The fishing sector constitutes an important source of economic revenue in northern Spain. In this context, various research studies have focused on the application of the five-step Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) and Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) methodology to quantify environmental impacts of fishing systems. However, some of them have used environmental indicators that focus on individual environmental issues, hindering the goal of achieving integrated resource management. Therefore, in this study, the Water-Energy-Food (WEF) Nexus is employed as an integrative perspective that considers the synergies and trade-offs between carbon footprint, energy requirements, and water demand. The main objective of this study is to evaluate the operational efficiency and environmental impacts of Cantabrian fishing fleets. To this end, the combined use of LCA and DEA, along with the WEF Nexus, was applied to the Cantabrian purse seine fleet. DEA matrices were generated using the LCA-derived WEF nexus values as inputs to calculate efficiency scores for each vessel. Subsequently, based on the efficiency projections provided by the DEA model, a new impact assessment was performed to understand the eco-efficiency and potential environmental benefits of operating at higher levels of efficiency within this fleet. The average efficiency of the fleet was above 60 %. Inefficient units demonstrated a greater potential to reduce their environmental impacts (up to 65 %) by operating according to efficiency projections. Furthermore, the results revealed a strong dependence of environmental impacts on one of the operational inputs, i.e., fuel consumption. These findings highlight the significance of embracing holistic approaches that combine technical, economic, and social factors to achieve a sustainable balance in fisheries systems. In this regard, the five-step LCA + DEA method applied in conjunction with the WEF Nexus emerged as a suitable tool for measuring operational and environmental objectives. | This work was supported by the EAPA_576/2018NEPTUNUS project. The authors would like to acknowledge the financial support of Interreg Atlantic Area. Furthermore, the authors are grateful for the funding of the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation through the SMARTFOODPRINT project (PID2022-137023OB-C31) (AEO/FEDER, UE). We also want to thank the fishermen and those responsible for the processing plant for the provision of the data. Eva Martínez-Ibanez is grateful for funding through the FPI predoctoral fellowship (PREP2022- 000784)

Poster for University of Edinburgh One Health Day, 1 November 2024

Smallholder farmers, who mostly engage in low-value agriculture in the drylands of Northern Africa, were the first to have felt the effects of climate change, with threats to their livelihoods and food security. The increasing costs of agricultural production, poor water and energy infrastructure, loss of agricultural land due to urban expansion, fragmented resource management, and unsustainable management practices all contribute to this vulnerability to climate change. This highlights the urgent need for innovative practices in farming systems. Within the framework of the water–energy–food–ecosystem nexus, this paper explores innovative practices in dryland farming systems, by assessing their impact on water, energy, food, and ecosystem through stakeholder perception. In this work, we aim to present a systems approach for assessing the resilience of the water–energy–food–ecosystem nexus in arid and semiarid regions. By using a multi-criteria analysis (MCA) approach, the study—which focuses on the Fès–Meknès region in Morocco—involves local actors to help researchers identify the key variables in order to assist farmers in their adaptation to climate change. The findings revealed different priorities between farmers and other stakeholders regarding the adoption of agricultural innovations. Farmers prioritize innovations that guarantee higher profitability and more market opportunities, such as integrating olive trees with cereal crops, by highlighting the importance of sustainable income sources. Meanwhile, stakeholders, such as researchers, engineers, government officials, and agribusiness entrepreneurs, prioritize innovations that emphasize high water use efficiency, which is crucial for the resilience of dryland farming areas: for instance, rainwater harvesting or the use of drought-resistant crop varieties that directly address the need for water conservation. But in doing so they are overlooking broader aspects within the water–energy–food–ecosystem nexus.

