The objective of this work was to determine the best condi ons for the water immersion test and to evaluate its e ciency for applica on on rice seeds. Five seed lots of cv. rice IRGA 417 were used, which were submited to immersion treatments tests for periods of 24, 48, 72, 96 and 120 hours at 25 C. After treatments, germina on test, par al and total length of seedlings and seedlings dry mater were accomplished. Water immersion test in the condi on of 24 hours of immersion of the seeds at 25 C, with evalua on of normal seedlings developed, is viable to evaluate vigor on rice seeds. | O presente trabalho teve por objeivo determinar as condiç es para a conduç o do teste de imers o em água como teste de vigor em sementes de arroz. Uilizaramrse cinco lotes de sementes de arroz cv. IRGA 417, caracterizados quanto à qualidade fisiológica inicial e submeidos aos tratamentos de imers o em água por períodos de 24, 48, 72, 96 e 120 horas a 25 C. Após os tratamentos, foram realizadas as avaliaç es de germinaç o, comprimento da raiz, parte aérea e total e massa seca das plântulas. O teste de imers o em água na condiç o de 24 horas a 25 C, seguido da avaliaç o da formaç o de plântulas normais, é viável para avaliar o potencial fisiológico de sementes de arroz.

Human consumption of water outside of the microbiological standards for drinking constitutes a health and disease risk factor. Through the process of infiltration in the soil, groundwater may be contaminated by the waste generated by human activity and deposited in the soil, waterways or air. The consumption of water in natura, captured in a spring, may lead to the risk of disease. One of the alternative technologies for disinfecting water that has shown promise is the generation of an oxidant solution in loco. The electrochemical reaction of sodium chloride produces oxidizing gases, which reacts with the water to produce the hypochlorite ion in balance with hypochlorous acid, along with traces of other oxidants. In the present study the development of a device based on an imported model that uses this type of technology wassought in order to reduce the cost of acquisition and makeit more available to disadvantaged communities with water quality issues. The evaluation of the efficiency of this technology in disinfecting water with different qualities (color and turbidity) was also sought, using total coliforms and Escherichia coli as indicator organisms of contamination. In each experimentthe quality of untreated water, and water after adding the oxidant was examined on turbidity, true color, residual chlorine, pH, temperature, and quantification of microorganism indicators. In the experiments performed we found that the adapted equipment showed to be as efficient in the production of disinfectant agents as the original equipment. In the microbiological assays performed on water contaminated with E. coli (synthesized water in a laboratory and natural) and total coliforms (natural water), the inactivation of these organisms was observed to be effective with the use of gases that came from the adapted equipment, taking into account the content of chlorine in water treated with the equipment. | Human consumption of water outside of the microbiological standards for drinking constitutes a health and disease risk factor. Through the process of infiltration in the soil, groundwater may be contaminated by the waste generated by human activity and deposited in the soil, waterways or air. The consumption of water in natura, captured in a spring, may lead to the risk of disease. One of the alternative technologies for disinfecting water that has shown promise is the generation of an oxidant solution in loco. The electrochemical reaction of sodium chloride produces oxidizing gases, which reacts with the water to produce the hypochlorite ion in balance with hypochlorous acid, along with traces of other oxidants. In the present study the development of a device based on an imported model that uses this type of technology wassought in order to reduce the cost of acquisition and makeit more available to disadvantaged communities with water quality issues. The evaluation of the efficiency of this technology in disinfecting water with different qualities (color and turbidity) was also sought, using total coliforms and Escherichia coli as indicator organisms of contamination. In each experimentthe quality of untreated water, and water after adding the oxidant was examined on turbidity, true color, residual chlorine, pH, temperature, and quantification of microorganism indicators. In the experiments performed we found that the adapted equipment showed to be as efficient in the production of disinfectant agents as the original equipment. In the microbiological assays performed on water contaminated with E. coli (synthesized water in a laboratory and natural) and total coliforms (natural water), the inactivation of these organisms was observed to be effective with the use of gases that came from the adapted equipment, taking into account the content of chlorine in water treated with the equipment. | Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior

