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Soil respiration in banana plantations fertigated with treated sanitary waste water | Respiração microbiana do solo em bananal fertirrigado com água residuária sanitária tratada Full text
2021
ALVES, PABLO FERNANDO SANTOS | SANTOS, BRUNA HANIELLE CARNEIRO DOS | SILVA, MARINA BORGES DE OLIVEIRA | XAVIER, ADELICA APARECIDA | SANTOS, SILVÂNIO RODRIGUES DOS | KONDO, MARCOS KOITI | RIBEIRO, REGINA CÁSSIA FERREIRA
ABSTRACT The main objective of this research is to evaluate the CO2 evolution in a Red Eutrophic Latosol (Eutrudox) fertigated with treated sanitary wastewater under “Prata-Anã” banana cultivation. Disturbed soil samples were collected from 0-20 and 20-40 cm soil profile depths. The experimental design was random blocks arranged in split-plots with four replications. The main plot factors were different treated sanitary wastewater doses applied as 130% and 200% compared with the maximum annual soil application limit (150 kg sodium ha-1) and a control treatment (clean water + mineral fertilization). Soil respiration was evaluated on the 7th, 14th, 21st, and 28th days. The assessment of soil respiration at a depth of 0-20 cm indicates that the use of wastewater increases soil respiration by 19.89 and 28.46%, respectively for treatments TSW1 and TSW2 in relation to the control treatment. At a depth of 20-40 cm, the use of the control treatment promotes an exponential reduction in soil respiration, tending to decrease and stabilize at 58.185 mg C-CO2 kg-1 evolved on the 28th day of evaluation. Treatments with wastewater present respiratory behavior in a quadratic behavior, with minimum respiratory values estimated on the 18th day, respectively 83.4 and 54.0 mg evolved C-CO2 kg-1 for treatments TSW1 and TSW2. | RESUMO O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a evolução de CO2 em um LatossoloVermelho Eutrófico (Typic Eutrustox) fertirrigado com água residuária sanitária tratada e cultivado com Banana“Prata-Anã”. Foram coletadas amostras de solo com estrutura deformada nas profundidades de 0-20 e 20-40 cm no perfil do solo cultivado com banana “Prata-Anã”. O delineamento utilizado foi em blocos casualizados em arranjo de parcelas subdividas, com quatro repetições. Os fatores na parcela principal consistiram na aplicação de diferentes doses de água residuária sanitária tratada sendo: 130 % e 200 % em relação ao limite máximo de aplicação anual de 150 kg ha-1 de sódio no solo mais uma testemunha (água limpa + adubação mineral). Avaliou-se aos 7, 14, 21 e 28 dias a respiração microbiana no solo. Na profundidade de 20-40 cm o uso do tratamento controle promove redução exponencial na respiração do solo, tendendo a diminuir e estabilizar em 58,185 mg C-CO2 kg-1 evoluído no 28º dia de avaliação.
Show more [+] Less [-]Water and Nutrition: Necessary Efficiencies Facing of Climate Change and Variability | Agua y nutrición: eficiencias necesarias frente al cambio y la variabilidad climática Full text
2021
Arias A., Nolver A.
