Aquest article explica el paper de l’aigua en el comportament general de les plantes i, en concret, la seva rellevància en l’agricultura, amb l’objectiu que els lectors, no especialitzats en aspectes fisiològics, entenguin la importància del recurs de l’aigua en la producció d’aliments i béns. Per a fer-ho, s’analitzen els conceptes més rellevants que governen el funcionament de l’aigua a la planta i la relació amb els processos més lligats a la producció (fotosíntesi i creixement vegetatiu). Per a il·lustrar aquests conceptes es presenten alguns exemples agronòmics relacionats amb la sensibilitat estacional al dèficit hídric, l’eficiència en l’ús de l’aigua o la dependència de la producció d’aliments a la disponibilitat d’aigua.PARAULES CLAU: aigua, producció d’aliments, fisiologia vegetal, potencial hídric, fotosíntesi, transpiració, sensibilitat estacional al dèficit hídric. | This paper explains the role of water in the general behaviour of plants and more specifically its importance in agriculture, with the aim to let the reader who is not specialized in physiological aspects understand the function of water in the production of food and goods. To do this, the most significant concepts regulating the behaviour of water inside the plant have been analysed, together with the relationship of water with the processes most closely linked to production (photosynthesis and vegetative growth). Likewise, to illustrate these concepts, some agronomic examples are given in relation to seasonal sensitivity to water deficit, water use efficiency, and the dependence of food production on water availability.KEYWORDS: water, food production, plant physiology, water potential, photosynthesis, transpiration, seasonal sensitivity to water deficit. | Este artículo explica el papel del agua en el comportamiento general de las plantas y, en concreto, su relevancia en la agricultura, con el objetivo de que los lectores, no especializados en aspectos fisiológicos, puedan entender la importancia del recurso del agua en la producción de alimentos y bienes. Para ello, se han analizado los conceptos más destacados que gobiernan el funcionamiento del agua en la planta y su relación con los procesos más vinculados a la producción (fotosíntesis y crecimiento vegetativo). Para ilustrar estos conceptos se presentan algunos ejemplos agronómicos relacionados con la sensibilidad estacional al déficit hídrico, la eficiencia en el uso del agua o la dependencia de la producción de alimentos a la disponibilidad de agua.PALABRAS CLAVE: agua, producción de alimentos, fisiología vegetal, potencial hídrico, fotosíntesis, transpiración, sensibilidad estacional al déficit hídrico.

The Present situation of the people is not bad thought they still need more relief and humanitarian aid such as food parcels health and education services in order to improve their living condition therefore we suggest to help that people in order to little survive their lives and improve tier wellbeing. ANNEX

Access to sufficient and clean freshwater is essential for all life. Water is also essential for food system functioning: as a key input into food production, but also in processing and preparation, and as a food itself. Water scarcity and pollution are growing, affecting poorer populations, particularly food producers. Malnutrition levels are also on the rise, and this is closely linked to water scarcity. Achievement of Sustainable Development Goal 2 (SDG 2) and Sustainable Development Goal 6 (SDG 6) are co-dependent. Solutions to jointly improve food systems and water security outcomes that the United Nations Food Security Summit (UNFSS) should consider include: 1) Strengthening efforts to retain water-based ecosystems and their functions; 2) Improving agricultural water management for better diets for all; 3) Reducing water and food losses beyond the farmgate; 4) Coordinating water with nutrition and health interventions; 5) Increasing the environmental sustainability of food systems; 6) Explicitly addressing social inequities in water-nutrition linkages; and 7) Improving data quality and monitoring for water-food system linkages, drawing on innovations in information and communications technology (ICT). | Non-PR | IFPRI5; CRP5; UNFSS; 1 Fostering Climate-Resilient and Sustainable Food Supply; DCA | EPTD | 13 pages | CGIAR Research Program on Water, Land and Ecosystems (WLE)

Water Footprint (WF, henceforth) is an indicator of water consumption and has taken ground to assess the impact of agricultural production processes over freshwater. The focus of this study was contrasting non-conventional, certified products with identical products obtained through conventional production schemes (REF, henceforth) using WF as a measure of their pressure on water resources. The aim was to the show whether products that are certified as Food Quality Schemes (FQS, henceforth) could also incorporate the lower impact on water among their quality features. To perform this comparison, we analysed 23 products selected among Organic, PDO and PGI as FQS, and their conventional counterparts. By restricting the domain of analysis to the on-farm phase of the production chain, we obtained that that no significant differences emerged between the FQS and REF products. However, if the impact is measured per unit area rather than per unit product, FQS showed a significant reduction in water demand. | Objectius de Desenvolupament Sostenible::12 - Producció i Consum Responsables | Postprint (published version)

