se a altura, a área foliar, o conteúdo de nutrientes nas folhas e a massa da matéria seca da parte aérea e raízes das plantas. Maiores doses do glyphosate (1440 e 2160 g ha -1) sem o uso do fertilizante líquido provocaram níveis de intoxicação acima de 90% aos 28 e 49 DAA. A combinação de 2160 g ha -1 do glyphosate com 8,0 L ha -1 de fertilizante líquido resultou em estimativa de matéria seca total do eucalipto 7% maior que a testemunha e 97% maior que 2160 g ha -1 de glyphosate sem o fertilizante líquido. Conclui-se que o fertilizante líquido foi eficiente na supressão dos efeitos deletérios causados pelo glyphosate às plantas de eucalipto.

Glyphosate is a non-selective herbicide used for weed control in eucalyptus forests. Glyphosate drifts are common and may cause serious damage to crops. An alternative to reduce such effects is to use antidotes capable of protecting eucalyptus. An experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of the application of liquid fertilizer on eucalyptus plants subjected to a glyphosate drift simulation. The treatments were arranged in a 5 x 5 factorial design. The first corresponding factor was liquid fertilizer (0, 1, 2, 4, and 8 L c.p. ha -1 of Fertiactyl Pós®) and the second factor dose of glyphosate drift (0, 360, 720, 1,440, and 2,160 g e.a. ha -1). The products were applied together so that the spray did not reach the upper third of the plants. At 7, 28, and 49 days after application (DAA), the percentage of intoxication of eucalyptus was evaluated. At 56 days DAA, height, leaf area, leaf nutrient contents, and shoot and root dry matter were determined. Higher doses of glyphosate (1,440 and 2,160 g ha -1) caused intoxication levels above 90% at 28 and 49 DAA without using liquid fertilizer. The combination of 2,160 g ha -1 of glyphosate with 8.0 L ha -1 of liquid fertilizer resulted in an estimated eucalyptus dry matter 7% higher than in the control and 97% higher than using 2,160 g ha -1 of glyphosate without the liquid fertilizer. We conclude that the liquid fertilizer was effective in suppressing the harmful effects caused by glyphosate on eucalyptus plants.

ABSTRACT The great solar radiation in the Brazilian semiarid region, combined with an adequate irrigation management, favors fruit production and quality of crops that were adapted to this region. The objective of this work was to evaluate the fruit quality of two apple cultivars grown in the Sub-Mid São Francisco River Valley under different irrigation water depths. A complete randomized block experimental design in a split -plot arrangement with five replications was used. The plots consisted of four irrigation water depths (ID) (60, 80, 100 and 120% of the reference evapotranspiration - ETo), the subplots consisted of two apple cultivars (C) (Julieta and Princesa) and the sub-subplots consisted of fruit positions in the tree canopies (FP) (east and west sides). The soluble solids content (SS), titratable acidity (TA), SS/TA ratio, pulp firmness (PF) and fresh weight (FW) of the fruits were evaluated. The factors evaluated showed no triple interaction between the evaluated factors, however, the SS and TA were significantly affected by them; the interaction between ID and C significantly affected the PF; the interaction between ID and FP significantly affected the PF, SS/TA ratio and FW; and the interaction between C and FP significantly affected the SS/TA ratio. The increase in water depth increased the fruit size of both cultivars, without compromising the post-harvest quality. The cultivar Princesa presented the best results regarding SS, TA, PF and FW, however, both cultivars had organoleptic characteristics within the recommended standards for commercialization. The fruits harvested on the west side presented better post-harvest quality. | RESUMO A elevada radiação associada ao manejo adequado da irrigação no semiárido brasileiro favorece o aumento da produção e a qualidade dos frutos de culturas adaptadas a região. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a qualidade dos frutos de duas variedades de maçãs cultivadas na região do Vale Submédio do Rio São Francisco sobre diferentes lâminas de irrigação. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos ao acaso, com parcelas subsubdivididas, com cinco repetições, sendo as parcelas principais quatro lâminas de irrigação (60; 80; 100; e 120 % da evapotranspiração de referência - ETo), as subparcelas duas cultivares de maçã (Julieta e Princesa) e as subsubparcelas as posições da copa da planta (leste e oeste). Avaliou-se o teor de sólidos solúveis (SS), a acidez titulável (AT), a relação entre SS/AT, a firmeza de polpa (FP) e a massa de matéria fresca do fruto (MMFF). Não se observou interação tripla entre os fatores avaliados, mas houve um efeito significativo das características SS e AT, da interação entre lâminas e cultivares para FP, da interação entre lâminas e posição para FP, razão de SS/AT e MMFF e da interação entre cultivares e posição para relação SS/AT. O aumento da irrigação promoveu aumento do tamanho dos frutos, das duas cultivares, sem comprometer a qualidade pós-colheita. A cultivar Princesa apresentou os melhores resultados quanto o SS, AT, FP e MMFF, contudo ambas as cultivares apresentaram características organolépticas dentro do recomendado para comercialização. Os frutos colhidos do lado oeste apresentaram melhor qualidade pós-colheita.