Mestrado em Engenharia do Ambiente | O presente trabalho identifica os principais impactes provocados pela agricultura de regadio, sobretudo nos recursos onde esta mais intervém (água e solo). Um uso excessivo da água, fertilizantes e pesticidas, uma inadequada mobilização dos solos, práticas de drenagem e irrigações incorrectas, induzem à perda quantitativa e qualitativa da água, do solo e da biodiversidade. Medidas preventivas devem de ser tomadas, como é o caso da monitorização da qualidade da água em aproveitamentos hidroagrícolas, sendo este um instrumento de grande importância na gestão ambiental. O caso de estudo apresentado neste trabalho é o do Aproveitamento Hidroagrícola do Baixo Mondego, cujo plano de monitorização da qualidade da água é elaborado desde de 2000 até aos dias de hoje. Este plano inclui análises às águas superficiais de rega (Canal Condutor Geral), de drenagem (quatro zonas agrícolas: Vale Central, Vale do Pranto, Vale do Foja e Vale do Arunca) e subsuperficiais do Vale Central. Os vários parâmetros de qualidade da água são analisados fazendo-se referência aos limites aceitáveis por lei. No caso da água superficial de rega é boa para o seu uso, quanto às águas de drenagem muitas vezes ultrapassam os valores estipulados por lei, o que se deve a possíveis contaminações fora da área de estudo. No caso mais problemático dos nitratos são registados valores elevados às entradas das áreas agrícolas, diminuindo ao longo do vale, registando-se valores inferiores à saída destes. À saída do vale do Foja e Pranto foi possível arranjar uma boa correlação (r2 perto de 1) para os valores de condutividade com outros parâmetros. Estes valores apresentam-se elevados, principalmente nos meses de Outubro onde ocorre as primeiras chuvas de Outono (após um período de estiagem), arrastando os sais existentes no solo. A difícil estimativa dos caudais, efectuada no plano de monitorização, é um entrave para determinar a carga de nutrientes que passam em cada secção. São propostos contributos para a melhoria do plano de monitorização, com o intuito de efectuar as observações que permitam depois realizar o balanço de nutrientes, de modo a avaliar os fluxos de nutrientes provenientes das áreas agrícolas. Uma das observações que se torna necessária é a medição do caudal em determinadas secções de linhas de água, assim como apresentar alternativas às despesas relativas às análises da qualidade da água suportadas pela ABOFHBM. Relativamente a esta última alternativa, a ABOFHBM poderá adquirir um medidor de bancada multi-parâmetros e um medidor portátil de pH, condutividade, sólidos suspensos totais e temperatura, com interesse a nível económico. | This work identifies the major impacts caused by irrigated agriculture, particularly in the resources where it intervene more (water and soil). An excessive use of water, fertilizers and pesticides, inadequate mobilization of the soil, drainage practices and improper irrigation, induce qualitative and quantitative loss of water, soil and biodiversity. Preventive measures must be taken, such as monitoring of water quality in irrigation projects, which is a very important tool in environmental management. The case study presented in this work is the “Aproveitamento Hidroagrícola do Baixo Mondego”, whose plan for monitoring the quality of water is drawn from 2000 until the present day. This plan includes analysis of surface water irrigation (Channel Driver General), drainage (four agricultural zones: Central Valley, the Valley of Pranto, Valley of Foja and Valley of Arunca). The various parameters of water quality are analyzed by making reference to the limits acceptable by law. In the case of surface water irrigation this is good for that use, for the drainage water often exceed the limits set by law, which is due to possible contamination outside the study area. In the most problematic case of nitrates are recorded high values to the inputs of agricultural land, decreasing over the valley, registering below the output of these. At the outside of valley of Foja and valley of Pranto was possible to get a good correlation (r2 close to 1) for the conductivity values with other parameters. These levels were high, especially during October which is the first rains of autumn (after a period of drought) dragging the salts in the soil. The rough estimate of the flow carried in the monitoring plan, makes it difficult to determine the load of nutrients that are in each section. Contributions are proposed to improve the monitoring plan in order to make the observations possible after take stock of nutrients in order to assess the flow of nutrients from agricultural lands. One point that is required is the measurement of flow in certain sections of water lines, and present alternatives to the cost of the analysis of water quality backed by ABOFHBM. For that alternative, ABOFHBM can purchase a meter multi-parameter bench and a portable pH meter, conductivity, total suspended solids and temperature, with an economic interest.

il | Existe copia en microficha | Ingeniero Ambiental | Pregrado

El cambio climático se “sumerge” al interior del océano a través de la formación de masas de agua en distintas regiones. Tal es el caso del Agua Intermedia Antártica (AAIW), la masa de agua más extendida del océano global, presente a profundidades intermedias en todas las cuencas oceánicas. El AAIW, formada al norte del Frente Polar Antártico y en las costas de Chile, estaría jugando un rol importante en la distribución de calor y sal, pero en especial de gases como el oxígeno, dióxido de carbono y óxido nitroso, por mencionar algunos | Published | Agua Intermedia Antártica

O objetivo do trabalho foi comentar a água subterrânea utilizada como matéria prima nos produtos envasados na FLY, com ênfase no histórico da indústria, como também, uma síntese sobre o futuro sistema de tratamento das águas residuárias e a aplicação dos produtos NORUST / FERBAX em um poço de 120 metros de profundidade no aqüífero Barreiras, que apresentou teor de ferro acima 5mg/l. Assim sendo, as indústrias de alimentos, utilizam água subterrânea para atender a demanda das suas necessidades, onde essas empresas de relevante significado econômico e social para os municípios e estados.