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Water and Nutrition: Necessary Efficiencies Facing of Climate Change and Variability | Agua y nutrición: eficiencias necesarias frente al cambio y la variabilidad climática Full text
2021
Arias A., Nolver A.
Alterations in the climate associated with climate change and variability are a reality and impact agricultural activities. The changes generated in variables such as: temperature, the concentration of atmospheric CO2, the intensity and frequency of the rains, and the intensity of the winds, affect crop variables such as evapotranspiration, CO2 fixation and, ultimately, yields, as well, such as the availability of land for cultivation. Facing the challenges posed by these climatic phenomena implies the approach of multiple strategies. However, the efficient management of soil, nutrition and water in the crop, constitute three key factors that help mitigate the foreseeable negative impacts. It is then necessary: the implementation of soil protection measures such as plant covers, the increase in soil biodiversity, the use of growth-promoting microorganisms, fertilizer sources that increase efficiency, efficient cultivars in the use of nutrients and water, and measures that favor carbon sequestration such as the accompaniment of the greatest possible diversity of plants to cultivation andthe reduction in the use of agrochemicals that allow reducing the carbon footprint of crude palm oil production. In this article, we will do a review of the efficiencies necessary in terms of nutrition and water management in palm cultivation is carried out to reduce the risk associated with climate change and variability. | Las alteraciones en el clima asociadas con el cambio y la variabilidad climática son una realidad e impactan las actividades agrícolas. Los cambios generados en variables como: la temperatura, la concentración de CO2 atmosférico, la intensidad y frecuencia de las lluvias, y la de los vientos, afectan variables del cultivo como la evapotranspiración, la fijación de CO2 y, al final, los rendimientos, así como la disponibilidad de tierras para el cultivo. Enfrentar los retos que plantean estos fenómenos climáticos implica el abordaje de múltiples estrategias. Sin embargo, el manejo eficiente del suelo, la nutrición y el agua en el cultivo, se constituyen en tres factores clave que ayudan a mitigar los impactos negativos previsibles. Entonces, es necesario: el incremento de la biodiversidad del suelo, la implementación de medidas de protección del suelo como las coberturas vegetales, el uso de microorganismos promotores de crecimiento, fuentes fertilizantes que incrementen la eficiencia, cultivares eficientes en el uso de nutrientes y el agua, y medidas que favorezcan el secuestro de carbono como el acompañamiento de la mayor diversidad posible de plantas al cultivo y la reducción en el uso de agroquímicos que permitan disminuir la huella de carbono de la producción de aceite de palma crudo. En este artículo se realiza una revisión de las eficiencias necesarias en cuanto al manejo de la nutrición y elagua en el cultivo de la palma para disminuir el riesgo asociado con el cambio y la variabilidad climática.
Show more [+] Less [-]Protocolos de riego en uva de mesa según disponibilidad de agua de riego | Irrigation protocols in table grapes according to irrigation water availability Full text
2021
Temnani Rajjaf, Abdelmalek | Pérez Pastor, Alejandro | Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena
[SPA] Las estrategias de Riego Deficitario Controlado (RDC) permiten ahorrar agua sin generar pérdidas en la producción y calidad de las cosechas y así, incrementar la eficiencia en el uso del agua de riego. No obstante, deben ajustarse a la dotación hídrica del agricultor para cada año. Se realizó un estudio en uva de mesa Crimson Seedless durante los años 2015 a 2017 con el objetivo de elaborar protocolos de riego adaptables a la disponibilidad de agua de riego. El potencial hídrico de tallo a mediodía fue un indicador del estado hídrico de la planta muy sensible al déficit hídrico y la programación del riego ajustada a valores próximos a -0,65 MPa no afectó a la producción ni calidad. [ENG] Regulated Deficit Irrigation (RDI) strategies allow to save water without generating losses in the production and quality of the crops and thus, increase the efficiency in the use of irrigation water. However, they must be adjusted to the farmer's water supply for each year. A study was carried out on Crimson Seedless table grapes during the years 2015 to 2017 with the aim of developing irrigation protocols adaptable to irrigation water availability. Stem water potential at midday was a very sensitive indicator of plant water status and irrigation scheduling adjusted to values close to -0.65 MPa did not affect production or quality. | Proyecto IRRIMAN LIFE+ Implementation of efficient irrigation management for sustainable agriculture LIFE13 ENV/ES/000539.