International audience | Abstract Water Footprint (WF, henceforth) is an indicator of water consumption and has taken ground to assess the impact of agricultural production processes over freshwater. The focus of this study was contrasting non-conventional, certified products with identical products obtained through conventional production schemes (REF, henceforth) using WF as a measure of their pressure on water resources. The aim was to the show whether products that are certified as Food Quality Schemes (FQS, henceforth) could also incorporate the lower impact on water among their quality features. To perform this comparison, we analysed 23 products selected among Organic, PDO and PGI as FQS, and their conventional counterparts. By restricting the domain of analysis to the on-farm phase of the production chain, we obtained that that no significant differences emerged between the FQS and REF products. However, if the impact is measured per unit area rather than per unit product, FQS showed a significant reduction in water demand.

The role of water quality, particularly its impact on health, environment and wider well-being, are rarely acknowledged in the water–energy–food (WEF) nexus. Here we demonstrate the necessity to include water quality within the water dimension of the WEF nexus to address complex and multi-disciplinary challenges facing humanity. Firstly, we demonstrate the impact of water quality on the energy and food dimensions of the WEF nexus and vice versa at multiple scales, from households to cities, regions and transboundary basins. Secondly, we use examples to demonstrate how including water quality would have augmented and improved the WEF analysis and its application. Finally, we encourage hydrological scientists to promote relevant water quality research as addressing WEF nexus challenges. To make tangible progress, we propose that analysis of water quality interactions focuses initially on WEF nexus “hotspots,” such as cities, semi-arid areas, and areas dependent on groundwater or climate change-threatened meltwater.

International audience | Many studies examine the correlation between the use of resources such as water, energy and land, and the production of food. These nexus studies focus predominantly on large scale systems, often considering the social dimensions only in terms of access to resources and participation in the decision-making process, rather than individual attitudes and behaviours with respect to resource use. Such a concept of the nexus is relevant to urban agriculture (UA), but it requires customisation to the particular characteristics of growing food in cities, which is practiced mainly at a small scale and produces not only food but also considerable social, economic, and environmental co-benefits. To this end, this paper proposes a new conceptual basis for a UA Nexus, together with an assessment methodology that explicitly includes social dimensions in addition to food, energy and water. The conceptual basis introduces People, together with Food, Energy and Water, as a fundamental factor of the UA Nexus. On this basis, a methodology is developed measuring not only resource efficiency and food production but also motivations and health benefits. It comprises a combination of methods such as diaries of everyday UA practices, a database of UA activities, life cycle assessment (LCA), and material flow analysis to connect investigations developed at a garden scale to the city scale. A case study shows an application of the methodology.

In the last years, Singapore has set clear targets to transition towards a circular economy. To advance on those targets, the country has introduced policies and strategies to encourage businesses and society to adopt sustainable practices. In 2019, Singapore launched a Zero Waste Master Plan, which lays out strategies for waste and resource management within the context of the circular economy. With this plan, Singapore aims to reduce the amount of waste sent to landfills by 30% by 2030. And it targets food, electronics, and packaging, including plastics, as priority waste streams. This report provides an overview of Singapore’s food waste management with special emphasis on food waste valorization strategies. Through an exploratory study and conducting interviews with different stakeholders, i.e., individuals, government, businesses, research institutes, key drivers and constraints to increasing food waste valorization were identified. The report also includes the view of food waste experts on valorization strategies that can be applied in the Singaporean context.

Many studies examine the correlation between the use of resources such as water, energy and land, and the production of food. These nexus studies focus predominantly on large scale systems, often considering the social dimensions only in terms of access to resources and participation in the decision-making process, rather than individual attitudes and behaviours with respect to resource use. Such a concept of the nexus is relevant to urban agriculture (UA), but it requires customisation to the particular characteristics of growing food in cities, which is practiced mainly at a small scale and produces not only food but also considerable social, economic, and environmental co-benefits. To this end, this paper proposes a new conceptual basis for a UA Nexus, together with an assessment methodology that explicitly includes social dimensions in addition to food, energy and water. The conceptual basis introduces People, together with Food, Energy and Water, as a fundamental factor of the UA Nexus. On this basis, a methodology is developed measuring not only resource efficiency and food production but also motivations and health benefits. It comprises a combination of methods such as diaries of everyday UA practices, a database of UA activities, life cycle assessment (LCA), and material flow analysis to connect investigations developed at a garden scale to the city scale. A case study shows an application of the methodology.