Smallholder farmers, who mostly engage in low-value agriculture in the drylands of Northern Africa, were the first to have felt the effects of climate change, with threats to their livelihoods and food security. The increasing costs of agricultural production, poor water and energy infrastructure, loss of agricultural land due to urban expansion, fragmented resource management, and unsustainable management practices all contribute to this vulnerability to climate change. This highlights the urgent need for innovative practices in farming systems. Within the framework of the water–energy–food–ecosystem nexus, this paper explores innovative practices in dryland farming systems, by assessing their impact on water, energy, food, and ecosystem through stakeholder perception. In this work, we aim to present a systems approach for assessing the resilience of the water–energy–food–ecosystem nexus in arid and semiarid regions. By using a multi-criteria analysis (MCA) approach, the study—which focuses on the Fès–Meknès region in Morocco—involves local actors to help researchers identify the key variables in order to assist farmers in their adaptation to climate change. The findings revealed different priorities between farmers and other stakeholders regarding the adoption of agricultural innovations. Farmers prioritize innovations that guarantee higher profitability and more market opportunities, such as integrating olive trees with cereal crops, by highlighting the importance of sustainable income sources. Meanwhile, stakeholders, such as researchers, engineers, government officials, and agribusiness entrepreneurs, prioritize innovations that emphasize high water use efficiency, which is crucial for the resilience of dryland farming areas: for instance, rainwater harvesting or the use of drought-resistant crop varieties that directly address the need for water conservation. But in doing so they are overlooking broader aspects within the water–energy–food–ecosystem nexus.

To comprehend the intricate interaction between water resources and food security, it is critical to examine the hidden water footprint (WF) of food consumption and its underlying causes within specific nations or areas. This study investigates the changes in the quality and structure of food consumption in China’s urban and rural areas from 2000 to 2020. Following the calculation of the WF associated with food consumption for both urban and rural populations, this study uses ArcGIS 10.6 software to map the spatial configuration of the provincial per capita WF. Moreover, the random forest model is utilized to uncover the salient determinants influencing the WF of food consumption in urban and rural contexts. Quantitatively, rural populations have witnessed a more pronounced acceleration in their per capita food WF compared with urban entities, with a notable upswing in the proportion of meat and poultry consumption. Spatially, regions exhibiting elevated WF for urban populations have transitioned from the western zones toward the southeast and northeast, whereas a marked east–west dichotomy is evident in rural areas. In terms of drivers, for urban demographics, economic variables emerge as paramount determinants for food WF, while rural areas underscore the prominence of natural and technological parameters. The insights garnered from this investigation bear profound implications for facilitating balanced nutritional intake among China’s urban and rural populations, alleviating food-related water resource pressures, and optimizing water resource utilization.

Cyclospora cayetanensis is a coccidian parasite of the phylum Apicomplexa that causes cyclosporiasis, a human-specific gastrointestinal disease. Unlike most enteric pathogens, C. cayetanensis does not infect via direct fecal–oral transmission between humans because shed oocysts must be exposed to environmental triggers prior to becoming infectious. The development of specific and sensitive detection methods for C. cayetanensis is crucial to effectively address data gaps and provide regulatory support during outbreak investigations. In this study, new more specific molecular markers for the detection of C. cayetanensis were developed based on updated genomic databases of Apicomplexa mitochondrial sequences. Novel alternative reagents and supplies, as well as optimization protocols, were tested in spiked produce and agricultural water samples. The selected Mit1C primers and probe combined showed at least 13 mismatches to other related species. The new optimized qualitative real-time PCR assay with modifications to sample processing and replacement of discontinued items produced results comparable to the previously validated methods. In conclusion, the new optimized qualitative Mit1C real-time PCR assay demonstrated an increase in its specificity in comparison to other detection methods previously published, while it showed to be robust and as sensitive as the previously validated method at the FDA. This study has also expanded the array of PCR reagents that can be used to detect C. cayetanensis in produce and agricultural water samples and provided several improvements to the method for detection in agricultural water including replacements for discontinued items and a new dialysis filter for water filtration.