Show more [+] Less [-]Inactivación de Salmonella typhimurium por la aplicación de agua activada por plasma frío | Inactivation of Salmonella typhimurium by cold plasma activated water application Full text
2021
Clemente Carazo, Marta | Borroug, S. | Bourke, Paula | Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena
[SPA] El plasma frío es definido como el cuarto estado de la materia y es generado por una serie de descargas denominadas Spark y Glow, las cuales originan unas sustancias químicas que pueden interaccionar con microorganismos dando lugar a la inactivación de estos. S. typhimurium ha sido el patógeno elegido para este trabajo, ya que es el segundo serovar de Salmonella spp., con más casos de Salmonelosis en el año 2018. Los resultados aportados en este estudio mostraron un claro efecto sobre la inactivación de S. typhimurium debido a las especies reactivas generada durante los tratamientos PAW.] [ENG] Cold plasma is defined as the fourth state of matter and is generated by a series of discharges called Spark and Glow, which originate chemical substances that can interact with microorganisms resulting in the inactivation of these. S. typhimurium has been the pathogen of choice for this work, since it is the second serovar of Salmonella spp. with more cases of Salmonellosis in 2018. The results provided in this study, showed a clear effect on the inactivation of S. typhimurium due to the reactive species generated during PAW treatments. | Gracias al MINECO, AEI y FEDER, por la financiación del proyecto "Validación de nuevas herramientas y procesos para el análisis y la mejora de la seguridad alimentaria microbiológica", con cargo a la partida presupuestaria: 30.05.18.80.79 541A 642.10.
Show more [+] Less [-]Water and Nutrition: Necessary Efficiencies Facing of Climate Change and Variability | Agua y nutrición: eficiencias necesarias frente al cambio y la variabilidad climática Full text
2021
Arias A., Nolver A.
Water and Nutrition: Necessary Efficiencies Facing of Climate Change and Variability | Agua y nutrición: eficiencias necesarias frente al cambio y la variabilidad climática Full text
2021
Arias A., Nolver A.
Alterations in the climate associated with climate change and variability are a reality and impact agricultural activities. The changes generated in variables such as: temperature, the concentration of atmospheric CO2, the intensity and frequency of the rains, and the intensity of the winds, affect crop variables such as evapotranspiration, CO2 fixation and, ultimately, yields, as well, such as the availability of land for cultivation. Facing the challenges posed by these climatic phenomena implies the approach of multiple strategies. However, the efficient management of soil, nutrition and water in the crop, constitute three key factors that help mitigate the foreseeable negative impacts. It is then necessary: the implementation of soil protection measures such as plant covers, the increase in soil biodiversity, the use of growth-promoting microorganisms, fertilizer sources that increase efficiency, efficient cultivars in the use of nutrients and water, and measures that favor carbon sequestration such as the accompaniment of the greatest possible diversity of plants to cultivation andthe reduction in the use of agrochemicals that allow reducing the carbon footprint of crude palm oil production. In this article, we will do a review of the efficiencies necessary in terms of nutrition and water management in palm cultivation is carried out to reduce the risk associated with climate change and variability. | Las alteraciones en el clima asociadas con el cambio y la variabilidad climática son una realidad e impactan las actividades agrícolas. Los cambios generados en variables como: la temperatura, la concentración de CO2 atmosférico, la intensidad y frecuencia de las lluvias, y la de los vientos, afectan variables del cultivo como la evapotranspiración, la fijación de CO2 y, al final, los rendimientos, así como la disponibilidad de tierras para el cultivo. Enfrentar los retos que plantean estos fenómenos climáticos implica el abordaje de múltiples estrategias. Sin embargo, el manejo eficiente del suelo, la nutrición y el agua en el cultivo, se constituyen en tres factores clave que ayudan a mitigar los impactos negativos previsibles. Entonces, es necesario: el incremento de la biodiversidad del suelo, la implementación de medidas de protección del suelo como las coberturas vegetales, el uso de microorganismos promotores de crecimiento, fuentes fertilizantes que incrementen la eficiencia, cultivares eficientes en el uso de nutrientes y el agua, y medidas que favorezcan el secuestro de carbono como el acompañamiento de la mayor diversidad posible de plantas al cultivo y la reducción en el uso de agroquímicos que permitan disminuir la huella de carbono de la producción de aceite de palma crudo. En este artículo se realiza una revisión de las eficiencias necesarias en cuanto al manejo de la nutrición y elagua en el cultivo de la palma para disminuir el riesgo asociado con el cambio y la variabilidad climática.