Alterations in the climate associated with climate change and variability are a reality and impact agricultural activities. The changes generated in variables such as: temperature, the concentration of atmospheric CO2, the intensity and frequency of the rains, and the intensity of the winds, affect crop variables such as evapotranspiration, CO2 fixation and, ultimately, yields, as well, such as the availability of land for cultivation. Facing the challenges posed by these climatic phenomena implies the approach of multiple strategies. However, the efficient management of soil, nutrition and water in the crop, constitute three key factors that help mitigate the foreseeable negative impacts. It is then necessary: the implementation of soil protection measures such as plant covers, the increase in soil biodiversity, the use of growth-promoting microorganisms, fertilizer sources that increase efficiency, efficient cultivars in the use of nutrients and water, and measures that favor carbon sequestration such as the accompaniment of the greatest possible diversity of plants to cultivation andthe reduction in the use of agrochemicals that allow reducing the carbon footprint of crude palm oil production. In this article, we will do a review of the efficiencies necessary in terms of nutrition and water management in palm cultivation is carried out to reduce the risk associated with climate change and variability. | Las alteraciones en el clima asociadas con el cambio y la variabilidad climática son una realidad e impactan las actividades agrícolas. Los cambios generados en variables como: la temperatura, la concentración de CO2 atmosférico, la intensidad y frecuencia de las lluvias, y la de los vientos, afectan variables del cultivo como la evapotranspiración, la fijación de CO2 y, al final, los rendimientos, así como la disponibilidad de tierras para el cultivo. Enfrentar los retos que plantean estos fenómenos climáticos implica el abordaje de múltiples estrategias. Sin embargo, el manejo eficiente del suelo, la nutrición y el agua en el cultivo, se constituyen en tres factores clave que ayudan a mitigar los impactos negativos previsibles. Entonces, es necesario: el incremento de la biodiversidad del suelo, la implementación de medidas de protección del suelo como las coberturas vegetales, el uso de microorganismos promotores de crecimiento, fuentes fertilizantes que incrementen la eficiencia, cultivares eficientes en el uso de nutrientes y el agua, y medidas que favorezcan el secuestro de carbono como el acompañamiento de la mayor diversidad posible de plantas al cultivo y la reducción en el uso de agroquímicos que permitan disminuir la huella de carbono de la producción de aceite de palma crudo. En este artículo se realiza una revisión de las eficiencias necesarias en cuanto al manejo de la nutrición y elagua en el cultivo de la palma para disminuir el riesgo asociado con el cambio y la variabilidad climática.
Show more [+] Less [-]Protocolos de riego en uva de mesa según disponibilidad de agua de riego | Irrigation protocols in table grapes according to irrigation water availability Full text
2021
Temnani Rajjaf, Abdelmalek | Pérez Pastor, Alejandro | Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena
[SPA] Las estrategias de Riego Deficitario Controlado (RDC) permiten ahorrar agua sin generar pérdidas en la producción y calidad de las cosechas y así, incrementar la eficiencia en el uso del agua de riego. No obstante, deben ajustarse a la dotación hídrica del agricultor para cada año. Se realizó un estudio en uva de mesa Crimson Seedless durante los años 2015 a 2017 con el objetivo de elaborar protocolos de riego adaptables a la disponibilidad de agua de riego. El potencial hídrico de tallo a mediodía fue un indicador del estado hídrico de la planta muy sensible al déficit hídrico y la programación del riego ajustada a valores próximos a -0,65 MPa no afectó a la producción ni calidad. [ENG] Regulated Deficit Irrigation (RDI) strategies allow to save water without generating losses in the production and quality of the crops and thus, increase the efficiency in the use of irrigation water. However, they must be adjusted to the farmer's water supply for each year. A study was carried out on Crimson Seedless table grapes during the years 2015 to 2017 with the aim of developing irrigation protocols adaptable to irrigation water availability. Stem water potential at midday was a very sensitive indicator of plant water status and irrigation scheduling adjusted to values close to -0.65 MPa did not affect production or quality. | Proyecto IRRIMAN LIFE+ Implementation of efficient irrigation management for sustainable agriculture LIFE13 ENV/ES/000539.
Show more [+] Less [-]Inactivación de Salmonella typhimurium por la aplicación de agua activada por plasma frío | Inactivation of Salmonella typhimurium by cold plasma activated water application Full text
2021
Clemente Carazo, Marta | Borroug, S. | Bourke, Paula | Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena
[SPA] El plasma frío es definido como el cuarto estado de la materia y es generado por una serie de descargas denominadas Spark y Glow, las cuales originan unas sustancias químicas que pueden interaccionar con microorganismos dando lugar a la inactivación de estos. S. typhimurium ha sido el patógeno elegido para este trabajo, ya que es el segundo serovar de Salmonella spp., con más casos de Salmonelosis en el año 2018. Los resultados aportados en este estudio mostraron un claro efecto sobre la inactivación de S. typhimurium debido a las especies reactivas generada durante los tratamientos PAW.] [ENG] Cold plasma is defined as the fourth state of matter and is generated by a series of discharges called Spark and Glow, which originate chemical substances that can interact with microorganisms resulting in the inactivation of these. S. typhimurium has been the pathogen of choice for this work, since it is the second serovar of Salmonella spp. with more cases of Salmonellosis in 2018. The results provided in this study, showed a clear effect on the inactivation of S. typhimurium due to the reactive species generated during PAW treatments. | Gracias al MINECO, AEI y FEDER, por la financiación del proyecto "Validación de nuevas herramientas y procesos para el análisis y la mejora de la seguridad alimentaria microbiológica", con cargo a la partida presupuestaria: 30.05.18.80.79 541A 642.10.
