O aumento da produção carbonífera no Rio Grande do Sul para o atendimento da crescente demanda por energia tem proporcionado o acúmulo desordenado de grandes volumes de rejeitos nas áreas de mineração. Esses rejeitos afetam a qualidade da água, do ar e do solo, bem como a vegetação e a fauna, podendo representar elevado comprometimento ambiental para a região. Assim, realizou-se o presente estudo com o objetivo de avaliar a composição química da água de lixiviação proveniente de colunas de PVC em experimento envolvendo diferentes espessuras de solo aplicadas na superfície do rejeito carbonífero, solo em posições de subsuperfície e solo misturado ao rejeito. A água de lixiviação foi coletada em 1993, durante o cultivo de milho e trevo-branco, em 1995, antes e após o cultivo de aveia-preta, e em 1996, após o cultivo de milho. Os dados demonstram que o baixo pH da água de lixiviação manteve solúvel parte dos elementos provenientes da dissolução do rejeito carbonífero, refletindo-se em elevada condutividade elétrica. Os elementos S, Fe, Mn, Zn, Ni e Pb foram os que ocorreram em maiores concentrações na água de lixiviação, com potencial poluidor dos recursos hídricos. | The quality of water, air, soil, vegetation and fauna have been affected by the increasing explotation of coal and consequently increasing of rejects that have been accumulated, causing adverse effects on the environment of a region in Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil. An experiment was carried out to evaluate the chemical composition of leached water as a consequence of soil layers with different thickness disposed on PVC columns in the surface of coal rejects, in subsurface positions, and soil mixed with rejects. The leachates were collected in 1993, during (Zea mays L.) corn and white clover (Trifolium repens L.) growth; in 1995, before and after oat growth (Avena strigosa L.); and in 1996 after corn growth. Leached water had a high electrical conductivity value because its low pH maintened in solution part of the elements dissolved from the residues. High concentrations of S, Fe, Mn, Zn, Ni and Pb were detected in the leached water that can be considered as a potential pollutant of natural water streams.

La zona central de Chile reune condiciones climaticas adecuadas para el desarrollo del arandano ojo de conejo (Vaccinium ashei Reade), sin embargo, existen limitantes para su desarrollo debido al alto pH de los suelos, a la porosidad y a la calidad del agua utilizada para el riego. Se realizo un experimento en el Centro Regional de Investigacion La Platina, del Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias, en Santiago, para determinar el efecto del uso de una mezcla de suelo-aserrin acidificada, asi como tambien del agua de riego con pH 2, 4, 5 y 7,8 (testigo), para lo cual se planto arandano ojo de conejo el año 1990. El crecimiento y la produccion se evaluaron durante tres temporadas. El analisis foliar mostro que solo la concentracion de Mn fue menor en el tratamiento testigo. Las plantas regadas con agua con pH 2 no presentaron clorosis, y mostraron un mejor desarrollo y produccion, haciendo posible la explotacion comercial bajo estas condiciones climaticas

Submarine groundwater discharge (SGD) is widely acknowledged as a key driver of environmental change in tropical island coral reefs. Previous work has addressed SGD and groundwater-reef interactions at isolated submarine springs; however, there are still many outstanding questions about the mechanisms and distribution of groundwater discharge to reefs. To understand how groundwater migrates to reefs, a series of offshore ²²²Rn (radon) and submarine electrical resistivity (ER) surveys were performed on the tropical volcanic island of Mo’orea, French Polynesia. These surveys suggest that fresher water underlies the fringing reef, apparently confined by a <1-m-thick low-permeability layer referred to as a reef flat plate. Reef flat plates have been documented elsewhere in tropical reefs as thin, laterally continuous limestone units that form through the super-saturation of calcium carbonate in the overlying marine waters. In other tropical reefs, the reef flat plate is underlain by a highly permeable karstic limestone formation, but the submarine reef geology on Mo’orea is still uncertain. Numerical modeling of two-dimensional reef transects and SGD quantifications, based on water budget and radon/salinity mass balance, support the confining nature of the reef flat plates and indicate important implications for SGD impacts to tropical reefs. Except where incised by streams or local springs, reef flat plates may route SGD to lagoons or to the reef crest 100s of meters offshore. Because groundwater can transport pollutants, nutrients, and low pH waters, the reef flat plate may play an important role in the spatial patterns of reef ecology and coastal acidification.