Show more [+] Less [-]Genotype-environment interaction for production characteristics in cherry tomato (Solanum spp.) Full text
2021
CEBALLOS-AGUIRRE,NELSON | VALLEJO-CABRERA,FRANCO ALIRIO | MORILLO-CORONADO,YACENIA
ABSTRACT Much of the tomato diversity is found in cherry-type populations. There are promising wild cherry tomato species with good behavior in terms of yield and quality that can be produced with a minimum of agro-inputs. The genetic expression of genotypes is influenced by the optimal environment they can develop in. The genotype-environment interaction must be known to estimate the phenotypic adaptability in different environments. The objective of this research was to evaluate the genotype-environment interaction for 10 cherry tomato introductions in nine environments, four of which were artificial environments (0, 60, 120 and 180 kg ha-1 of potassium) established in natural environments on the Farms Montelindo, Tesorito and CEUNP. The experiment design used randomized complete blocks with four replicates; the experiment unit consisted of five effective plants per introduction. The evaluated variables were production per plant (PFT) (kg/pl), number of fruits per plant (NFT), and average fruit weight (AWF) (g/fruit). The genotype×environment interaction and the stability of the 10 genotypes were estimated with the AMMI multivariate model. The environments for T120K and T180K were optimal for the variables associated with production (PFT, NFT and AWF), with IAC1621, IAC426 and IAC1624 being the most promising genotypes per environment on the Farms Tesorito, Montelindo and CEUNP, respectively. The results are useful for the identification of genotypes in key locations for selection and evaluation in breeding programs.
Show more [+] Less [-]Genotype-environment interaction for production characteristics in cherry tomato (Solanum spp.) | Genotype-environment interaction for production characteristics in cherry tomato (Solanum spp.) Full text
2021
Ceballos Aguirre, Nelson | Vallejo Cabrera, Franco Alirio | Morillo Coronado, Yacenia
Much of the tomato diversity is found in cherry-type populations. There are promising wild cherry tomato species with good behavior in terms of yield and quality that can be produced with a minimum of agroinputs. The genetic expression of genotypes is influenced by the optimal environment they can develop in. The genotype-environment interaction must be known to estimate the phenotypic adaptability in different environments. The objective of this research was to evaluate the genotype-environment interaction for 10 cherry tomato introductions in nine environments, four of which were artificial environments (0, 60, 120 and 180 kg ha-1 of potassium) established in natural environments on the Farms Montelindo, Tesorito and CEUNP. The experiment design used randomized complete blocks with four replicates; the experiment unit consisted of five effective plants per introduction. The evaluated variables were production per plant (PFT) (kg/pl), number of fruits per plant (NFT), and average fruit weight (AWF) (g/fruit). The genotype×environment interaction and the stability of the 10 genotypes were estimated with the AMMI multivariate model. The environments for T120K and T180K were optimal for the variables associated with production (PFT, NFT and AWF), with IAC1621, IAC426 and IAC1624 being the most promising genotypes per environment on the Farms Tesorito, Montelindo and CEUNP, respectively. The results are useful for the identification of genotypes in key locations for selection and evaluation in breeding programs. | Tomate-Solanum lycopersicum
Show more [+] Less [-]The effect of potassium fertilization on the metabolite profile of tomato fruit (Solanum lycopersicum L.) Full text
2021
Weinert, Christoph H. | Sonntag, Frederike | Egert, Björn | Pawelzik, Elke | Kulling, Sabine E. | Smit, Inga
The macronutrient potassium (K) has vital physiological functions in plants and its availability can strongly impact quality of crops like tomato. The impact of K nutrition on conventional tomato fruit quality parameters has been described several times, but detailed investigations on the effect of K supply on the fruit metabolite profile are still rare. To fill this gap, we investigated the influence of K fertilization on the metabolite profile of tomato fruits. For this purpose, an outdoor pot experiment with three different cocktail tomato cultivars was performed. A fertilization regimen with five K levels was applied, ranging from deficiency to sufficient supply. Fruit samples were analyzed by untargeted GC×GC-MS to cover the primary metabolite profile as well as some secondary metabolites. As verified using ICP-OES, fruit K content was highly proportional to the supplied amount of K. At the metabolite profile level, the most prominent and cultivar-independent effect of increased K fertilization was the rise of tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle intermediates. Further effects were more cultivar-specific, for example an increase of the mobile nitrogen pool (e.g. amines like putrescine and amides like asparagine), changes in the profile of minor sugars (especially disaccharides) as well as higher levels of some secondary metabolites. Pronounced response patterns were mainly observed in the cultivars Primavera and Yellow Submarine that were recently characterized as higher yielding, demanding a stronger consideration of cultivar differences in future studies.
