Different tillage systems cause changes in the chemical, physical and biological attributes of soil, requiring modifications in the requirements of fertilization and liming. The aim of this work was to assess the effects of tillage systems on chemical of a Yellow Latosol (Oxisols) Cohesive Dystrophic soil, cultivated with soybean in a single and intercropped system with Brachiaria decumbens. The experiment was conducted at the Center of Agricultural Sciences Federal University of Alagoas for five consecutive years. The treatments utilized were: conventional tillage of the soil, minimum cultivation and no-tillage. The systems of soil preparation not exerted influence on the pH at depths of 0-10, 10-20 and 20-30 cm. Variables pH, OM, K, Ca + Mg and V% showed significant reduction of their average in terms of increased depth of sampling. The consortium soybean vs. B. decumbens causes significant increases in levels of potassium in layers at 0-10, 10-20 and 20-30 cm.

The current model of economic development is based on a predatory and exculpatory vision, which discloses a way of being inhuman. Implying in changes of perception, thoughts and values, it has seen, that the form as the nature is explored in accordance with varies the ambient perception of the community or group. This work objectified to analyze the perception of Juazeirinho/PB agricultural communities referring the extinction of biodiversity of caatinga, aiming at to delineate sensitization strategies that make possible the valuation of this biome. The work portrays a carried through participant research with the communities Escurinha and Mendonça. For the collection of data direct comment was used, with visits to the communities, dynamics, half-structuralized interview and accomplishment of meeting. According to community some vegetal and animal species are disappearing. Between the animals they are cited: corduniz (Nothura sp), gato do mato (Felisa tigrina), gato maracajá (Felis wildi), mocó (Kerodon rupestris), preá (Gálea sprixii), Tejo (Família Teiidae), tatu peba (Euphractus sexcinctus), tatu verdadeiro (Dasypus novmcinctus) e o guaxinim (Procyon camcrivorus).Between vegetables they had been cited: Aveloz (Euphorbia gimnoclada), Imbuzeiro (Spondias tuberosa), Aroeira (Myracroduom unrudeuva), Caatingueira (Caesalpinia pyramidali), Baraúna (Schnopsis brasiliensis), Quixabeira (Bumelia sertorum), Mufumbo (Combretum leprosum). We can verify that it is necessary to promote changes in the ambient perception of the studied communities, thus allowing, to awake for problematic ambient, to point and to search solutions, that take the valuation of local biodiversity.

The lettuce is a leafy vegetable and when it is cultivated in regions of intense solar radiation it can¿t develop it's full genetic potential. In this direction this work had the objective of evaluating the productivity of the Butterhead lettuce cultivar using different types of screens in the region of the Submédio São Francisco. The experiment was carried out in raised planting beds, using black screens with 30 and 50% of shading, white screens and in the open sun. The statistical design was the factorial 2x4 and the means were compared by the Turkey test at 5% of probability. In each treatment a termohigrometre and temometers at 40 cm from the ground were coupled with a black globe to get the radiant thermal load, the temperature of the air and the humidity index. At the end of the trial chlorophyll, the diameter of the head, plant height, the number of leaves per plant, the leaf area, fresh and dry weight of plants were collected. The screens affected the parameters analyzed and the treatment PS and TB of shading were the best for commercial parameters.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of artificial cooling associated with the use of diatomaceous earth to control insects in grains of wheat stored in concrete silos. We used two concrete silos, with a static capacity of 2.500 t (Silo A) and the other with static capacity of 5.000 t (Silo B). The surface of the grain silos were treated with diatom earth with a commercial assay (1.0 kg / t of product). For the cooling of the grains, cold air was blown through the aeration system silos until the grains reach a temperature of 17 ° C between the layers. After cooling, it is the retention period of five months. The monitoring of insects in the Silo A was accomplished by collecting infested grain and / or insects with probes. In Silo B, the monitoring was done through the capture of insects with traps of the type calador. In The Silo, were not detected representative quantities of insects in grain up to 120 days, when the collections were made with probes in the layer below the grain treated with diatomaceous earth. In Silo B, where the collection of insects was performed with traps of the type calador, increased population of insects of the species O. surinamensis and R. dominica with the extension of storage. This increase in the number of insects was greater after 60 days of the early experiments. This is happening due to the presence of insects in grain mass before cooling. The use of cooling associated with the inert powder has an effective control of insects in grain mass.

Most of the time, seedlings of yellow passion fruit are produced from seeds. The success in the establishment of the culture depends on several factors, such as the use of seeds of good quality and choice of the best substrate. This work the aim, was to evaluate sources alternative of organic matter in the mixture of substrates for the production of yellow-passion (Passiflora edulis Sims f. flavicarpa Deg) seedlings. The experimental design was in blocks completely randomized, with ten treatments, with four repetitions and ten plants per parcel, been the treatments: pure soil (S), soil + goat manure (S + GM) in the proportion of 3:1, soil + sheep manure (S + SM) in the proportion of 3:1, soil + bovine manure (S + BM) in the proportion of 3:1, soil + earthworm humus (S + H) in the proportion of 3:1, soil + goat manure + sheep manure (S + GM + SM) in the proportion of 2:1:1, soil + goat manure + bovine manure (S + GM + BM) in the proportion of 2:1:1, soil + sheep manure + bovine manure (S + SM + BM) in the proportion of 2:1:1 , soil + sheep manure + bovine manure (S + SM + BM) in the proportion of 2:1:1, pure soil fertilized with single superphosphate and potassium chloride (S + P + K) at doses of 1 kg m-3 and 0.5 kg m-3 respectively and pure soil fertilized with only single superphosphate (S + P) at a dose of 1 kg m-3. The use of goat and sheep manure in mixtures of substrates provided good results in the production of Yellow-passion seedlings. Of all the tested substrates, the substrate soil + bovine manure in the proportion of 3:1 promoted the best development of the yellow-passion seedlings.

