With the objective to study the effects of five levels of electrical conductivity of the irrigation water (ECw: 0.7; 2.7; 4.7; 6.7 and 8.7 dS m-1, at 25 oC), on the initial growth and development of three cultivars (Nordestina, Paraguaçu e CSRN-367) of castor bean (Ricinus communis L.), an experiment was conducted (5X3 factorial), in a randomized design with 3 repetitions. The appraised variables were plant height, number of leavEs and stem diameter, twenty, forty and sixty days after seeding (DAS). There was no interactive effect of the factors, except for plant height and number of leaves. The plant height decreased with the increase of salinity, the relative decrease at 20, 40 and 60 DAS being, respectively of 8.68, 9.70 and 9.77% for unitary increment of Ecw. The number of leaves showed significant effect for the levels of ECw and the stem diameter decreased linearly with the increment of ECw above 0.7 dS m-1, the decrease being 7.63 and 7.91% for unitary increment of electrical conductivity of the irrigation water, 40 and 60 DAS, respectively.

With the objective to study the effects of five levels of electrical conductivity of the irrigation water (ECw: 0.7; 2.7; 4.7; 6.7 and 8.7 dS m-1, at 25 oC), on the initial growth and development of three cultivars (Nordestina, Paraguaçu e CSRN-367) of castor bean (Ricinus communis L.), an experiment was conducted (5X3 factorial), in a randomized design with 3 repetitions. The appraised variables were plant height, number of leavEs and stem diameter, twenty, forty and sixty days after seeding (DAS). There was no interactive effect of the factors, except for plant height and number of leaves. The plant height decreased with the increase of salinity, the relative decrease at 20, 40 and 60 DAS being, respectively of 8.68, 9.70 and 9.77% for unitary increment of Ecw. The number of leaves showed significant effect for the levels of ECw and the stem diameter decreased linearly with the increment of ECw above 0.7 dS m-1, the decrease being 7.63 and 7.91% for unitary increment of electrical conductivity of the irrigation water, 40 and 60 DAS, respectively.

Os adjuvantes quando adicionados aos produtos fitossanitários, podem imprimir características desejáveis à calda de pulverização, como reduzir a tensão superficial em soluções aquosas, possibilitar maior contato da calda com a superfície vegetal ou reduzir o potencial de deriva durante as pulverizações. Objetivou-se neste trabalho avaliar o comportamento da tensão superficial em gotas de solução preparada com o herbicida 2,4–D sob diferentes concentrações (0, 0,05, 0,1, 0,2 e 0,4 % do volume de calda) do adjuvante éster metílico de óleo de soja (Aureo®). A água utilizada para avaliação foi coletada em 10 abastecedouros comunitários de diferentes regiões do oeste do Paraná. Em laboratório efetuou-se a pesagem das gotas formadas na extremidade de uma bureta, com 4 repetições. Os dados foram submetidos à ANOVA, os locais comparados pelo teste de Tukey a 5 % e as doses submetidas à análise de regressão. Houve resposta significativa (P

Given the need to satisfy the demand for fish consumption, canned native fish has emerged as a market alternative, but it is necessary to determine the nutritional aspects of this product. The aim of this study was to characterise the lipid profile and evaluate the nutritional quality of matrinxã preserved in vegetable oil and compare these results with freshwater sardines obtained from the same type of processing and canning. Matrinxã species had higher protein content than sardines, but sardines had higher levels of moisture, lipids and total minerals. The predominant fatty acid in the canned fish samples was linoleic acid, followed by oleic acid and palmitic acid. In terms of nutritional quality, matrinxã showed higher indices of atherogenicity and thrombogenicity and lower values of the following ratios: hypocholesterolemic and hypercholesterolemic fatty acids; polyunsaturated/saturated and omega 6/omega 3 ratio in relation to sardines. In view of the results, it can be affirmed that Matrinxã, from a nutritional point of view, presents itself as a good alternative for the canned fish industry.