Show more [+] Less [-]WATER QUALITY IN URBAN WETLANDS OF ISLA MUJERES, QUINTANA ROO, MEXICO | CALIDAD DEL AGUA EN HUMEDALES URBANOS DE ISLA MUJERES, QUINTANA ROO, MÉXICO Full text
2021
Barrientos-Medina, Roberto Carlos | Ceballos-Povedano, Rosiluz | Cobos-Gasca, Víctor Manuel | Navarro-Alberto, Jorge A. | Este trabajo no recibió financiamiento externo
WATER QUALITY IN URBAN WETLANDS OF ISLA MUJERES, QUINTANA ROO, MEXICO | CALIDAD DEL AGUA EN HUMEDALES URBANOS DE ISLA MUJERES, QUINTANA ROO, MÉXICO Full text
2021
Barrientos-Medina, Roberto Carlos | Ceballos-Povedano, Rosiluz | Cobos-Gasca, Víctor Manuel | Navarro-Alberto, Jorge A. | Este trabajo no recibió financiamiento externo
Background: Bodies of water in the interior of Isla Mujeres, characterized by having homes around. Objective: Show information on the water quality of the Chica y Grande salt flats of Isla Mujeres, Quintana Roo. Methodology: A study was carried out in each body of water considering different numbers of random points for the measurement of hydrological and microbiological variables in three visits during 2016. The data obtained were analyzed using multivariate exploration techniques (main component analysis) and hypothesis contrast (multivariate variance analysis with permutations). Results: The results indicate that the differences between climatic seasons (north, dry and rain) are more important than the differences between wetlands, with temperature being the variable with more significant changes in the dry season. In terms of water quality, the most relevant indicators were dissolved oxygen and chemical oxygen demand, whose values allow salt flats to be located as bodies of water of low environmental quality. Implications: The importance of having an appropriate monitoring program and management plan for these emblematic ecosystems of the island is highlighted. Conclusion: salt flats are shallow wetlands, with very low concentrations of dissolved oxygen, leading to them being located as ecosystems with low environmental quality. | Antecedentes: Cuerpos de agua en el interior de Isla Mujeres, caracterizados por tener viviendas alrededor. Objetivo/hipótesis: Presentar información sobre la calidad del agua de las salinas Chica y Grande de Isla Mujeres, Quintana Roo. Metodología: Se realizó un estudio en cada cuerpo de agua considerando distintos números de puntos aleatorios para la medición de las variables hidrológicas y microbiológicas en tres visitas durante 2016. Los datos obtenidos se analizaron con técnicas multivariadas de exploración (análisis de componentes principales) y contraste de hipótesis (análisis de varianza multivariado con permutaciones). Resultados: Los resultados indican que las diferencias entre épocas climáticas (nortes, secas y lluvias) son más importantes que las diferencias entre humedales, siendo la temperatura la variable con cambios más significativos en la época seca. En términos de la calidad del agua, los indicadores más relevantes fueron el oxígeno disuelto y la demanda química de oxígeno, cuyos valores permiten ubicar a las salinas como cuerpos de agua de baja calidad ambiental. Implicaciones: Se resalta la importancia de contar con un programa de monitoreo y un plan de manejo adecuado para estos emblemáticos ecosistemas de la isla. Conclusión: las salinas son humedales someros, con muy bajas concentraciones de oxígeno disuelto, lo que lleva a ubicarlos como ecosistemas con una baja calidad ambiental.
