The remote monitoring of atmosphere is designed to obtain information about the state of atmosphere. The principle of the remote monitoring of atmosphere is based on registering and processing of GLONASS/GPS radio signals. Modern networks of active reference stations allow us to solve both practical problems of geodesy, navigation, and purely scientific problems that are important in all geosciences. We propose to explore the existing infrastructure of national networks of active reference GNSS stations for remote sensing of the atmosphere in order to determine the water vapour content in the atmosphere as one of the major factors affecting weather.

Land as a production factor occupies a special position in the economic activities of the urban population. Land resources in big cities are not only territorial basis for placing industrial and production structures, but also a space for urban life in general. However, to assess the effectiveness of urban land use, primarily the ecological and economic potential of the use of the urban land resources should be determined aimed at sustainable development of urban agglomerations (Volodchenkov, 2010). The rapid pace of development of large cities in the world and an increase of their impact on the environment and society is accompanied by the set of economic, ecological and social problems which significantly influence the development of settlements in general (Stolʹberh, 2000; Onyshchuk, 2001). However, the process of urbanization as a result of rapid scientific and technological revolution requires large areas for deployment of large scale production facilities and urban settlements in the conditions of natural resource management (Kontorovich, Rivkin, 1986).

Cadastral measurement provides cadastral data of a parcel determining its boundaries. In theory, based on the legislative regulations, the boundaries of adjacent parcels should not cross the boundaries of parcels, therefore an overlap of parcels is not possible. Yet the question arises if this requirement is met. The study has been conducted to examine the assumption regarding the possible overlap of adjacent parcels when the parcels abut a road. The study object consists of 24 parcels randomly selected from Kėdainiai district municipality, Lithuania which abut the following roads of national significance: road No. 144 (Jonava – Kėdainiai – Šeduva) and road No. 195 (Kėdainiai – Krekenava – Panevėžys) as well as regional road No. 2007 (Akademija – Šlapberžė – Berželė). The cadastral measurements of the selected roads were carried out in the period of 2013–2014. During the study, the analysis of the conditions of overlapping of boundaries and the areas of the overlap have been carried out. The results of the study indicate that the boundary accuracy of parcels is inaccurate in relation to road boundaries.

The priority objective of the residential urban areas development – to improve the quality of life, sustainable development principles in order to form compact urban areas and polycentric functionally and socially integrated urban and suburban structure with the help of efforts of general public institutions as well as natural and legal persons. A living area today must comply with the needs of population from various social layers, so, when planning residential areas, it is necessary to assess the varied potential of the population needs and the quality of life expression. Therefore the article seeks to find out attitudes to residents’ environment, development of social services network, infrastructure condition, functional and planned structure of the area. For the implementation of the objective, the programme in the research sites has been prepared. This programme allows multifaceted examination of existing residential areas, the assessment of their physical condition, public opinion, public needs, comments and suggestions of professionals. After analysing the results of the research and drafting conceptual principles, it can be stated that the future of Lithuanian residential districts and cities depends on the territorial spatial planning system, which is affected by the free market and democratic society. Territorial spatial planning of residential microdistricts or blocks is the key to building sustainable and attractive cities.

One of the primary measures of the land reform is to create the national land registry and related land information database, which can be formed only through a complete inventory of land. This article analyses land inventory data in the current stage of land cadastre functioning and development of land relations, as well as discusses justification of organizational and legislative preconditions for land inventory in Ukraine.

This research study explores urban planning for transport sustainability in two cities Kaunas (Lithuania) and Jelgava (Latvia). As part of the analyses, a transport sustainability was compared in relation to three main aspects – economy, environment and society. The aim of this research is to review the existing transport system in two cities – Kaunas and Jelgava, and to evaluate their sustainability in environmental, social and economic dimensions. The study is based on the information about configuration and location of the existing transport system in two cities – Kaunas and Jelgava. It is important to submit proposals to decision making bodies in order to improve sustainability of transport.

The role of space geodetic techniques combination is becoming increasingly important to calculate the geodetic parameters. It has an intention of using the advantages and complementarity of different techniques to achieve the best solution. Estimation of geodetic parameters from observations mainly was done by least squares adjustment within the Gauss - Markov model. The combination can be done at three different levels: observations, normal equations and parameters. This article analyses the differences between the approaches and discusses the possibility of troposphere parameters calculation from a theoretical point of view.

The article presents the analysis of the current situation of the damaged land in Kaunas County. The methods of comparative, analytical as well as statistical and logical analysis were used for the investigation. The aim of the investigation is to carry out the analysis of the damaged land area in Kaunas County during the period between 2005 and 2017. The object of the investigation is Kaunas County damaged land. The study found that the number of affected areas in the county is 409. Because the damaged areas consist of mineral quarries and territories occupied by dumps, the article contains the description and condition of these areas. By 2009, there were 98 landfills in Kaunas County. Kaunas municipal waste management region comprises 6 municipalities; 58 old landfills and dumps were shut down, at present two regional non-hazardous waste landfills have been arranged. In 2017, the damaged land occupied 3,447.36 hectares and amounted to 14.15 percent of all Lithuanian damaged land and accounted for 0.43 percent of the county's area. During the period between 2005 and 2017 the damaged land area in Kaunas County increased by 236.48 hectares or 6.86 percent. The analysis of the damaged land area of the municipalities situated in the Kaunas County showed that the largest of these areas during the period between 2005 and 2017 was in Kaunas district municipality.

The national geodetic infrastructure of Ukraine has developed rapidly into Ukrainian Coordinate Reference System UCS – 2000, a fully GNSS compatible coordinate reference system, which is realised through networks of active GNSS stations. They provide data for post processing and streamed raw data for real-time network (RTN) solutions. The RTN raw data are currently being used by both Trimble (ZAKPOS Network), Leica Geosystems (System Solutions Network) and Topcon (TNT - TPI Network) to provide independent RTN solutions. This study is the first in the public domain to evaluate the performance of RTN services in Ukraine and it is intended to provide guideline information for geo-spatial practitioners. Based on collecting RTN data at five locations and using standard observing and processing methods, an accuracy of 25 mm ±10 mm with respect to 2D coordinates and 34 mm ±14 mm with respect to the heights was achieved. The three systems were shown to be generally comparable although some initialization problems were experienced. The result has revealed expected ~2-5 cm (95%) precision for the horizontal and vertical components; however, large horizontal and vertical biases were observed, which can be as high as 8 cm.

Land management and improvement of computer technologies in land use are one of the most important tasks of the state; their effective implementation is closely linked to the widespread implementation of modern achievements of information technology. The achievement of the maximum transparency of the processes is vital in the field of geo-information and spatial data resources during increasing the reliability and manageability of the infrastructure.