Modified cold-induced aggregation microextraction (M-CIAME) is a fast and simple method for extraction and preconcentration of metal ions from samples with high salt content. Furthermore, this technique is much safer in comparison with the organic solvent extraction. The extraction of palladium (Pd) was performed in the presence of Michler thioketone (TMK) as the complexing agent. In this method, sodium hexafluorophosphate (NaPF6) was added to the sample solution containing small amounts of 1-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate [Hmim][BF4]. Afterwards, the solution was placed in the ice bath and a cloudy solution was formed. After centrifuging, the extraction phase was settled. Under the optimum conditions, the limit of detection (LOD) was 0.2 ng mL-1. The relative standard deviation (RSD) was 1.7% for 40 ng mL-1 of palladium (n = 5).

The original mandate of the UN Special Representative on Business and Human Rights said that he should „develop materials and methodologies for undertaking human rights impact assessments.‟ Since then, tools for human rights impact assessment (HRIA) have developed by different actors. This article reviews two such tools, both of which are up for revision in 2010. One is by the International Finance Corporation, International Business Leaders Forum and Global Compact, the other by the Roundtable on Sustainable Biofuels. The article finds that substantive human rights and human rights principles are well understood by the former, while the latter seems to have an inadequate understanding of crucial human rights principles, such as non-discrimination, but the latter has some procedural strengths as compared to the former.

A new method for the determination of trace copper was developed by cloud point extraction preconcentration and spectrophotometry. In the proposed approach, amino acid (isoleucine) was used as the chelating agent, and Triton X-100 was selected as the surfactant. Some factors including pH of sample solution, concentration of the chelating agent and surfactant, and equilibration temperature and time, which affected the extraction efficiency of Cu and its subsequent determination, were studied and optimized. Under the optimum conditions, the calibration graph was linear in the range of 10–1000 μg L−1, preconcentration of 25 mL sample gave an enhancement factor of 22 and a detection limit of 5 μg L−1. The method was successfully applied to the determination of Cu in food and water samples

Objetivou-se avaliar o comportamento ingestivo e consumo de água de caprinos e ovinos alimentados com feno ou silagem de maniçoba (Manihot epruinosa Pax & Hoffmann). Foram empregados sete caprinos sem padrão racial definido, com peso médio inicial de 14,6kg e oito ovinos da raça Santa Inês de 13,9kg. Os animais foram mantidos em baias individuais e distribuídos em delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado, em esquema fatorial 2 x 2 (forma de conservação x espécie animal). Foram avaliados os consumos de matéria seca, matéria orgânica, proteína bruta, fibra em detergente neutro, extrato etéreo, carboidratos totais e carboidratos não fibrosos. Para estudo de comportamento ingestivo, os animais foram observados a cada cinco minutos durante 24h. Os animais alimentados com feno de maniçoba mostraram maior consumo de proteína bruta e extrato etéreo (56 e 24 g/dia) em relação àqueles que receberam a maniçoba conservada pela fermentação (42 e 14g/dia), respectivamente. Não houve diferença entre os tempos de alimentação (405,00 e 399,38 min), ruminação (625,63 e 599,38 min) e ócio (413,13 e 44,01 min) entre os animais alimentados com silagem e feno de maniçoba, respectivamente. No entanto, os animais alimentados com maniçoba conservada mediante fermentação apresentaram menor consumo de água no bebedouro (0,473vs 0,990kg/dia para silagem e feno, respectivamente). Assim, conclui-se que o método de conservação de maniçoba não interferiu no comportamento ingestivo, mas a ingestão da maniçoba conservada mediante fermentação leva ao menor

This is the third volume of the proceedings of the national conference on ‘Water for Food and Environment’, which was held from June 9 –11, 2009 at the Bandaranaike Memorial International Conference Hall (BMICH). The volumes 1 and 2 have been produced as separate documents of this report series. In response to a call for abstracts, 81 abstracts were received from government institutes dealing with water resources and agriculture development, universities, other freelance researchers and researchers from the International Water Management Institute (IWMI). Forty seven of the eighty-one abstracts that were submitted were accepted for compiling full papers. In the past couple of years the sharp increase in food prices worldwide has raised serious concerns about food security, especially in developing countries. To effectively address these concerns a holistic approach is required that encompasses improved agricultural water productivity, adaptation to climate change, targeted and appropriate institutional and financial measures, and a consideration of environmental issues. The main purpose of the conference was to share experiences in these areas and to find opportunities to improve farmers’ incomes and food production, and to promote environmentally sustainable practices in Sri Lanka in the face of growing water scarcity and the challenges of climate change.

