The gallery forest and other unequal vegetal areas of semiarid suffered the antropized influence but this first kind of vegetation has been less studied. The floristic composition and phytosociological study of the woody representatives in the riparian forest of the Bodocongó River, semi-arid of the Paraíba State, it was studied through of the insertion of four transects perpendicularly to the water body in and each transect were plotted three parcels with 10x20 m. It was used Mata Nativa II program to calculate phytosociological parameters. The analyzed vegetation was represented by 357 individuals belonged to 16 genera and 7 families. The species that presented the most number of individuals were: Prosopis juliflora (221), Croton sonderianus (52), Pithecellobium dulce (20) and Ziziphus joazeiro (14). Prosopis juliflora occurred in all studied areas demonstrating its aggressive characteristic and also showing the susceptibility of areas that passed by human influence to invader areas. The highest importance value of quantity of species (VI) was Prosopis juliflora (49.22%), allowed for Ziziphus joazeiro, Croton sonderianus and Pithecellobium dulce. It was demonstrated that the bordering forest of Bodocongó River hasn't contain an expressive floristic composition that it is related probably to the influence and degradation resulting from human action.

The use of pioneer plants, mainly nitrogen-fixing leguminous trees, associated to the secondary and climax species, has been making possible good results in the land reclamation. However, it is important to establish the appropriate spacing among the form species obtaining a fast covering and protection of the soil, without there is strong competition of the plants for light, water and nutrients. So, the objective of this work was to evaluate the growth of the Hymenaea courbaril and leguminous trees at, in system quincux, in different spacings. The treatments, in factorial scheme 3 x 3 with three replicates, corresponded to three species of pioneer leguminous trees (Acacia mangium, Senna multijuga and Leucaena leucocephala combined with Hymenaea courbaril) and three spacings among pioneer plants (4 x 2; 4 x 3 and 4 x 4 m). After one and two years of planting determined the height, stem diameter at ground level and crown diameter of pioneer plants and Hymenaea courbaril. Acacia mangium showed growth characteristics superior to those of Senna multijuga and Leucaena leucocephala, however, no influence of spacing between species in relation to these characteristics. The growth characteristics of the Hymenaea courbaril were not influenced by pioneer species associated, however, the denser spacing between the pioneer species favored the greatest increase.

In order to evaluate the effects of chemicals amendments sulphuric acid and gypsum to decrease sodicity in a saline-sodic soil of Irrigated Perimeter of Condado, Paraiba State, Brazil, an experiment was carried out in a green house of the Departamento de Solos e Engenharia Rural, Centro de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidade Federal da Paraiba, Areia, Paraiba State, Brazil. The experiment was conducted in 2x5 factorial design referring to chemical amendments sulphuric acid and gypsum at levels equivalent to 0; 1.8; 3.6; 5.4 and 7.2 g kg-1 of sulphate (SO4 -2). The chemical amendments exercised positive effects on reduction of exchangeable sodium percentage and pH in saturation extract evidencing improvement in relation to sodicit and alkalinity of the soil. The gypsum was superior to sulphuric acid in reduction of exchangeable sodium percentage and soluble sodium content in the soil solution.

This work has, as its goal, to evaluate the effect of diverse concentrations of salt in irrigation water in the germination and initial growth of seedling of Jucá. The experiment was developed in the greenhouse of the Vegetable Sciences Department of the Federal Rural University of the Semiarid (UFERSA). The statistic delimitation was entirely casualized, with four treatments. To obtain the concentrations, we added NaCl and the electric conductivities (C.E.) T2-1.5; T3-3.0; T4-4.5 dS m-1 which, along with the standard (wellwater, T1-0,5 dS m-1) formed the treatments. The variables we analysed were: percentage of emergency (E), levels of emergency speed (IVE), the seedling's height (AP), and the seedling's dry matter mass (MSP). It was not possible to obtain an expressive result to the seedling dry matter mass variable. On the results, it appears that the salinity interferes in all the evaluated parameters, except dry matter, proportionally to the increase in salinity on the irrigation water. The evaluated characteristics are more sensible to salinity levels of 3dS m-1 or higher.

This study was aimed to adjust probability distributions to a data series of maximum and minimum daily air temperature of Iguatu city in different periods of time, for the purpose of observe that the distributions under study has a better performance and has recommended its use to estimate the probability of occurrence of the estimated values of maximum and minimum air temperature. For the adjustment the data in distribution of frequency were used six probability distributions: Beta, Gamma, I Gumbel, Log-Normal, Normal, and Weibull. Through the adherence tests of Kolmogorov-Smirnov at 20% of significance and Chi-square at 5%, the distributions Normal Log-normal and have a better fit to the data for all scales analyzed, recommended the use of normal function by ease the estimation of its parameters and probabilities.

