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Hydrogeology of the Kabul Basin (Afghanistan), part II: groundwater geochemistry | Hydrogéologie du Bassin de Kaboul (Afghanistan), partie II: géochimie de l’eau souterraine Hidrogeología de la cuenca de Kabul (Afghanistan), parte II: geoquímica del agua subterránea 阿富汗喀布尔盆地水文地质之二: 地下水地球化学 Hidrogeologia da Bacia de Kabul (Afeganistão), parte II: hidrogeoquímica Full text
2009
Shallow groundwater is the main source for drinking water in Kabul, Afghanistan. It comes from a multitude of shallow hand-pumped wells spread over the whole city area. The groundwater is characterised by slightly oxic redox conditions. Interactions with aquifer carbonates lead to near-neutral pH and high degrees of hardness. The mostly negative water budget of the Kabul Basin is the result of strong evaporation which leads to an increase in salt and also of some undesirable constituents, e.g. borate. Several years of drought have aggravated this problem. The shallow groundwater in the city has received tremendous amounts of pollution due to a lack of proper waste disposal and sewage treatment. Common indicators are elevated concentrations of nutrients such as nitrate and faecal bacteria. The high infant mortality can at least partially be attributed to the insufficient water hygiene. Acid generated during the mineralisation of the wastewater is hidden due to the strong pH buffering capacity of the groundwater system. Redox and pH conditions preclude significant mobilisation of trace metals and metalloids.
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