Show more [+] Less [-]Water and Nutrition: Necessary Efficiencies Facing of Climate Change and Variability | Agua y nutrición: eficiencias necesarias frente al cambio y la variabilidad climática Full text
2021
Arias A., Nolver A.
Water and Nutrition: Necessary Efficiencies Facing of Climate Change and Variability | Agua y nutrición: eficiencias necesarias frente al cambio y la variabilidad climática Full text
2021
Arias A., Nolver A.
Alterations in the climate associated with climate change and variability are a reality and impact agricultural activities. The changes generated in variables such as: temperature, the concentration of atmospheric CO2, the intensity and frequency of the rains, and the intensity of the winds, affect crop variables such as evapotranspiration, CO2 fixation and, ultimately, yields, as well, such as the availability of land for cultivation. Facing the challenges posed by these climatic phenomena implies the approach of multiple strategies. However, the efficient management of soil, nutrition and water in the crop, constitute three key factors that help mitigate the foreseeable negative impacts. It is then necessary: the implementation of soil protection measures such as plant covers, the increase in soil biodiversity, the use of growth-promoting microorganisms, fertilizer sources that increase efficiency, efficient cultivars in the use of nutrients and water, and measures that favor carbon sequestration such as the accompaniment of the greatest possible diversity of plants to cultivation andthe reduction in the use of agrochemicals that allow reducing the carbon footprint of crude palm oil production. In this article, we will do a review of the efficiencies necessary in terms of nutrition and water management in palm cultivation is carried out to reduce the risk associated with climate change and variability. | Las alteraciones en el clima asociadas con el cambio y la variabilidad climática son una realidad e impactan las actividades agrícolas. Los cambios generados en variables como: la temperatura, la concentración de CO2 atmosférico, la intensidad y frecuencia de las lluvias, y la de los vientos, afectan variables del cultivo como la evapotranspiración, la fijación de CO2 y, al final, los rendimientos, así como la disponibilidad de tierras para el cultivo. Enfrentar los retos que plantean estos fenómenos climáticos implica el abordaje de múltiples estrategias. Sin embargo, el manejo eficiente del suelo, la nutrición y el agua en el cultivo, se constituyen en tres factores clave que ayudan a mitigar los impactos negativos previsibles. Entonces, es necesario: el incremento de la biodiversidad del suelo, la implementación de medidas de protección del suelo como las coberturas vegetales, el uso de microorganismos promotores de crecimiento, fuentes fertilizantes que incrementen la eficiencia, cultivares eficientes en el uso de nutrientes y el agua, y medidas que favorezcan el secuestro de carbono como el acompañamiento de la mayor diversidad posible de plantas al cultivo y la reducción en el uso de agroquímicos que permitan disminuir la huella de carbono de la producción de aceite de palma crudo. En este artículo se realiza una revisión de las eficiencias necesarias en cuanto al manejo de la nutrición y elagua en el cultivo de la palma para disminuir el riesgo asociado con el cambio y la variabilidad climática.
