This research seeks to contribute to the literature by classifying the operational risks to which companies are exposed and that have an impact on the results of sustainability through taxonomy. This study begins with a systematic literature review that covers 103 documents to build the theoretical constructs and establish the taxonomy; from this, the relationship among the constructs is established through reasoning based on 100 business cases. The results show a relationship between operational risks and corporate sustainability in aspects that generate this link, such as causes and consequences. From this, it is concluded that operational risks could affect corporate sustainability given that, based on case-based reasoning; we found relationship patterns linked by the economic, social, and environmental consequences and temporary effects on companies. The major contribution of this work lies in the proposed classification of operational risks regarding corporate sustainability and the establishment of their relationship. The findings of this study allow the management to classify the operational risk related to sustainability to carry out comprehensive risk management in companies, looking at the effects that this generates in the long term. The main limitation of this research was that the results of the connections can change depending on the analysed case. In addition, the CBR case base includes many sectors of the economy, which is why it provides heterogeneous results. It was identified that the relationship can change if a sectoral analysis is performed.

The European Union’s Green Deal agenda emphasises the major importance of cleaner and more environmentally friendly energy sources for further economic development. Hydrogen is one of the potential renewable fuels that can replace fossil fuels in a variety of economic applications. The green hydrogen production across Europe is a key factor in achieving this goal. The aim of the study is to determine the influence of the connection between the availability of renewable energy sources, innovation, and economic development patterns on hydrogen production advancement. The research provides a comprehensive correlation analysis between the number of green hydrogen production sites and their capacity with statistical indicators describing economic growth, population, innovation, and particular economic characteristics within a particular EU Member State. The statistical data of this research outline the period from 2021 until the beginning of 2024. The results of the study suggest that nine of the 23 indicators examined – population size, gross domestic product, investment in research and development, total manufacturing value, overall industry value, total electricity produced, renewables in electricity production, solar power, and wind power in electricity production – have a strong or very strong positive correlation with hydrogen production. Furthermore, the analyses revealed that countries with large populations and high GDP volumes are more likely to develop hydrogen production in existing market circumstances.

In the article “Professor Tinbergen’s Method” (Keynes J. M. Professor Tinbergen’s Method. − The Economic Journal. 1939. Vol. 49. No. 195) John Maynard Keynes expressed critical notes concerning insufficient scientific level of the Jan Tinbergen’s results obtained with the help of econometric methods. The conclusion of present research is that the critical appraisal of econometric applying given by John Maynard Keynes in 1939 can be completely assigned to many published in Latvia research in economics and business done by inductive statistics because scientists carelessly apply the linear regression model in absence of the knowledge a priori required by proper theorems and algorithms. Moreover, many times there is no sense even to speak about stochastic experiment because the most important condition − ceteris paribus does not fulfil, namely, economic environment is not homogeneous enough. As the result, the causal inferences derived from Regression Report are not scientifically justified. The second conclusion is that the objective criticism in econometrics applications area in order to keep the satisfactory level of scientific correctness and scientific ethics in Latvia has to be established. We also assert that the applications of inductive econometrics in agriculture are much more justified due to possibility to repeat the stochastic experiments many times in constant circumstances like in physics and mechanics. The meta-target of present article is to remind the protests of John Maynard Keynes to the careless utilization of econometric theorems and to raise a wide discussion about the problems of correctness in applying inductive statistics in economics and agriculture in Latvia.