Show more [+] Less [-]WATER QUALITY IN URBAN WETLANDS OF ISLA MUJERES, QUINTANA ROO, MEXICO Full text
2021
Roberto Carlos Barrientos-Medina | Rosiluz Ceballos-Povedano | Víctor Manuel Cobos-Gasca | Jorge A. Navarro-Alberto
Background: Bodies of water in the interior of Isla Mujeres, characterized by having homes around. Objective: Show information on the water quality of the Chica y Grande salt flats of Isla Mujeres, Quintana Roo. Methodology: A study was carried out in each body of water considering different numbers of random points for the measurement of hydrological and microbiological variables in three visits during 2016. The data obtained were analyzed using multivariate exploration techniques (main component analysis) and hypothesis contrast (multivariate variance analysis with permutations). Results: The results indicate that the differences between climatic seasons (north, dry and rain) are more important than the differences between wetlands, with temperature being the variable with more significant changes in the dry season. In terms of water quality, the most relevant indicators were dissolved oxygen and chemical oxygen demand, whose values allow salt flats to be located as bodies of water of low environmental quality. Implications: The importance of having an appropriate monitoring program and management plan for these emblematic ecosystems of the island is highlighted. Conclusion: salt flats are shallow wetlands, with very low concentrations of dissolved oxygen, leading to them being located as ecosystems with low environmental quality.
Show more [+] Less [-]Soil respiration in banana plantations fertigated with treated sanitary waste water | Respiração microbiana do solo em bananal fertirrigado com água residuária sanitária tratada Full text
2021
ALVES, PABLO FERNANDO SANTOS | SANTOS, BRUNA HANIELLE CARNEIRO DOS | SILVA, MARINA BORGES DE OLIVEIRA | XAVIER, ADELICA APARECIDA | SANTOS, SILVÂNIO RODRIGUES DOS | KONDO, MARCOS KOITI | RIBEIRO, REGINA CÁSSIA FERREIRA
ABSTRACT The main objective of this research is to evaluate the CO2 evolution in a Red Eutrophic Latosol (Eutrudox) fertigated with treated sanitary wastewater under “Prata-Anã” banana cultivation. Disturbed soil samples were collected from 0-20 and 20-40 cm soil profile depths. The experimental design was random blocks arranged in split-plots with four replications. The main plot factors were different treated sanitary wastewater doses applied as 130% and 200% compared with the maximum annual soil application limit (150 kg sodium ha-1) and a control treatment (clean water + mineral fertilization). Soil respiration was evaluated on the 7th, 14th, 21st, and 28th days. The assessment of soil respiration at a depth of 0-20 cm indicates that the use of wastewater increases soil respiration by 19.89 and 28.46%, respectively for treatments TSW1 and TSW2 in relation to the control treatment. At a depth of 20-40 cm, the use of the control treatment promotes an exponential reduction in soil respiration, tending to decrease and stabilize at 58.185 mg C-CO2 kg-1 evolved on the 28th day of evaluation. Treatments with wastewater present respiratory behavior in a quadratic behavior, with minimum respiratory values estimated on the 18th day, respectively 83.4 and 54.0 mg evolved C-CO2 kg-1 for treatments TSW1 and TSW2. | RESUMO O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a evolução de CO2 em um LatossoloVermelho Eutrófico (Typic Eutrustox) fertirrigado com água residuária sanitária tratada e cultivado com Banana“Prata-Anã”. Foram coletadas amostras de solo com estrutura deformada nas profundidades de 0-20 e 20-40 cm no perfil do solo cultivado com banana “Prata-Anã”. O delineamento utilizado foi em blocos casualizados em arranjo de parcelas subdividas, com quatro repetições. Os fatores na parcela principal consistiram na aplicação de diferentes doses de água residuária sanitária tratada sendo: 130 % e 200 % em relação ao limite máximo de aplicação anual de 150 kg ha-1 de sódio no solo mais uma testemunha (água limpa + adubação mineral). Avaliou-se aos 7, 14, 21 e 28 dias a respiração microbiana no solo. Na profundidade de 20-40 cm o uso do tratamento controle promove redução exponencial na respiração do solo, tendendo a diminuir e estabilizar em 58,185 mg C-CO2 kg-1 evoluído no 28º dia de avaliação.