The great solar radiation in the Brazilian semiarid region, combined with an adequate irrigation management, favors fruit production and quality of crops that were adapted to this region. The objective of this work was to evaluate the fruit quality of two apple cultivars grown in the Sub-Mid São Francisco River Valley under different irrigation water depths. A complete randomized block experimental design in a split -plot arrangement with five replications was used. The plots consisted of four irrigation water depths (ID) (60, 80, 100 and 120% of the reference evapotranspiration - ETo), the subplots consisted of two apple cultivars (C) (Julieta and Princesa) and the sub-subplots consisted of fruit positions in the tree canopies (FP) (east and west sides). The soluble solids content (SS), titratable acidity (TA), SS/TA ratio, pulp firmness (PF) and fresh weight (FW) of the fruits were evaluated. The factors evaluated showed no triple interaction between the evaluated factors, however, the SS and TA were significantly affected by them; the interaction between ID and C significantly affected the PF; the interaction between ID and FP significantly affected the PF, SS/TA ratio and FW; and the interaction between C and FP significantly affected the SS/TA ratio. The increase in water depth increased the fruit size of both cultivars, without compromising the post-harvest quality. The cultivar Princesa presented the best results regarding SS, TA, PF and FW, however, both cultivars had organoleptic characteristics within the recommended standards for commercialization. The fruits harvested on the west side presented better post-harvest quality.

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to evaluate the frequency of quiescent fungi and the effect of phosphites under modified atmosphere on Lasiodiplodia theobromae in papaya. The fruits were treated with a range of doses of phosphites and their actions evaluated under conditions of ambient and modified atmosphere. Of the eight fungal genera found, Lasiodiplodia was the most common. No interaction was observed between the evaluated factors and only atmosphere and dose were independently significant. The usage of phosphites and modified atmosphere reduced the severity of the disease, and did not affect the chemical properties of the fruits. | RESUMO O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a frequência de fungos quiescentes e o efeito de fosfitos sob atmosfera modificada sobre Lasiodiplodia theobromae em mamões. Os frutos foram tratados com várias doses de fosfitos e suas ações foram avaliadas em condições de atmosfera ambiente e atmosfera modificada. Dos oito gêneros fúngicos encontrados, Lasiodiplodia sp. foi mais frequente. Não houve interação entre os fatores avaliados e apenas os fatores atmosfera e dose independentemente foram significativos. O uso de fosfitos e atmosfera modificada reduziram a severidade da doença e não alteraram os atributos químicos dos frutos.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the frequency of quiescent fungi and the effect of phosphites under modified atmosphere on Lasiodiplodia theobromae in papaya. The fruits were treated with a range of doses of phosphites and their actions evaluated under conditions of ambient and modified atmosphere. Of the eight fungal genera found, Lasiodiplodia was the most common. No interaction was observed between the evaluated factors and only atmosphere and dose were independently significant. The usage of phosphites and modified atmosphere reduced the severity of the disease, and did not affect the chemical properties of the fruits.

RESUMO A figueira 'Roxo de Valinhos' é uma das variedades mais cultivadas no mundo, no entanto, ainda existem poucos estudos sobre a fenologia e produção de figueiras, especialmente em regiões semi-áridas. Este estudo avaliou os aspectos fenológicos e produtivos da cultivar de figueira 'Roxo de Valinhos' no Oeste Potiguar. O experimento foi realizado de julho a dezembro de 2015 no pomar didático da Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido, UFERSA. Os seguintes aspectos fenológicos foram analisados: poda do início ao brotamento, emergência e maturação do primeiro fruto, início da colheita, comprimento e diâmetro dos ramos, número de frutos por ramo, comprimento e diâmetro dos frutos, taxa de crescimento absoluto, rendimento por planta, número de frutos por planta e peso do fruto. Utilizamos estatística descritiva; Para as características quantitativas e qualitativas, utilizou-se análise de regressão e teste de médias, através do teste de Tukey a 5% de probabilidade. As figueiras mostraram boa adaptabilidade às regiões semi-áridas e precocidade quando comparadas às figueiras das regiões temperadas, em todos os estádios fenológicos; A cultivar estudada apresentou resultados promissores para o cultivo nesta região. | ABSTRACT The ‘Roxo de Valinhos’ fig is one of the most widely grown varieties in the world, however, there are still few studies on the phenology and yield of fig trees, especially in semi-arid regions. This study evaluated the phenology and yield aspects of the ‘Roxo de Valinhos’ fig cultivar in Western Potiguar. The experiment was carried out from July to December 2015 in the didactic orchard of the Federal Rural University of the Semi-Arid, UFERSA. The following phenological aspects were analyzed: pruning at the beginning of budding, emergence and maturity of the first fruit, beginning of harvest, length and diameter of branches, number of fruits per branch, length and diameter of fruits, absolute growth rate, yield per plant, number of fruits per plant, and fruit weight. We used descriptive statistics; for quantitative and qualitative characteristics, we used regression analysis and means test, through Tukey´s test at 5% probability. Fig trees showed good adaptability to semi-arid regions and precocity when compared to fig trees from temperate regions, in all phenological stages; the studied cultivar showed promising results for cultivation in this region.

