La presente investigación se llevó a cabo en la hacienda bufalera La Suiza, localizada en el Magdalena Medio colombiano, de enero a diciembre del año 2004. El trabajo hizo parte de un macroproyecto de investigación sobre la especie bufalina, la cual involucró además de la presente investigación, la determinación de constantes fisiológicas, parámetros hematológicos y curvas de eliminación de huevos por gramo de parásitos gastrointestinales. De un total de 4200 búfalos se seleccionaron al azar 150 animales los cuales fueron divididos en tres grupos etáreos (< 12 meses, 12-36 meses y > 36 meses). A cada animal se le tomó una muestra de materia fecal una vez al mes por un lapso de 12 meses, realizándose las pruebas parasitológicas de sedimentación flotación, Baermann, Dennis y coprocultivo. Se pudo determinar la no presencia de parásitos como Dictiocaulus spp, Fasciola spp y la presencia de Nematodirus spp, Cooperia spp Ostertagia spp, Trichuris spp, Oesofagostomum spp, Bunostomum spp, Trichostrongylus spp, Strongyloides spp, Eimeria spp, Moniezia spp, Toxacara spp y Haemonchus spp en la población bufalina de la hacienda La Suiza.

Revised! This series is the Spanish language version of the Handbook of Florida Water Regulations by Michael T. Olexa, Luke D'Isernia, Laura Minton, Dulcy Miller, and Sara Corbett.  Published by the UF Department of Food and Resource Economics, November 2006. FE069/FE069: Manual de los Reglamentos del Agua en Florida: Plan de Emergencia y Ley del Derecho-a-Saber de la Comunidad (Título III de las Enmiendas y la Reautorización del Superfondo) (ufl.edu) Ask IFAS: Manual de los Reglamentos del Agua de Florida (ufl.edu)

In this thesis, an analysis of the physical environment and water use in a commercial orchard located in Caspe (Zaragoza) is presented. The climate, crops and irrigation structures in the orchard were characterised along with the spatial variability of selected soil physical properties related to irrigation. Crop water requirements were determined in the Caspe region under standard conditions and regulated deficit irrigation for the study years (2005-2007). Irrigation water use in the orchard was analyzed for these years and for the different crops and crop cycles. Finally, the variability of meteorological variables in the orchard was characterized using two agrometeorological weather stations and the effect of meteorology on crop water requirements was assessed. The orchard was characterized by a large variability in soil physical properties. Regulated deficit irrigation resulted in relevant water savings compared to standard irrigation. An evolution towards deficit irrigation is suggested. Significant differences were observed in wind speed between the two agrometeorological stations. These differences in wind speed resulted in differences in reference evapotranspiration of 22 per cent. Deficit irrigation is currently being used in the orchard, not always following the rules established for regulated deficit irrigation. Water planning in the orchard will have to take into account the detected spatial variability in crop water requirements

This thesis presents the work carried out to develop a simulation system for nuclear power plants, denominated TRETA / COPMA-III integrated simulator, which allows the simulation of the thermalhydraulic processes that take place in this type of facilities, in normal operation and emergency operation, as well as the control room crew actions related with the management of the emergency situations. The simulation of the thermalhydraulic processes is carried out by means of the TRETA (PWR) or TIZONA (BWR) simulators, both developed by the Spanish Nuclear Council (CSN). In what concerns to the simulation of the human performance, and taking into account the fact that in this type of facilities the management of the emergencies is strongly proceduralized, the COPMA-III procedures simulator is used. This simulator has been developed by the Halden Reactor Project (HRP), and it was adapted by the HRP development team for its use in the integrated simulator. This new tool is characterized mainly by its modular structure and its interconnection ability with other codes. In an individual way, the different codes that compose the simulator present advanced capacities in its models. Firstly, the TRETA simulator presents great versatility in defining the grade of complexity in the simulation of the processes. On the other hand, regarding to the COPMA-III simulator, it enables the automatic simulation of human actions proceduralized or planned, that means, all of those manual performances of which it is possible to develop a deterministic scheme, including aspects of timing and work load. Concerning the simulator package modular structure, it makes possible even the substitution of the process or procedures simulators and the implementation of any other simulator that it is considered more appropriate for specific necessities. This simulation system not only could be applied to validate the procedures design, but rather could be use in the verification of the consistency of the analyses made in the safety analysis. This last aspect is specially relevant, because these studies don’t include, except for seldom cases, the dynamic evaluation of the operator actions impact in the analysis of the accidental sequences.