El estudio de servicios ecosistémicos (SE) ha estado basado en su potencial biofísico y económico, dejando de lado las percepciones acerca de formas locales de gobernanza sobre los SE, más aún, omitiendo las especificidades de los contextos territoriales que pueden generar perjuicios o DSE que afectan el bienestar de la sociedad y el cuidado de la naturaleza. El presente estudio se realizó en el municipio de Santa Rosa de Cabal con las personas comerciantes y productoras del municipio, para lo cual se abarcó un enfoque etnográfico en el que se utilizaron herramientas como la entrevista semiestructurada, la observación simple, las 9 notas de campo, el dibujo y las fotografías, que permitieron identificar el papel del alimento y el agua para la aproximación a sus interacciones con servicios y dis-servicios ecosistémicos como insumo en la formulación de políticas públicas ambientales en el municipio. Existen indicadores representativos que potencian el abastecimiento sostenible de alimentos como la producción orgánica, el mercado campesino, la activa participación de mujeres en la producción, comercialización y transformación de alimentos; a su vez otros indicadores que deben fortalecerse como la participación de jóvenes en la producción, la ausencia de garantías socioeconómicas de los adultos mayores, el acceso desigual a los canales de comercialización, los altos costos de transporte de los alimentos, la inadecuada gestión del agua, entre otros. | Resumen 1. Introducción……………………………………………………………………………10 2. Fundamentos y referentes teóricos……………………………………………………..13 2.1. Papel del alimento y el agua……………………………………………………….13 2.2. Percepciones de servicios y dis-servicios ecosistémicos………………………….14 2.3. Percepciones de SE/DSE en la toma de decisiones y políticas públicas…………..17 3. Metodología……………………………………………………………………………18 3.1. Localización del área de estudio…………………………………………………..18 3.2. Papel del alimento y el agua y sus interacciones con SE y DSE………………….20 3.3. Análisis de servicios y dis-servicios ecosistémicos……………………………….21 3.4. Construcción de indicadores………………………………………………………22 4. Resultados……………………………………………………………………………..23 4.1. Papel del alimento y sus interacciones con servicios y dis-servicios ecosistémicos………………………………………………………………………23 4.1.1. Caracterización de los actores……………………………………………..24 4.1.2. Abastecimiento de alimentos………………………………………………27 4.1.3. Producción de alimentos…………………………………………………...32 4.1.4. Transformación de alimentos………………………………………………34 4.1.5. Comercialización de alimentos…………………………………………….34 4.1.6. Percepciones de los dis-servicios asociados al papel del alimento…………39 4 4.2. Papel del agua y sus interacciones con servicios y dis-servicios ecosistémicos……....................................................................................................41 4.2.1. Abastecimiento de agua…………………………………………………....41 4.2.2. Usos del agua y sus beneficios…………………………………………….42 4.2.3. Percepciones de los dis-servicios asociados al abastecimiento del agua………………………………………………………………………..43 4.3. Consolidación de las percepciones sobre servicios y dis-servicios asociados al papel del agua y el alimento a través del uso de indicadores…………………………… 44 5. Discusión……………………………………………………………………………... 49 5.1. Disponibilidad y abastecimiento de alimentos……………………………………49 5.2. Sitios de distribución y comercialización de alimentos…………………………...51 5.3. Aspectos socioeconómicos de la población rural…………………………………52 5.4. Interacciones en la gestión y usos del agua……………………………………….53 5.5. Indicadores y elementos claves como insumo en la formulación de políticas publicas ambientales……………………………………………………………………….. 54 6. Conclusiones………………………………………………………………………….. 55 7. Recomendaciones…………………………………………………………………….. 56 8. Bibliografía…………………………………………………………………………….57 9. Anexos…………………………………………………………………………………64 Anexo I. Estructura de entrevistas semiestructuradas…………………………………64 Anexo II. Procedencia y tipos de alimentos que ingresan a la plaza de mercado………………………………………………………………………………..67 Anexo III. Percepción de dis-servicios asociados a la comercialización de alimentos………………………………………………………………………………70 Anexo IV. Percepciones de los dis-servicios asociados a la producción de alimentos………………………………………………………………………………73 5 Anexo V. Percepciones de los dis-servicios asociados al aprovisionamiento de agua……………………………………………………………………………………77 Lista de figuras Figura 1. Localización de las fincas involucradas en el proyecto…………………………19 Figura 2. Marco de indicadores……………………………………………………………22 Figura 3. Origen de producción de los alimentos comercializados en la plaza de mercado Los Fundadores……………………………………………………………………………….28 Figura 4. Numero de alimentos por grupo de acuerdo al departamento de procedencia…………………………………………………………………………………...29 Figura 5. Sitios y periodicidad del aprovisionamiento de alimentos……………………...30 Figura 6. Variables que influyen en la fijación de precios de los alimentos……………....31 Figura 7. Prácticas en las fincas………………………………………………………….. 