A total number of 166 specimens of Mugil cephalus caught from Epe Lagoon (low brackish/ freshwater) were examined for food and feeding habit and biometric features from November 2006 ? May 2007. The food of the species consisted mainly of algae (Bacillariophyta, Cyanophyta, Chlorophyta and Pyrrophyta) and detritus. The size range of fish examined were 12.4 ? 27.0cm (standard length) while the weight ranged from 22.40 ? 308.00g. The mean values of the biometric characters of Mugil cephalus did not reflect wide variations. The population dominant cohort in the lagoon represents the harvestable and marketable representative for a sustainable fishery and is a strong indication of potential for freshwater culture of this marine species. | Includes:- 2 tables.;1 fig.;23 refs.

This is the third volume of the proceedings of the national conference on ?Water for Food and Environment?, which was held from June 9 ?11, 2009 at the Bandaranaike Memorial International Conference Hall (BMICH). The volumes 1 and 2 have been produced as separate documents of this report series. In response to a call for abstracts, 81 abstracts were received from government institutes dealing with water resources and agriculture development, universities, other freelance researchers and researchers from the International Water Management Institute (IWMI). Forty seven of the eighty-one abstracts that were submitted were accepted for compiling full papers. | In the past couple of years the sharp increase in food prices worldwide has raised serious concerns about food security, especially in developing countries. To effectively address these concerns a holistic approach is required that encompasses improved agricultural water productivity, adaptation to climate change, targeted and appropriate institutional and financial measures, and a consideration of environmental issues. The main purpose of the conference was to share experiences in these areas and to find opportunities to improve farmers? incomes and food production, and to promote environmentally sustainable practices in Sri Lanka in the face of growing water scarcity and the challenges of climate change.

A través de un experimento con 192 pollos mantenidos a 30°C en promedio de temperatura ambiente (TA) entre 28 días y 35 días, se evaluó el efecto de la adición de minerales en el agua o el alimento sobre las variables productivas y fisiológicas durante la etapa de finalización, bajo condiciones de estrés calórico crónico y agudo en pollos de engorde. Luego se simuló a los 36 días de edad, el estrés agudo con 36 °C/6 horas, incluyendo 3 tratamientos: T1= Alimento balanceado sin adición mineral, T2= Alimento balanceado con adición mineral en alimento y T3= Alimento balanceado con adición mineral en agua. El diseño experimental fue un arreglo completamente al azar, con 8 repeticiones/tratamiento, 8 pollos/repetición. La composición del suplemento mineral fue: NaHCO3 (0,83%); NH4Cl (0,07%) y; NaCl (0,30%), obteniéndose un balance de electrólitos de 240 mEq. Se evaluaron, el consumo de alimento, consumo de agua, ganancia de peso, conversión de alimento, temperatura corporal (TC), nivel de hiperventilación (NH), durante el estrés crónico y mortalidad (M) durante el estrés agudo. Los datos fueron analizados mediante pruebas de ANAVAR y de Chicuadrado para la mortalidad. Encontrándose que al adicionar minerales tanto en el agua como en el alimento, no hubo efecto significativo en las variables productivas. Se observó que los pollos que recibieron minerales (T2 y T3), incrementaron el consumo promedio de agua en un 34% (P=0,016) con respecto al T1. La adición de minerales en el agua permitió una disminución (P=0,007) de la TC (42,80 ± 0,16 °C), NH (159,95 ± 4,93 insp/min) y una reducción de la M hasta un 22% durante la simulación del estrés calórico agudo. Se concluye que la adición de minerales afecta principalmente las variables fisiológicas y la mortalidad | In order to evaluate the effect of mineral supplying in water or feed on productive and physiological variables in broilers under acute and chronic heat stress during final growth stage an experiment was conducted. Using a completely randomized design, a total of 195 broilers were randomly assigned to three treatments with 8 replicates of 8 birds each one. The treatments were T1 = basal diet with no mineral addition; T2 = basal diet plus mineral addition in feed; T3 = basal diet plus mineral addition in water, which were applied from 28 days of age. Before this period all broilers were receiving a same balance diet. The composition of the mineral formula used was: NaHCO3 (0,83%); NH4Cl (0,07%); NaCl (0,30%), obtaining an electrolytes balance of 240 mEq. Between 28 to 35 days of age, all these groups of birds were subjected at 30 ºC and the following day an acute heat stress was simulated using 36ºC for 6 hours. At 28 to 36 days old the following parameters were measured: feed and water consumption, body weight gain, feed conversion index, body temperature (BT), hyperventilation level (HL) and mortality (M) during acute stress. An ANOVA test was applied to all variables except M, which a Chi-squared test was performed. No significant effects on productive variables were found with minerals adding, neither to the water nor to the feed. Water consumption was 34% greater in T3 and T2 (P=0,016) regard to T1, which not received minerals. Mineral addition in water reduced significantly (P=0,007) BT (42,80 ± 0,16 °C), HL (159,95 ± 4,93 breaths/min) and M was reduced until 22% during acute heat stress period. It is concluded that mineral supplying affects mostly physiological variables and mortality