Show more [+] Less [-]Genotype-environment interaction for production characteristics in cherry tomato (Solanum spp.) | Genotype-environment interaction for production characteristics in cherry tomato (Solanum spp.) Full text
2021
Ceballos Aguirre, Nelson | Vallejo Cabrera, Franco Alirio | Morillo Coronado, Yacenia
Much of the tomato diversity is found in cherry-type populations. There are promising wild cherry tomato species with good behavior in terms of yield and quality that can be produced with a minimum of agroinputs. The genetic expression of genotypes is influenced by the optimal environment they can develop in. The genotype-environment interaction must be known to estimate the phenotypic adaptability in different environments. The objective of this research was to evaluate the genotype-environment interaction for 10 cherry tomato introductions in nine environments, four of which were artificial environments (0, 60, 120 and 180 kg ha-1 of potassium) established in natural environments on the Farms Montelindo, Tesorito and CEUNP. The experiment design used randomized complete blocks with four replicates; the experiment unit consisted of five effective plants per introduction. The evaluated variables were production per plant (PFT) (kg/pl), number of fruits per plant (NFT), and average fruit weight (AWF) (g/fruit). The genotype×environment interaction and the stability of the 10 genotypes were estimated with the AMMI multivariate model. The environments for T120K and T180K were optimal for the variables associated with production (PFT, NFT and AWF), with IAC1621, IAC426 and IAC1624 being the most promising genotypes per environment on the Farms Tesorito, Montelindo and CEUNP, respectively. The results are useful for the identification of genotypes in key locations for selection and evaluation in breeding programs. | Tomate-Solanum lycopersicum
Show more [+] Less [-]Genotype-environment interaction for production characteristics in cherry tomato (Solanum spp.) Full text
2021
CEBALLOS-AGUIRRE,NELSON | VALLEJO-CABRERA,FRANCO ALIRIO | MORILLO-CORONADO,YACENIA
ABSTRACT Much of the tomato diversity is found in cherry-type populations. There are promising wild cherry tomato species with good behavior in terms of yield and quality that can be produced with a minimum of agro-inputs. The genetic expression of genotypes is influenced by the optimal environment they can develop in. The genotype-environment interaction must be known to estimate the phenotypic adaptability in different environments. The objective of this research was to evaluate the genotype-environment interaction for 10 cherry tomato introductions in nine environments, four of which were artificial environments (0, 60, 120 and 180 kg ha-1 of potassium) established in natural environments on the Farms Montelindo, Tesorito and CEUNP. The experiment design used randomized complete blocks with four replicates; the experiment unit consisted of five effective plants per introduction. The evaluated variables were production per plant (PFT) (kg/pl), number of fruits per plant (NFT), and average fruit weight (AWF) (g/fruit). The genotype×environment interaction and the stability of the 10 genotypes were estimated with the AMMI multivariate model. The environments for T120K and T180K were optimal for the variables associated with production (PFT, NFT and AWF), with IAC1621, IAC426 and IAC1624 being the most promising genotypes per environment on the Farms Tesorito, Montelindo and CEUNP, respectively. The results are useful for the identification of genotypes in key locations for selection and evaluation in breeding programs.
Show more [+] Less [-]The effect of potassium fertilization on the metabolite profile of tomato fruit (Solanum lycopersicum L.) Full text
2021
Weinert, Christoph H. | Sonntag, Frederike | Egert, Björn | Pawelzik, Elke | Kulling, Sabine E. | Smit, Inga
The macronutrient potassium (K) has vital physiological functions in plants and its availability can strongly impact quality of crops like tomato. The impact of K nutrition on conventional tomato fruit quality parameters has been described several times, but detailed investigations on the effect of K supply on the fruit metabolite profile are still rare. To fill this gap, we investigated the influence of K fertilization on the metabolite profile of tomato fruits. For this purpose, an outdoor pot experiment with three different cocktail tomato cultivars was performed. A fertilization regimen with five K levels was applied, ranging from deficiency to sufficient supply. Fruit samples were analyzed by untargeted GC×GC-MS to cover the primary metabolite profile as well as some secondary metabolites. As verified using ICP-OES, fruit K content was highly proportional to the supplied amount of K. At the metabolite profile level, the most prominent and cultivar-independent effect of increased K fertilization was the rise of tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle intermediates. Further effects were more cultivar-specific, for example an increase of the mobile nitrogen pool (e.g. amines like putrescine and amides like asparagine), changes in the profile of minor sugars (especially disaccharides) as well as higher levels of some secondary metabolites. Pronounced response patterns were mainly observed in the cultivars Primavera and Yellow Submarine that were recently characterized as higher yielding, demanding a stronger consideration of cultivar differences in future studies.