Show more [+] Less [-]Evaluación del servicio de provisión de agua para consumo humano por la Junta administradora de agua potable de Itulcachi. Full text
2021
Nacimba Richard, Rodríguez Estefany
El proyecto de titulación tuvo como objetivo evaluar el sistema de provisión de agua para consumo humano, suministrado por la Junta Administradora de Agua Potable de Itulcachi, parroquia Pifo, cantón Quito, DMQ, para los barrios: Itulcachi y El Belén. Se inició con recorridos de todo el sistema, desde el sitio de captación, vertientes o fuentes de agua, pasando por la conducción, tanque de reserva o almacenamiento del agua tratada, y la distribución del agua en la población. Seguidamente, se llevaron a cabo inspecciones de las diferentes infraestructuras que componen el sistema de abastecimiento del agua, a fin de determinar el estado actual y prever las posibles alternativas de mejora. Se procedió al análisis de la calidad física, química y microbiológica, del agua, con la determinación de ciertos parámetros in situ y otros en laboratorio, de muestras tomadas en el sitio de la captación, como en el tanque de almacenamiento y en los domicilios localizados en los puntos alejados del sistema de distribución. Con los resultados de calidad del agua, se procedió a comparar con los límites máximos permisibles, de la normativa ambiental vigente, tales como los mostrados en el anexo 1, Libro VI, del Texto Unificado de Legislación Secundaria del Medio Ambiente (TULSMA) y la Norma Técnica Ecuatoriana NTE-INEN1108:2020. Finalmente, en una reunión ante los miembros de la Junta y la comunidad se verificó la calidad del agua y el cumplimiento con las dos normativas ambientales a excepción de los parámetros de: Demanda Bioquímica de Oxígeno y Oxígeno Disuelto. | The objective of this titling project was to evaluate the water supply system for human consumption, supplied by the Potable Water Administration Board of Itulcachi, Pifo parish, Quito canton, DMQ, for the neighborhoods: Itulcachi and El Belén. It began with tours of the entire system, from the catchment site and the springs or water sources, through the conduction, the reserve tank or storage of the treated water, and the distribution of water in the population. Subsequently, inspections of the different infrastructures that make up the water supply system were carried out, in order to determine the current state and foresee possible alternatives for improvement. The physical, chemical and microbiological quality of the water was analyzed, with the determination of certain parameters in situ and others in the laboratory, both from samples taken at the catchment site and in the storage tank and in homes located at the furthest points in the distribution system, with the water quality results, we proceeded to compare with the maximum permissible limits of the current environmental regulations, such as those shown in Annex 1, Book VI, of the Unified Text of Secondary Environmental Legislation (TULSMA); and the Ecuadorian Technical Standard NTE-INEN1108: 2020. Finally, in a meeting with the members of the Board and the community, the water quality of the evaluated system was verified and the compliance with the two environmental regulations with the exception of the parameters of: Biochemical Oxygen Demand and Dissolved Oxygen. | Guerra Salcedo, Santiago Stalin, director
Show more [+] Less [-]Detección molecular de genes vacA y cagA de helicobacter pylori en aislados de agua de riego y agua potable. Full text
2021
Cardona López, Lorena Guadalupe | Pocasangre Aguilero, Emerson David | González de Díaz, Coralia de los Ángeles | Romero Rivera, Mario Herbert
El objetivo de esta investigación fue detectar molecularmente los genes vacA y cagA de Helicobacter pylori en aislados de agua de riego y agua potable del sub-comité El Astillero en el distrito de riego del Valle de Zapotitán. La investigación se desarrolló en el periodo de septiembre del 2019 a enero del 2021; Se realizaron 10 visitas al Valle de Zapotitán para la recolección de las muestras de agua, periodo de tiempo en el cual se aisló Helicobacter pylori en las muestras de agua de riego, comprobando la presencia de genes vacA y cagA mediante PCR (Reacción en cadena de polimerasa) de punto final y determinando su perfil de resistencia a los antimicrobianos. Aunque no se encontró el microorganismo en estudio en las muestras de agua potable, los resultados del estudio de las aguas de riego confirman la supervivencia de Helicobacter pylori. Cepas a las cuales se les confirmó la presencia de los genes vacA y cagA. Además, se realizaron pruebas de susceptibilidad a antimicrobianos mediante la técnica de Kirby Bauer, confirmando que todas las cepas aisladas mostraron sensibilidad a Claritromicina, sensibilidad intermedia a Levofloxacina y resistencia a Amoxicilina en la mayoría de aislados, en cuanto a Metronidazol, fue el único que mostró 100% de resistencia. Se comprobó la viabilidad de la bacteria fuera de su hábitat natural, convirtiéndola en una posible vía de transmisión para los cultivos de hortalizas de la zona, considerando así la necesidad de iniciar con un plan de tratamiento de las aguas de riego y evaluar determinar esta bacteria patógena para el humano en esta matriz alimentaria.