32 Figura 8. Porcentaje de productores que transforman productos y alimentos……………..34 Figura 9. Porcentaje de los sitios de distribución de los alimentos………………………..38 Figura 10. Fuentes de aprovisionamiento de agua………………………………………...42 Figura 11. Porcentaje de fincas con presencia de pozo séptico……………………………42 Figura 12. Mercado campesino, artesanal y agroecológico……………………………….45 Figura 13. Plaza de mercado Los Fundadores……………………………………………..45 Lista de tablas Tabla 1. Descripción de los atributos de sostenibilidad…………………………………...23 Tabla 2. Características de los comerciantes………………………………………………24 Tabla 3. Características de las personas productoras……………………………………...26 Tabla 4. Variables que influyen en los costos de transporte de los alimentos…………….31 Tabla 5. Porcentajes y tipos de cultivos en las fincas……………………………………..32 Tabla 6. Porcentaje y especies de animales en las fincas …………………………………33 Tabla 7. Alimentos y productos comercializados…………………………………………35 Tabla 8. Sitios de distribución de los alimentos por localidad…………………………….39 Tabla 9. Dis-servicios asociados al papel del alimento……………………………………41 Tabla 10. Usos y beneficios del agua……………………………………………………...43 Tabla 11. Dis-servicios asociados al papel del agua………………………………………44 Tabla 12. Indicadores de sostenibilidad en el papel del agua y el alimento……………….46 | Pregrado | Administrador(a) Ambiental

La industria 4.0, conocida como cuarta revolución industrial, es responsable de la transformación en la forma de producir alimento, de manera eficiente y sostenible. Este estudio tiene como objetivo presentar los indicadores de productividad científica relacionadas con las nuevas tecnologías implementadas para la automatización de alimentación y medición de calidad de agua en tilapia y salmónidos. Para ello, se realizó un análisis bibliométrico usando la base de datos de Scopus de artículos publicados durante el 2018-2024. Los hallazgos muestras que la productividad científica empieza a tener más impulso en el año 2022. Sin embargo, persisten los desafíos relacionados con la falta de inversión y poco interés sobre el tema. En cuento a los parámetros de calidad de agua en salmónidos, los países más influyentes son Canadá, China, Noruega y Estados Unidos; mientras que en tilapia son Filipinas, Indonesia y Tailandia los artículos publicados están enfocados en el uso de herramientas tecnológicas para monitorizar y controlar parámetros de calidad de agua en tiempo real. En comparación con los países más influyentes en la automatización de la alimentación en salmónidos son Estados unidos, China y Noruega, mientras que, en el caso de la tilapia son Filipinas, China e Indonesia, los artículos publicados se centran en la automatización de la alimentación, resaltando beneficios como la precisión en la cantidad de ración, programación de horarios, mejorando el crecimiento homogéneo, la eficiencia en conversión alimenticia. Aunque Noruega es el principal país productor de salmónidos, no ocupa el primer lugar en la publicación de científicas, lo que refleja el enfoque gubernamental para el financiamiento de proyectos de investigación y el intercambio de conocimiento. Se puede concluir la importancia de monitorizar los parámetros de calidad de agua y los sistemas de automatización de alimentación para mitigar riesgos sanitarios, reducir la alta mortalidad, mejorar el bienestar animal, minimizar el impacto ambiental y mejorar la eficiencia de las prácticas de manejo sostenible y productivo. | Industry 4.0, known as the fourth industrial revolution, is responsible for the transformation in the way food is produced, efficiently and sustainably. This study aims to present the indicators of scientific productivity related to the new technologies implemented for the automation of feeding