Show more [+] Less [-]WATER QUALITY IN URBAN WETLANDS OF ISLA MUJERES, QUINTANA ROO, MEXICO | CALIDAD DEL AGUA EN HUMEDALES URBANOS DE ISLA MUJERES, QUINTANA ROO, MÉXICO Full text
2021
Barrientos-Medina, Roberto Carlos | Ceballos-Povedano, Rosiluz | Cobos-Gasca, Víctor Manuel | Navarro-Alberto, Jorge A. | Este trabajo no recibió financiamiento externo
WATER QUALITY IN URBAN WETLANDS OF ISLA MUJERES, QUINTANA ROO, MEXICO | CALIDAD DEL AGUA EN HUMEDALES URBANOS DE ISLA MUJERES, QUINTANA ROO, MÉXICO Full text
2021
Barrientos-Medina, Roberto Carlos | Ceballos-Povedano, Rosiluz | Cobos-Gasca, Víctor Manuel | Navarro-Alberto, Jorge A. | Este trabajo no recibió financiamiento externo
Background: Bodies of water in the interior of Isla Mujeres, characterized by having homes around. Objective: Show information on the water quality of the Chica y Grande salt flats of Isla Mujeres, Quintana Roo. Methodology: A study was carried out in each body of water considering different numbers of random points for the measurement of hydrological and microbiological variables in three visits during 2016. The data obtained were analyzed using multivariate exploration techniques (main component analysis) and hypothesis contrast (multivariate variance analysis with permutations). Results: The results indicate that the differences between climatic seasons (north, dry and rain) are more important than the differences between wetlands, with temperature being the variable with more significant changes in the dry season. In terms of water quality, the most relevant indicators were dissolved oxygen and chemical oxygen demand, whose values allow salt flats to be located as bodies of water of low environmental quality. Implications: The importance of having an appropriate monitoring program and management plan for these emblematic ecosystems of the island is highlighted. Conclusion: salt flats are shallow wetlands, with very low concentrations of dissolved oxygen, leading to them being located as ecosystems with low environmental quality. | Antecedentes: Cuerpos de agua en el interior de Isla Mujeres, caracterizados por tener viviendas alrededor. Objetivo/hipótesis: Presentar información sobre la calidad del agua de las salinas Chica y Grande de Isla Mujeres, Quintana Roo. Metodología: Se realizó un estudio en cada cuerpo de agua considerando distintos números de puntos aleatorios para la medición de las variables hidrológicas y microbiológicas en tres visitas durante 2016. Los datos obtenidos se analizaron con técnicas multivariadas de exploración (análisis de componentes principales) y contraste de hipótesis (análisis de varianza multivariado con permutaciones). Resultados: Los resultados indican que las diferencias entre épocas climáticas (nortes, secas y lluvias) son más importantes que las diferencias entre humedales, siendo la temperatura la variable con cambios más significativos en la época seca. En términos de la calidad del agua, los indicadores más relevantes fueron el oxígeno disuelto y la demanda química de oxígeno, cuyos valores permiten ubicar a las salinas como cuerpos de agua de baja calidad ambiental. Implicaciones: Se resalta la importancia de contar con un programa de monitoreo y un plan de manejo adecuado para estos emblemáticos ecosistemas de la isla. Conclusión: las salinas son humedales someros, con muy bajas concentraciones de oxígeno disuelto, lo que lleva a ubicarlos como ecosistemas con una baja calidad ambiental.
Show more [+] Less [-]WATER QUALITY IN URBAN WETLANDS OF ISLA MUJERES, QUINTANA ROO, MEXICO Full text
2021
Roberto Carlos Barrientos-Medina | Rosiluz Ceballos-Povedano | Víctor Manuel Cobos-Gasca | Jorge A. Navarro-Alberto
Background: Bodies of water in the interior of Isla Mujeres, characterized by having homes around. Objective: Show information on the water quality of the Chica y Grande salt flats of Isla Mujeres, Quintana Roo. Methodology: A study was carried out in each body of water considering different numbers of random points for the measurement of hydrological and microbiological variables in three visits during 2016. The data obtained were analyzed using multivariate exploration techniques (main component analysis) and hypothesis contrast (multivariate variance analysis with permutations). Results: The results indicate that the differences between climatic seasons (north, dry and rain) are more important than the differences between wetlands, with temperature being the variable with more significant changes in the dry season. In terms of water quality, the most relevant indicators were dissolved oxygen and chemical oxygen demand, whose values allow salt flats to be located as bodies of water of low environmental quality. Implications: The importance of having an appropriate monitoring program and management plan for these emblematic ecosystems of the island is highlighted. Conclusion: salt flats are shallow wetlands, with very low concentrations of dissolved oxygen, leading to them being located as ecosystems with low environmental quality.