Show more [+] Less [-]Training of environmental citizens through a course on water sustainability using ICT | Formación de ciudadanos ambientales mediante un curso sobre la sostenibilidad del agua utilizando TIC | Treinamento de cidadãos ambientais por meio de um curso sobre sustentabilidade da água usando TIC Full text
2021
Ruiz-Barrios, Estefania | Diez-Martínez Day, María Evelyn
One of the current problems is the compromised future of water, in terms of its sustainability. Education for environmental citizenship has not achieved the expected impacts on the changes in habits and consumption of the population in relation to this essential resource. Innovations in education that resume or promote interest in young people on this problem are necessary since it is the current and future generations who will have to face the challenges in this regard. The widespread use of these populations of technology makes it necessary to test the impact of its use for environmental education and awareness of participation in the use and consumption of water. The main objective of this research was to determine the effects of the implementation of a course on the subject of water sustainability through the use of digital tools in education for environmental citizenship in students of a public university in Mexico. Thus, this research took up the participation of 26 students to analyze the effect that reflection, analysis, criticism and dialogue on human activities related to water and the vital importance of this resource for the environment produced on them through a holistic conception. The topics covered included: 1. Conceptual elements about water, 2. Water and its importance from a holistic approach, 3. Situations and problems of water, and 4. Actions as environmental citizens. The results obtained indicate that there was an increase in knowledge, awareness and proenvironmental behavior regarding the reviewed topics, this when comparing the results obtained in the Pre-Test and Post-Test evaluation, where the change in their perception towards water and the environment was considerable. Finally, in the discussion of the results, theoretical aspects and research aspects concerning Environmental Education, Environmental Psychology and Environmental Citizenship. | Una de las problemáticas actuales es el futuro comprometido del agua, en términos de su sostenibilidad. La educación para la ciudadanía ambiental no ha logrado los impactos esperados en los cambios de hábitos y consumo de la población con relación a este imprescindible recurso. Innovaciones en la educación, que retomen o promuevan el interés en los jóvenes sobre esta problemática, son necesarias ya que son las generaciones actuales y futuras las que tendrán que enfrentar los retos al respecto. El uso generalizado de estas poblaciones de la tecnología hace necesario probar el impacto de su utilización para la educación ambiental y la concientización de la participación en el uso y consumo del agua. Esta investigación tuvo como objetivo principal determinar los efectos de la implementación de un curso sobre el tema de la sostenibilidad del agua mediante el uso de herramientas digitales en la educación para la ciudadanía ambiental con estudiantes de una universidad pública en México. Esta investigación retomó la participación de 26 estudiantes para analizar el efecto que produjo en ellos la reflexión, análisis, crítica y diálogo sobre actividades humanas relacionadas con el agua y su importancia vital con el ambiente, mediante una concepción holística. Los temas tratados incluyeron: 1. Elementos conceptuales sobre el agua, 2. El agua y su importancia desde un enfoque holístico, 3. Situaciones y problemas del agua, y 4. Acciones como ciudadanos ambientales. Los resultados obtenidos indican que hubo un incremento del conocimiento, sensibilización y comportamiento pro ambiental ante los temas revisados, ello al comparar los resultados obtenidos en la evaluación Pre-Test y Post-Test, donde el cambio de su percepción hacia el agua y el ambiente fue considerable. Finalmente, la discusión de los resultados retomó aspectos teóricos e investigaciones sobre Educación Ambiental, Psicología Ambiental y Ciudadanía Ambiental. Palabras clave: Sostenibilidad del agua; Educación Ambiental; Ciudadanía Ambiental; TIC; Universitarios. Training of environmental citizens through a course on water sustainability using ICT Abstract: One of the current problems is the compromised future of water, in terms of its sustainability. Education for environmental citizenship has not achieved the expected impacts on the changes in habits and consumption of the population concerning this essential resource. Innovations in education that resume or promote interest in young people on this problem are necessary since it is the current and future generations who will have to face the challenges in this regard. The widespread use of technology by these population makes it necessary to test the impact of its use for environmental education