and water quality measurement in tilapia and salmonids. For this purpose, a bibliometric analysis was performed using the Scopus database of articles published during 2018-2024. The findings show that scientific productivity starts to have more momentum in the year 2022. However, challenges related to lack of investment and little interest in the subject persist. However, there are still challenges related to lack of investment and little interest in the subject. In terms of water quality parameters in salmonids, the most influential countries are Canada, China, Norway and the United States; while in tilapia, the Philippines, Indonesia and Thailand are the most influential countries. In comparison, the most influential countries in salmonid feed automation are the United States, China and Norway, while in the case of tilapia it is the Philippines, China and Indonesia, the published articles focus on feed automation, highlighting benefits such as precision in ration quantity, scheduling, improving homogeneous growth, feed conversion efficiency. Although Norway is the leading producer of salmonids, it does not rank first in the publication of scientific papers, reflecting the government's approach to funding research projects and knowledge sharing. We can conclude the importance of monitoring water quality parameters and feeding automation systems to mitigate health risks, reduce high mortality, improve animal welfare, minimize environmental impact and improve the efficiency of sustainable and productive management practices. | 1. Introducción. -- 2. Planteamiento problema. -- 3. Justificación. -- 4. Objetivos. -- 4.1. Objetivo general. -- 4.2. Objetivos específicos. -- 5. Marco conceptual. -- 5.1. Acuicultura inteligente. -- 5.2. Descripción de las especies en estudio. -- 5.2.1 Cíclidos. -- 5.2.2. Caracterización. -- 5.2.3 Salmón. -- 5.2.4. Caracterización. -- 5.3. Sensores. -- 5.3.1. Sensores inalámbricos-redes. -- 5.4. Internet de las cosas (IoT). -- 5.5. Inteligencia artificial. -- 5.5.1. Aprendizaje de máquinas. -- 5.6. Visión artificial. -- 5.7 Calidad de agua. -- 5.7.1 Parámetros fisicoquímicos. -- 5.8. Automatización de alimento. -- 5.9 Raciones de alimento. -- 5.10. Manejo de alimento. -- 6. Marco Normativo. -- 7. Estado del arte. -- 8. Metodología. -- 9. Análisis bibliométrico. -- 9.1. Red de desempeño por años de publicación. -- 9.2. Países más influyentes de automatización en parámetros de calidad de agua. -- 9.3 Países más influyentes en automatización de la alimentación. -- 9.4. Autores influyentes. -- 9.5. Instituciones influyentes en calidad de agua. -- 9.6. Instituciones influyentes en automatización de la alimentación. -- 10. Discusión. -- 10.1. Impacto de las tendencias de publicaciones. -- 10.2. Desafíos y limitaciones. -- 11. Conclusiones. -- 12. Bibliografía. | Pregrado | Médico veterinario

A abordagem Nexus foca na avaliação integrada das opções de desenvolvimento e gestão visando às seguranças hídrica, alimentar e energética (SHAE). Este artigo visa apresentar uma estratégia metodológica para avaliação da influência de políticas públicas (PP) nas SHAE, sendo aplicada na região hidrográfica Guandu (RH-II), com ênfase no município de Rio Claro, RJ. A estratégia metodológica é composta de quatro etapas: levantamento e sistematização de PP nos diferentes níveis em base de dados, identificação de critérios e classificação das PP, seleção das PP estruturantes e integradoras e a avaliação das mesmas. Para o caso da RH-II, cerca de 43% das PP atendem a mais de uma segurança. Cinco PP foram selecionadas como estruturantes e integradoras e avaliadas em relação ao potencial impacto nas SHAE da área de estudo. A área de estudo foi bastante promissora para a aplicação da abordagem Nexus para avaliação do potencial impacto das PP nas SHAE, pois possui um elevado percentual de remanescentes florestais e elevada demanda por água e energia. Esses fatores a tornam alvo de PP de restauração e conservação florestal, do solo e da água e de mecanismos de compensação. A presente estratégia metodológica pode ser aplicada em outras regiões ou bacias hidrográficas do país, visando subsidiar a gestão integrada das SHAE nas mesmas | Também publicado em inglês. Título em inglês: Evaluation of the influence of public policies on the water, food and energy Nexus in the Guandu hydrographic region – Rio de Janeiro – Brazil.