Revised! This series is the Spanish language version of the Handbook of Florida Water Regulations by Michael T. Olexa, Luke D'Isernia, Laura Minton, Dulcy Miller, and Sara Corbett.  Published by the UF Department of Food and Resource Economics, November 2006. FE069/FE069: Manual de los Reglamentos del Agua en Florida: Plan de Emergencia y Ley del Derecho-a-Saber de la Comunidad (Título III de las Enmiendas y la Reautorización del Superfondo) (ufl.edu) Ask IFAS: Manual de los Reglamentos del Agua de Florida (ufl.edu)

En este informe en el Capítulo 1 se presenta la descripción y evaluación de cada uno de los componentes del sistema de agua potable: fuente, sistema existente, en el Capítulo 2 se presenta la operación y mantenimiento del agua, su organización, equipos, herramientas y actividades de operación del sistema de agua, en el Capítulo 3 presenta los criterios generales considerados en el diagnóstico, en el Capítulo 4 se presenta la descripción y evaluación de los componentes del sistema de alcantarillado como áreas de drenaje, red de colectores, buzones, conexiones domiciliarias, líneas y estación de bombeo, emisores, canales de riego, caracterización de las aguas servidas, disposición final, evaluación del cuerpo receptor, en el Capítulo 5 se presenta el estudio de la contribución de agua residual al sistema de alcantarillado, la oferta, proyectos en ejecución, en el Capítulo 6 se presenta la operación y mantenimiento del sistema de alcantarillado sanitario, personal, equipos, actividades rutinarias, en el Capítulo 7 se presenta las conclusiones, en el Capítulo 8 se presenta las recomendaciones del análisis. | Trabajo de suficiencia profesional

Cultivos experimentais com pós-larvas do Litopenaeus vannamei, na fase de berçário, foram realizados em uma fazenda de camarão, objetivando avaliar a influência da utilização de duas dietas na qualidade físico-química das águas residuais. As dietas foram formuladas à base de ração comercial e náuplios de artêmia, denominadas MAC e MAA, respectivamente. Foram utilizadas pós-larvas no estágio (PL19), estocadas a 16PL/L em dois tanques-berçário de 60 m3. Ao final de 10 dias de cultivo, as concentrações dos compostosnitrogenados (amônia, nitrito e nitrato) e fosfatados (fósforo total e ortofosfatos) dos tanquesberçário foram menores na dieta MAA do que na MAC (p<0,05). Conseqüentemente, a dieta MAA induziu menores taxas de incremento diário desses compostos, contribuindo com uma redução significativa dos nutrientes responsáveis pela eutrofização da água.<br><br>Experiments were carried out in a commercial marine shrimp farm in order to evaluate the use of two diets in Litopenaeus vannamei post-larvae, during nursery phase, on physiochemical wastewater quality. Two feeding methods were adopted: Commercial Feeding Method (MAC) and Artemia Feeding Method (MAA). The nursery tanks (60 m3) were provided with 19 days post-larvae (PL19) with a stocking density of 16PL/liter. After 10 days of culture, the concentrations of nitrogen (ammonia, nitrite and nitrate) and phosphorus compounds (total phosphorus and orthophosphate) in the nursery tank were smaller for MAC, rather than MAA treatment (p<0.05). Consequently, MAA treatment induced low levels of daily compounds increment,thus contributing to a significant reduction of the nutrients that caused water eutrophication.

Aplica-se uma técnica combinada de amostragem clássica, perfilagem in situ com sonda multiparamétrica e modelação matemática para avaliar a qualidade da água da Ria Formosa como meio receptor dos efluentes das ETAR’s. O sistema de modelação desenvolvido baseia-se num modelo hidrodinâmico que resolve as equações de águas pouco profundas pelo método dos volumes finitos acoplado a um modelo de transporte Lagrangiano para a simulação das plumas microbiológicas. Este sistema é usado como ferramenta de gestão para ensaiar diferentes cenários de descarga com variação da localização do ponto de descarga, analisando o impacto das alternativas no meio receptor.