In Northeastern Brazil peanut is an important culture due to its high palatability, nutritional value, grain high oil content and for being an additional and/or alternative source of income for small regional farmers. However, production is insufficient, primarily due to low yield, lack of use of adequate cultivars and inadequate management. Therefore, an experiment was carried out (March/June, 2008), at the Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido (UFERSA) (Semi-arid Rural Federal University), in Mossoró, RN (Rio Grande do Norte State, Brazil) experimental station, to evaluate yield of 2 creeping peanut cultivars (Runner IAC 886 and IAC-Caiapó), grown in 2 row spacings (0.5 m and 0.9 m). In a complete randomized block design treatments were allocated in a 2 x 2 factorial (2 cultivars x 2 row spacings), with 4 replications. Production components and yield were evaluated (number pods plant-1, number seeds meadow-1, 100 seed weight, pod yield, percentage yield almonds and straw yield). Cv. Runner IAC 886 showed higher yield than cv Caiapó, in both row spacings (0.5 m = 5,169 kg ha-1 and 0.9 m = 4,264 kg ha-1) mainly due to the number of pods plant-1. Row spacings affected both cultivars. Runner IAC 886 showed higher yield of pods at the 0.5 m spacing (5,897 kg ha-1) and Caiapó in the 0.9 m spacing (4,264 kg ha-1). Straw yield was higher in the lower row spacing cultivation.

The objective of present work was of classifying, consonant the Brazilian System, profiles of soils of ecosystems, as subsidies to evaluation of soil quality. The fieldwork was driven at the place Chã de Jardim, municipal district of Areia, PB, Brazil. They were open trenches, in different agrosystems - sabiá population (T1), of pinus (T2), and traditional cultivation-degraded area (T3), where they were made the description and it collects of soil materials for accomplishment of the chemical and physical analyses. The soils were classified in the Brazilian System of Classification of Soils. Being adopted an operational sequence, the profiles of respective areas were classified as: Entisol, Oxisol and Inceptisol In terms of quality of soil and starting from an arbitrated minimum indication, it was verified that profiles under pinus population and sabiá have position privileged in relation to degraded area. In spite of drop reservation of nutrients of profiles (dystrophic), the recycling in the soil under leguminous (T1) it is more efficient, since the reservation of nutrients in the Entisol is smallest among the compared sub superficiality.

Many arthropods are mentioned with whitefly natural enemies, including the green lacewings. The aim of this study is to analyses the development and the capacity of predation of Chrysoperla externa (Hagen, 1861) fed with Bemisia tabaci B biotype nymphs, rearing different vegetables (kale, broccoli, eggplant end tomato). The duration, viability end weight in each stage end phase of development of the insectpredator had been evaluated, as well as the predatory capacity of the larvae in the third instar. The larval phase of the predator presented minor duration when these had been fed with nymphs developed the broccoli (12.36 days) and minor duration of the tomato (14.36 days) phase when fed with nymphs developed in kale, broccoli, and eggplant (6.50, 7.20, 7.33 days, respectively). The lower indices of viability been found for the larvae fed with nymphs developed in the tomato (30%), and average weights have. The predatory capacity of the larvae during the third instar was not affected, independently on the plant host where the whitefly nymph fed itself.

Caesalpinia pulcherrima (L.) Sw. is an exotic species of Leguminoseae commonly known as flamboyant-mirim, and largely used for unban arborization. The objective of this study was to evaluate methods for overcome dormancy of seeds of flamboyant mirim. The work was developed at the Laboratory of Seed Analysis and green house of Centro de Ciências Agrárias at Universidade Federal da Paraíba, campus II, Areia, PB. The experimental procedure used was completely randomized with 14 treatments (control (intact seeds) (T1); scarification with sandpaper opposite number 80 in the region to hilum soaking in water for 0; 12; 24; 36 and 48 h (T2, T3, T4, T5 e T6) at 30 ºC; immersion in hot water at temperatures 70 and 80 °C (T7 and T8); sulfuric acid scarification by immersion 5; 10; 15; 20; 25 and 30 minutes(T9, T10, T11, T12, T13 e T14) and four repetitions. The variable obtained were percentage emergency, first count emergency and emergency speed index (IVE). Daily count of the seedlings was carried out during 25 days. The seeds immerged in sulfuric acid for 30 minutes presented smaller of seedlings emergency. The mechanical scarification of the seed tegument followed by immersion in water for 12 and 24 h are the most effective method for to overcome dormancy of seeds of flamboyant.

The aim of this study was to evaluate silicon (Si) and two phosphorus (P) extraction methods in "Latossolos" under corn and sorghum. The experiments were conducted in green-house, in a completely randomized, with corn for the 5x2x2 factorial arrangement, consisting of five P rates (0, 96, 192, 288 and 480 mg dm-3) in the absence and the presence of 300 mg dm-3 of slag in two "Latossolos" and four replicates, while for sorghum the experimental design was 5x2, and is used only one soil. The experimental plots were subjected to two incubation periods, the first with slag (only half of the plot) and then with lime. In the first experiment two plants were cultivated corn pot for 45 days and then ten plants of sorghum for 60. After the experiments took place the collection of plants being evaluated for plant height, stem diameter and dry weight of maize shoots and just shoot dry matter of sorghum, the levels of Si and P in samples soil and plants. The medium texture soil showed better correlations of Si and P. For the Olsen P method as both the Mehlich 1 had good correlation. Sorghum showed higher correlation coefficients than corn.