The ‘Roxo de Valinhos’ fig is one of the most widely grown varieties in the world, however, there are still few studies on the phenology and yield of fig trees, especially in semi-arid regions. This study evaluated the phenology and yield aspects of the ‘Roxo de Valinhos’ fig cultivar in Western Potiguar. The experiment was carried out from July to December 2015 in the didactic orchard of the Federal Rural University of the Semi-Arid, UFERSA. The following phenological aspects were analyzed: pruning at the beginning of budding, emergence and maturity of the first fruit, beginning of harvest, length and diameter of branches, number of fruits per branch, length and diameter of fruits, absolute growth rate, yield per plant, number of fruits per plant, and fruit weight. We used descriptive statistics; for quantitative and qualitative characteristics, we used regression analysis and means test, through Tukey´s test at 5% probability. Fig trees showed good adaptability to semi-arid regions and precocity when compared to fig trees from temperate regions, in all phenological stages; the studied cultivar showed promising results for cultivation in this region.

RESUMO A interferência causada pelas plantas daninhas é um dos fatores que limitam a produtividade do feijoeiro e dentre essas destaca-se o picão-preto como uma das principais espécies que competem com a cultura pelos recursos do meio. Assim sendo, objetivou-se com este trabalho, avaliar a habilidade competitiva de cultivares de feijão do tipo preto (BRS Campeiro, IPR Uirapuru, SCS204 Predileto e BRS Supremo) na presença de biótipo de picão-preto. O delineamento utilizado foi o de blocos casualizados, com quatro repetições. Os tratamentos foram arranjados em série substitutiva e constituíram-se de proporções da cultura e de picão-preto: 100:0; 75:25; 50:50: 24:75 e 0:100, o que corresponde a 40:0, 30:10, 20:20, 10:30 e 0:40 plantas vaso-1. A análise da competitividade foi efetuada por meio de diagramas aplicados a experimentos substitutivos, mais uso de índices de competitividade relativa. Avaliou-se a área foliar e a massa seca da parte aérea aos 40 dias após a emergência das espécies. Houve competição pelos mesmos recursos do meio entre as cultivares de feijão e o picão-preto, ocasionando interferência negativa no crescimento das espécies, independentemente da proporção de plantas. As cultivares de feijão apresentaram menor perda relativa ao reduzirem as variáveis morfológicas do picão-preto e demonstram possuir superioridade na habilidade competitiva em relação à planta daninha. A competição interespecífica é menos prejudicial para ambas as espécies envolvidas do que a competição intraespecífica. | ABSTRACT Weed interference is a factor that limits the productivity of beans and, among these, hairy beggarticks is one of the main species competing with the crop for environmental resources. Thus, the aim of this study is to evaluate the competitive ability of black bean cultivars (BRS Campeiro, IPR Uirapuru, SCS204 Predileto and BRS Supremo) in the presence of a biotype of hairy beggarticks. The experimental design is a completely randomized block with four replications. Treatments were arranged in a replacement series, consisting of a proportion of the crop and the hairy beggarticks: 100:0; 75:25; 50:50: 24:75, and 0:100, which corresponds to 40:0, 30:10, 20:20, 10:30, and 0:40 plant pots1. We accomplished competitive analysis through diagrams applied to the replacement series, as well as using relative competitive indices. The leaf area and shoot dry mass were evaluated at 40 days after emergence of the species. There was competition between bean cultivars and hairy beggarticks for the same environmental resources, causing negative interference in the growth of the species, independent of the proportion of plants. Bean cultivars had a lower relative loss by reducing the morphological variables of the hairy beggarticks, thereby demonstrating superiority in its competitive ability in relation to the weed. Interspecific competition is less damaging than intraspecific competition for both species.

Weed interference is a factor that limits the productivity of beans and, among these, hairy beggarticks is one of the main species competing with the crop for environmental resources. Thus, the aim of this study is to evaluate the competitive ability of black bean cultivars (BRS Campeiro, IPR Uirapuru, SCS204 Predileto and BRS Supremo) in the presence of a biotype of hairy beggarticks. The experimental design is a completely randomized block with four replications. Treatments were arranged in a replacement series, consisting of a proportion of the crop and the hairy beggarticks: 100:0; 75:25; 50:50: 24:75, and 0:100, which corresponds to 40:0, 30:10, 20:20, 10:30, and 0:40 plant pots1. We accomplished competitive analysis through diagrams applied to the replacement series, as well as using relative competitive indices. The leaf area and shoot dry mass were evaluated at 40 days after emergence of the species. There was competition between bean cultivars and hairy beggarticks for the same environmental resources, causing negative interference in the growth of the species, independent of the proportion of plants. Bean cultivars had a lower relative loss by reducing the morphological variables of the hairy beggarticks, thereby demonstrating superiority in its competitive ability in relation to the weed. Interspecific competition is less damaging than intraspecific competition for both species.