The objective this work was to evaluate the effect of microbial and chemical insecticides on the fall armyworm Spodoptera frugiperda in the development initial phase of crop corn. The work was lead in the experimental area of the State University of Mato Grosso do sul, in Cassilândia (MS) city. The treatments had been: 1) control; 2) fipronil; 3) thiametoxan; 4) Beauveria bassiana (0,5 kg of p.c/ha), 5) Beauveria bassiana (1 kg of p.c/ha), 6) teflubenzuron and 7) spinosad, in the doses and recommended way of application. After the tenth second after the emergency of the plants (DAE), had been day applied the treatments in foliar spraying (PF), being evaluated to the 2, 9, 15 and 21 days after the application (DAA), the number of small caterpillars (lesser that 1,5 cm) for parcel in 20 showed plants. The applied results show that teflubenzuron and spinosad in PF to the 12 DAE had been most efficient (71 and 83% respectively). The microbial¢s insecticides had not differed significantly from the chemical insecticides in the percentage of plants attacked for the pest and the 15 and 21 DAA.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the growth and spatial distributions of Croton urucurana (sangrad` água) in Dourados-MS. They had been marked, using systematic systematic sampling, 15 plots of 100 m2 in which had been identified all individuals of Croton urucurana that they had been to classified phase of development in young, youthful and adult. To classify the species in the spatial patterns the Payandeh index was used. It was verified 943 individuals with aggregate spatial distribution in the area in study. C. urucurana is in regeneration process with has predominance of young and youthful individuals, 54.1% and 28.4%, respectively, in relation to the adult individuals (17.5%).

The domain geographical ecology of the caatinga occupies an area of about 750.000 Km² and it includes parts of the territories the states of Maranhão, Piauí, Ceará, Rio Grande do Norte, Pernambuco, Paraíba, Alagoas, Sergipe, Bahia and part of Minas Gerais. Its area corresponds at 54% of the Northeast and 11% of the brazilian territory and it constitutes it calling Polygon of the Droughts. The use of the caatinga as extensive pasture comes causing strong degradations and for irreversible times in that ecosystem. They are already found extensive areas whose vegetation already meets very impoverished; having lost the diversification vegetation that is it typical. Even so, the regeneration cannot almost always happen because of the intense and constant human pressure. This, once ceased, it would allow, the medium or long term, that the vegetation if it reconstituted. So that that was possible it would be precise to take in bill the factors such geographical ecology as: location, soil types, rock-mother, indexes precipitation and duration of the station evaporates. Of what concisely was exposed, it can be ended that the degrading activities as, especially the extensive cattle creation, contributed to structural alterations of the caatinga and that these they are reflected in its polymorphism, but they are not the only factors. However that was the purpose of that work of presenting a vision geographical ecology of the caatinga submitted to the human, special activity the cattle creation, and the consequences impacts for the vegetable covering in the semi-arid brazilian.

The objectives of this research were synthesize and characterize the allelopatic activity of 6a,7bdi-hydroxyvouacapan-17b-oic acid derivatives, isolated from seeds of Pterodon polygalaeflorus Benth (Leguminosae). The compound characterization processes involve in infrared spectrometry (IR) and hydrogen and carbon nuclear magnetic resonance (1H and 13C NMR) including experiments in double dimensions (COSY 1H 1H, HMQC and HMBC). Allellopathic effects were evaluated by bioassays, carried out at controlled 25 °C temperature and photoperiod (12h light/12h dark), during 72 hours. Sample concentrations of 1,0, 100,0 and 1000,0 mg.L-1 were tested. Senna occidentalis (fedegoso) and Acanthospermum australe (carrapichinho) were used as the target weed plants. Was observed that the allelopatic effect of the compounds increased as a function of the enhancement of concentration, thus showing a relation dose dependence. The N-ethyl-6a-acethoxy- 7b-hydroxyvouacapan-17b-amide and N,N-diethyl-6a-acethoxy-7b-hydroxyvouacapan 17b-amide were the derivatives that present the biggest inhibitory effect on seed germination and root growth of fedegoso and carrapichinho. Therefore, these compounds represent the most allelochemical potential against these weeds.

The process of water erosion soil involves the detachment of particles soil by raindrop impact, the transport and consequently your deposition, by overland flow of water on the soil. This drainage happens in the flow form to laminate shallow what characterizes the interrill erosion. The work evaluated the efficiency in the different ways of soil cover provided by the sugarcane in the control of the losses of water and of the rates of detachment of the soil. The appraised treatments were: bary soil, residue under surface; dossal of the sugarcane and the added effect of the residue + dossal. The regime of found drainage, to laminate slow, it characterizes the interril erosion. The vegetable covering promoted by the culture of the sugarcane it promoted reduction in the rates of detachment of the soil. The residue in direct contact with soil and with the drainage it was responsible for the increment of the rugosidade, however, it provided low infiltration rates with consequent increase of the rates of loss of water, for constituting in a vegetable layer that hindered the infiltration. The dossal of the cane of suugarcane promoted a larger interception of the rain, delaying the beginning of the drainage, checking the largest infiltration rates obtained.