Show more [+] Less [-]Qualidade sanitária da água de reúso como destino sustentável para a agricultura | Sanitary quality of reused water as a sustainable destination for agriculture Full text
2021
Handam, Natasha Berendonk | Martins, Adriana Sotero
A água de reúso definida como a reutilização de águas provenientes de efluentes tratados, pode ser uma fonte alternativa de água para agricultura, porém é importante a avaliação da sua qualidade sanitária para não causar agravos a saúde ambiental e humana. O objetivo foi avaliar a qualidade sanitária da água de reúso de diferentes origens para uso na agricultura com finalidade de emprego sustentável da água. Foram coletadas amostras de água de reúso de diferentes tipos de tratamento, denominadas no trabalho como "clorada, polida e biológica". Foram realizadas análises bacteriológicas e físico-químicas da água de reúso, e do solo. Em sistema construído em laboratório foram cultivados Petroselinum crispum, regados por gotejamento com água de reúso e água potável. Foram feitas extrações de DNA total para verificação da quantidade de microbiota no solo durante os cultivos. Foi realizada Reação da Polimerase em Cadeia (PCR), para busca no solo dos cultivos, dos bioindicadores de contaminação fecal Escherichia coli, Adenovírus sorotipos 40 e 41 e Methanobrevibacter smithii. Foi avaliado o desenvolvimento da planta como bioindicadora indireta de nutrientes no solo. Foi analisado o decaimento de E. coli e Salmonella spp. no solo com cultivo de P. crispum e solo nu, irrigados com águas de reúso e potável (controle). Análises de substâncias com atividade estrogênica foram feitas nas amostras de águas de reúso, por meio do ensaio YES (Yeast Estrogen Screen). As análises bacteriológicas e físico-químicas mostraram que apenas a água de reúso "polida" estava própria para reúso agrícola, segundo normativas nacionais e internacional. As quantificações de DNA indicaram que as amostras de água de reúso contribuíram para aumento de 1,6 vezes na quantidade de microbiota do solo, enquanto que os irrigados com água potável tiveram diminuição de 3,8 vezes. A água de reúso auxiliou para o maior desenvolvimento dos cultivos. A PCR mostrou que as amostras de água de reúso alteraram a microbiota do solo, pois ficaram retidos durante os cultivos, os microrganismos presentes nas águas de reúso, Adenovírus tipo 40 e 41 e E. coli. O decaimento de Salmonella spp. nos cultivos irrigados com água de reúso foi mais lento, em comparação com o grupo controle. A amostra "biológica" apresentou substâncias com atividade estrogênica na concentração de 115 ng L-1. O estudo demonstrou que, se a água de reúso estiver dentro dos padrões de qualidade sanitária, se for feita irrigação por gotejamento, e com um tempo de parada entre irrigação e colheita das culturas, esta representa uma fonte de água segura e sustentável para irrigação da agricultura. Para isso é fundamental a criação de lei federal de reúso agrícola, a fim de evitar danos à saúde humana e ambiental. | Water reuse, defined as t he reuse of water from treated effluents, can be an alternative source of water for agriculture. However, the evaluation of its quality is important in order not to cause damage to human an d environmental health. The objective of the study was to evaluate the sanitary quality of water reuse from different sources for use in agriculture for the purpose of sustainable use of water. Samples of water reuse were collected from different types of treatment, being named in the present work as "chlorinated", "polis hed" and "biological". Bacteriological and physical chemical analyzes of the water reuse and of the soil were carried out. Analyzes of substances with estrogenic activity were made in the s amples of water reuse, through the YES test ( Yeast Estrogen Screen )). In a laboratory built system, plants of the species Petroselinum crispum were grown, dripped with water reuse and drinking water. Total DNA extractions were carried out to check the amoun t of microbiota in the soil during cultivation. Polymerase Chain Re action (PCR) was carried out to search for the fecal contamination bioindicators Escherichia coli , Adenovirus serotypes 40 and 41 and Methanobrevibacter smithii in the soil of the crops. Th e development of the plant as an indirect bioindicator of nutrients in the soil was evaluated. The decay of E. coli and Salmonella spp. in soil with P. crispum cultivation and in bare soil, irrigated with water reuse and drinking water (control). Bacteriol ogical and physical chemical analyzes showed that only "polished" w ater reuse was suitable for agricultural reuse, according to national and international regulations. The "biological" sample presented substances with estrogenic activity at a concentration of 115 ng L 1 . DNA quantifications indicated that the water reuse samples contributed to a 1.6 fold increase in the amount of soil microbiota. Those irrigated with drinking water had a decrease of 3.8 times. The water reuse helped to further develop the c rops. The PCR showed that the samples of water reuse altered the so il microbiota, because the microorganisms (Adenovirus types 40 and 41 and E. coli ) present in the water reuse were retained during cultivation. The decay of Salmonella spp. in crops irrigat ed with water reuse it was slower compared to the control group. Th e study demonstrated that, if the water reuse is within the sanitary quality standards, if drip irrigation is done, and with a stop time between irrigation and crop harvesting, this represe nts a safe and sustainable source of water for irrigation of the ag riculture. To this end, it is essential to create a federal law on agricultural reuse, in order to avoid damage to human and environmental health.