The use of different practical vegetal coverings and cultural seems to act directly on soil mesofauna. The objective of this work was to evaluate the variations of the groups of soil mesofauna n different systems of handling of the ground. The treatments had consisted of three areas: castor bean (Ricinus communis L.), pasture (Brachiaria decumbens) and native woods. In each area 21 samples had been removed, seven for treatments, three times. The soil mesofauna extracted using a modified Berlese-Tullgren apparatus. In the evaluation of the ecological behavior ofmesofauna, the total number of individuals was mensured and had been made comparisons of the communities using: the Shannon index and the Pielou index. Pertaining ones to filo Arthropoda had been identified to 13 taxonomics groupsin the three areas in study, being all. In the area and castor bean lesser diversity in the structure of the community of arthropods was verified, evidencing the influence of the culture systems on the population of soil mesofauna, diminishing its density and diversity in relation to the native woods area.

A field experiment was developed in the period of April of 2000 to May of 2002, at the Experimental Station of Jiqui pertaining to the Empresa de Pesquisa Agropecuária do Rio Grande do Norte - EMPARN, Parnamirim city, state of Rio Grande do Norte. The work had as objective to evaluate the effects of nitrogen and potassium applied through irrigation water on the vegetative behavior and productive of green dwarf coconut tree (Cocos nucifera L). The treatments had consisted of the combination through the experimental matrix of Pan Puebla III, 5 doses of N and 5 doses of K2O both oscillating of 135 the 2565g plant -1 year -1 derived of the urea and potassium chloride. The used experimental design was of blocks at random with 4 repetitions and 5 plants for plots totalizing 40 experimental units. The plantation was made in the triangular spacing of 7.5 m between plants and 7.5 m between lines. During the 5th year of culture, from April of 2001 to May of 2002 was quantified the number of fruits in the 13 harvest carried out. The referring variables to the vegetative development, height and circumference of stem, diameter of the top and leaf number, had been measured in May of 2002, in the end of the experiment. The stem circumference increased linearly with the increase of the doses of N and of quadratic form with the doses of K with the biggest value for the dose of 1350 g plants -1 year-1. The leaf number answered only the nitrogen applications. The growth in stem height had influence of N and K, however, data did not adjust to no mathematical model. The diameter of the top of the green dwarfed coconut palm did not suffer significant interference of no applied fertilizer through irrigation water. The number of fruits increased quadratically with the N and K doses. The maximum physical efficiency of the production, 154.75 fruits plants -1 year -1, it was reached with the doses of 1437 g plants -1 year -1 of N and 1553 g plants -1 year -1 of K.

Metarhizium anisopliae var. anisopliae and Metarhizium flavoviride var. flavoviride are entomopathogenic fungi with proved action against several species of insects. In this work, the behavior and cytology of the M. anisopliae var. anisopliae (PL43) and M. flavoviride var. flavoviride (CG291) were evaluated after the passage in eggs, larvae and adults Chrysomya albiceps, an important causer of secondary myiais. The experiment was carried out under an acclimatized environment's humidity and temperature of 60 ± 10% and 28 ± 1oC. The most expressive results of the biological parameters studied (percentage of germination, quantity of conidia, quantity and diameter of colonies) were reached from re-isolated fungi of larvae. No significant differences were observed in the cytological aspects of the life cycle of the fungi post-passage in eggs, larvae and adults. These results suggest the possibility of the use of the fungi in the control of C. albiceps fly.

The present research had as objective to evaluate the effect of the traditional forest fire and the enleirament of organic residues in attributes biological in soil under caatinga. Four areas of caatinga of 1 ha been selected, to know: (a) the area that were deforested, forest fire and planted with maize and beans, after five years of pousio (CQ); b) area that was deforested and the placed organic residues in leiras and planted with maize and beans between the leiras, after five years of pousio (CL); c) area with 5 years of pousio (P5); d) secondary forest established 50 years (Mata). They had been collected, in these areas, soil samples in the layers of 0 - 20 cm composed of twenty subamostras in March of 2006. The following attributes was evaluated in microbiana biomass carbon (CBM), microbial basal respiration (C-CO2), microbial metabolic quotient (q Co2) and relation CBM:COT (qMIC). In adition, was evaluated the total organic carbon (COT) and some attributes quimic of soil. The highest values of CBM and relation CBM:COT had been found in Mata, P5 and CL, while of COT they had been registered in Mata, CQ and P5. The highest values of C-CO2 release had been observed in CQ and NF, followed of CL and P5. The qCO2 rate was higher in the CQ, comparison to the too much treatments that they had not differed between itself. The multivaried analysis was an important auxiliary tool fos suggesting CBM as an attribute to discriminate the studied areas.

The Grass, have high relation for C / N and a fascicule root system, is an alternative for use in the system of tillage (SPD) in northeastern Brazil. This work had the objective to assess the effects of three plants and grass cover on the components of production of the corn crop in no-tillage system and accumulation of biomass of their grass. The design was randomized blocks with four replications, with each plot area of 112 m2 (5,6 x 20,0m). The treatments consisted of the corn cultivation, DKB-333-B, about three grass species (Brachiaria decumbens, Brachiaria humidicola and Tifton in the system of tillage and a witness, without vegetation. The B. decumbens provided higher income to the corn crop, producing 5708 kg ha-1, didn't differ of the witness. The use of grass as cover plants are a viable alternative to the SPD of the corn crop, adding value by producing two crops (corn and grass), and protect the soil against erosion and produce forage for ruminants during the between-season .