and awareness of participation in the use and consumption of water. The main objective of this research was to determine the effects of the implementation of a course on the subject of water sustainability through the use of digital tools in education for environmental citizenship in students of a public university in Mexico. Thus, this research took up the participation of 26 students to analyze the effect that reflection, analysis, criticism and dialogue on human activities related to water and the vital importance of this resource for the environment produced on them through a holistic conception. The topics covered included: 1. Conceptual elements about water, 2. Water and its importance from a holistic approach, 3. Situations and problems of water, and 4. Actions as environmental citizens. The results obtained indicate that there was an increase in knowledge, awareness and proenvironmental behavior regarding the reviewed topics, this when comparing the results obtained in the Pre-Test and Post-Test evaluation, where the change in their perception towards water and the environment was considerable. Finally, in the discussion of the results, theoretical aspects and research aspects concerning Environmental Education, Environmental Psychology and Environmental Citizenship. Keywords: Water sustainability; Environmental Education; Environmental Citizenship; ICT; University students. | Um dos problemas atuais é o futuro comprometido da água, em termos de sua sustentabilidade. A educação para a cidadania ambiental não tem alcançado os impactos esperados nas mudanças de hábitos e consumo da população em relação a este recurso essencial. São necessárias inovações na educação que retomem ou promovam o interesse dos jovens por essa problemática, pois são as gerações atuais e futuras que enfrentarão os desafios nesse sentido. A ampla utilização dessas populações de tecnologia torna necessário testar o impacto de seu uso para a educação ambiental e a conscientização da participação no uso e consumo da água. O objetivo principal desta pesquisa foi determinar os efeitos da implementação de um curso sobre o tema sustentabilidade da água por meio do uso de ferramentas digitais na educação para a cidadania ambiental com alunos de uma universidade pública do México. Assim, esta pesquisa contou com a participação de 26 alunos para analisar o efeito dessa reflexão, análise, crítica e diálogo sobre as atividades humanas relacionadas com a água e a importância vital deste recurso para o meio ambiente nelas produzido através de uma concepção holística. Os tópicos abordados incluíram: 1. Elementos conceituais sobre a água, 2. Água e sua importância a partir de uma abordagem holística, 3. Situações e problemas da água, e 4. Ações como cidadãos ambientais. Os resultados obtidos indicam que houve um aumento do conhecimento, consciência e comportamento pró-ambiental em relação aos temas analisados, isto ao comparar os resultados obtidos na avaliação Pré-Teste e Pós-Teste, onde a mudança na sua percepção sobre a água e o meio ambiente foi considerável. E por fim, na discussão dos resultados, foram retomados aspectos teóricos e pesquisas sobre Educação Ambiental, Psicologia Ambiental e Cidadania Ambiental.
Show more [+] Less [-]Diretiva Quadro da Água: o instrumento legal para a avaliação da qualidade ecológica da água, em rios, na União Europeia Full text
2021
Vidal, Tânia | Pereira, Joana L. | Gonçalves, Fernando J.M.
A Diretiva Quadro da Água (DQA) foi implementada na União Europeia em 2000 e gradualmente transposta para a legislação nacional dos Estados Membros. A DQA constituiu um importante avanço na proteção dos ecossistemas aquáticos superficiais, águas de transição e subterrâneas, tendo como objetivo atualmente que todas as massas de água atinjam a Boa qualidade ecológica, até 2027. No entanto, os procedimentos que permitem a monitorização e classificação das massas de água no âmbito da DQA são complexos e morosos. O presente artigo apresenta o enquadramento e a aplicação das metodologias de monitorização e classificação das massas de água de natureza lótica (p.ex. rios) de uma forma simplificada, contribuindo para melhorar a acessibilidade da sociedade em geral a esta informação, e consequentemente favorecendo a disseminação dos princípios e metodologias de monitorização associados à DQA. Este trabalho está focado especificamente em sistemas lóticos. Uma vez que a avaliação da qualidade da água sensu DQA considera a monitorização de comunidades biológicas e que as comunidades biológicas de maior importância indicadora são distintas entre diferentes tipos de ecossistemas aquáticos (p.ex. entre rios e albufeiras ou lagos), o enfoque foi definido para tornar o documento mais conciso. A informação aqui disponibilizada poderá servir como um suporte relevante para o desenvolvimento de estratégias de envolvimento da sociedade na implementação da DQA em Portugal, que se encontra ainda aquém do desejável.
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