Cotton seeds require special care during storage to maintain their physiological and sanitary quality. The present work evaluated the physiological and sanitary quality of seeds of three varieties of herbaceous cotton stored for three (Lot 1) and twelve months (Lot 2). Analyses were performed in the Laboratório de Análise de Sementes e de Fitopatologia of the Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Areia-PB, and included tests for: emergence (E), vigor (IVE), green weight (PV), dry weight (PS) and the "Blotter test". Tests for physiological quality were performed in a randomized manner using a (3x2) factorial scheme, with four replicates with 25 seeds. Data on sanitary quality are presented according to the fungus index expressed as percentages. Seeds of the varieties CNPA 7H and BRS Verde demonstrated good levels of emergence after up to 12 months of storage, while seeds of the variety BRS Verde initially demonstrated dormancy, although this was overcome during storage. The fungus most commonly observed among the seed varieties in both storage lots was Rhizopus sp. The variety Aroeira do Sertão demonstrated the greatest incidence and variety of fungal species, a large majority of which were classified as storage fungi.

The ground pods of mesquite (GPM) was submitted to different thermal treatments for two hours after wanted temperature stabilization, for making of the treatments: A = ground pods of mesquite without heat treatment (approximately 30ºC); B = The ground pods of mesquite treated at 60ºC; C = The ground pods of mesquite treated at 80ºC; D = The ground pods of mesquite treated at 100ºC and E = The ground pods of mesquite treated at 120ºC. Soon after, samples were collected for accomplishment for chemical analyses and in vitro digestibility. A completely randomized design with three replications was utilized. The DM, CP, NFE, CF, ADF, celluloses, lignin, ash and CE values, did not were affected (P>0.05) by temperature. It was observed a quadratic effect (P<0.01) on the contents of EE, decreasing linear effect (P<0.01) on the CC and increasing linear effect on the NDF (P<0.01) and Hemicellulose (P<0.05) contents. The in vitro dry matter digestibility and the in vitro organic matter digestibility were not affected (P>0.05) by temperature. On the other hand the in vitro protein digestibility level, showed a quadratic effect (P<0.05), decreasing after 54ºC.

The research was lead in two experiments with the objective of to identify methods to superation of dormancy in seeds of Leucaena leucocephala, Cunningham variety, and to verify the effect of light and temperatures in germination of this species. In first the seeds were submitted the nine methods to superation of dormancy: immersion in water under ambient temperature during 24, 48 and 72 hours, immersion in hot water under temperatures of 60, 80 and 100oC, immersion in sulfuric acid per 5 and 10 minutes, beyond of the witness. In second experiment, after treatment with sulfuric acid for 10 minutes, the seeds were sowed in tabledoch paper type Germitest and put to germinate under ten combinations: continue light and constant temperature of 20, 25, 30 and 35oC; dark continue and constant temperature of 20, 25, 30 and 35oC; alternated temperature of 20-30 and 25-35, both with fotoperiod of eight hours. Conclusion the specie Leucaena leucocephala presents seeds dormancy, detach-itself the sulfuric acid as efficient method to the superation of dormancy; the seeds of leucena are insensitive to the light and your germination was not influenced by the temperatures useds.

The effects of the fertirrigation were evaluated with in nature vinasse on to microorganism of the soil. The soil was treated with three levels different from in nature vinasse (equivalent to 200, 400 and 600m3.ha-1), withhumidity maintained around 70% of c.r.a.. Para isolation and count of the total microorganisms (bacterias, mushrooms and actinomicetos) and microorganisms celulolíticos were used the methods of the dilutions in series. The population of mushrooms had a significant increase with addition of the level of in nature vinasse of 200m3.ha-1, and the population of bacterias only obtained increase starting from the 120 days of incubation, tends larger growth in the level of vinasse 600m3.ha-1. The number of actinomicetos of the soil had a significant reduction in all the levels standing out the one of 600m3.ha-1, already with relationship to the population of microorganisms celulolíticos an increase of in nature vinasse 200m3.ha-1 was verified.

That revision article has for purpose to contain works regarding the of the you analyze physiochemical and microbiológicas of bee honey. They are related some of the most important goods published on the subject, to explain the main ones you analyze that the honey of bees should be submitted since it is a product in natura broadly consumed. The knowledge of the characteristics organoléptica, sensorial and microbiológicas of the honey has been aiding a lot in the characterization and quality control of that food.