Show more [+] Less [-]Microeconomic analysis of the water-production function in irrigated almond orchards | Análisis microeconómico de la relación agua-producción en el almendro de regadío Full text
2021
Expósito, Alfonso | Berbel, Julio
This paper offers an exploratory microeconomic analysis of water use in the cultivation of almonds orchards when water is considered as the limiting factor. When a crop is subjected to water limitation, the microeconomic principles behind irrigation decisions are based upon the water-yield relationship. The analysis is applied to an estimated water-yield response function for irrigated almond trees in Spain; our research focuses on determining the optimal irrigation dose when deficit irrigation is applied, as is usual in the context of water limitation. The situation in Spain is compared to that of other countries where water rights are less constrained. The economic analysis of the water production function is crucial, since it determines the farmers’ income and helps them make appropriate management decisions, such as the allocation of limited water to crops and the extension of the irrigated area. Furthermore, public institutions need this basic information in order to assign water allocation in the context of increasing demand and limited resources. | Este artículo ofrece un análisis microeconómico del uso del agua en el cultivo del almendro cuando el agua se considera el factor limitante. Cuando un cultivo está sujeto a limitación de agua, los principios microeconómicos detrás de las decisiones de riego se basan en la relación entre rendimiento y riego. El análisis se aplica a una función de respuesta agua-producción estimada para almendros de regadío en España. Nuestra investigación se centra en determinar la dosis óptima de riego cuando se aplica riego deficitario, como es habitual en contexto de escasez de agua. Finalmente, la situación en España se compara con la de otros países donde los derechos de agua están menos restringidos. El análisis económico de la función de producción de agua es crucial, ya que determina los ingresos de los agricultores y los ayuda a tomar decisiones de gestión adecuadas, como la asignación de agua limitada a los cultivos y la extensión del área regada. Además, las instituciones públicas necesitan esta información para garantizar una adecuada asignación de los recursos hídricos en un contexto de demanda creciente y recursos limitados.
Show more [+] Less [-]Clasificación de agua para consumo humano en fuentes de agua subterránea de Villa Dos Trece, provincia de Formosa Full text
2021
Llamas, José Orlando | Monzón, Celina María
El agua es capaz de disolver o dispersar la mayoría de las sustancias con las que tiene contacto, por ello para decidir si un agua califica para consumo humano, se deben realizar análisis físicos, químicos y bacteriólogos que nos indiquen la calidad de la misma. Este trabajo se realizó en la localidad de Villa Dos Trece, de la Provincia de Formosa, con el fin de evaluar las características físicas y químicas del agua utilizada en explotaciones de productores agrícolas, los que utilizan dos fuentes de agua subterráneas: pozos excavados y perforaciones. Las muestras de agua fueron analizadas en el laboratorio de Química Analítica-Agrícola, de la Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias - UNNE, por métodos estandarizados. Los resultados fueron comparados con lo establecido por el Código Alimentario Argentino (CAA). Si bien algunos de los parámetros analizados, como el pH, el potasio, el fosfato, algunos microelementos y en el caso de perforaciones el nitrato, se encuentran dentro del rango óptimo para agua de consumo establecido por el CAA, se concluyó que ninguna de las fuentes analizadas cumple con los requisitos físico químicos para ser considerada agua para consumo humano.
Show more [+] Less [-]Instalación de recirculación acuícola de agua dulce Full text
2021
Gómez Rodríguez, Pedro Manuel | Ibáñez Mendizábal, Raquel | Urtiaga Mendia, Ana María | Ortiz Uribe, Inmaculada | Oficina Española de Patentes y Marcas (OEPM) | Apria Systems, S.L.
Solicitud: 202131422 (07.07.2021) | Nº Pub. de Solicitud: ES1275532U (29.07.2021) | Nº de Modelo de Utilidad: ES1275532Y (25.10.2021)
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