The animal model response against genetically modified product may provide food safety information. This study was performed to observe behavior, histopathology and physiological responses of Wistar rat fed on the diet containing growth hormone (GH) transgenic common carp (Cyprinus carpio) meal (Ccm). Thirty rats of three-month-old (BW: 115.67–139.50g) were divided into five treatments (six rats per treatment). The treatments were rats fed on the commercial diet without Ccm (control), a re-pelleted diet containing 15% (NT-15) and 45% non-transgenic Ccm (NT-45), a re-pelleted diet containing 15% (TG-15) and 45% GH transgenic Ccm (TG-45). Rats were kept for three weeks, fed twice a day according to treatment by 30 g/day/rat and water was provided ad-libitum. Rat behavior was observed every day during feeding. Serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT), serum glutamic pyvuric transaminase (SGPT), urea, and creatinine were measured at initial and the end of the experiment. Histology observation was made for liver, kidney, and brain tissues. Our results showed that behavior, histopathology, SGOT, SGPT, urea and creatinine levels of rat fed with control, NT- and TG-Ccm diets were similar. All rats survived until the end of the experiment. Thus, within the dose level of this study, GH transgenic Ccm showed no toxicity or effect on behavior and physiology of Wistar rats.

This study aims to obtain the physiological value of dugongs that live in natural habitats (in-situ) as protected wildlife, namely on the coast of Lingayan Island, Toli-Toli Regency. Wild dugongs caught on the beach were put into a net cage. After 14 days of living in a beach cage, measurements of heart rate, respiration, and body temperature were measured using non-invasive methods. This study showed that the value of heart rate, respiration, and body temperature were measured (80.00±17.32) beats/minutes, (17.33±6.80) inspiration/minute, and (32.75±0.07)°C. This physiological value is higher when compared to dugongs that live in captivity, this is likely due to the process of homeostasis through physiological adaptation mechanisms. The physiological value of the dugong is very important for the advancement of dugong animal health science and technology. Besides this finding can be a medical reference that is very useful for veterinarians in the diagnostic and therapeutic process.

The 3D city/landscape model is digital representation of real environment that can be used for planner or landscape architecture in urban development planning. That model’s more focused on building, whereas vegetation model’s also needed for urban planning simulation. This research purposes are to map existing vegetation and to generate individual trees model in some level of details. The research area is campus of ITB Jatinangor and the used data are orthophoto and DSM from UAV-Photogrammetry technology. Manual segmentation, classification, and NDSM generation process can provide tree information (position, crown diameter, species, height)-as 3D vegetation modeling input. It’s also necessary to provide classification, information, detail level, and visualization of vegetation model according to landscape architecture analysis needs. This research results are 3D vegetation models in LoD 1-3 with differents information based on appearance, geometry, semantic, and topology aspects of CityGML. Models then tested qualitatively based on visualization and sun shadow analysis. For visualization, the used data only able to generate LoD 1 and 2 vegetation model and the minimum LoD required for sun shadow analysis is LoD 2. Terrestrial data, which provide the real form and size of each tree part, is needed to generate LoD 3 vegetation model.

Banteng, Bos javanicus, as wild cattle is a vital and importance source of germplasm in Indonesia. Various human activities currently threaten their conservation status. Nonetheless, no long-term monitoring programmes are in place for this species. Using distribution point and statistical analysis based on 46,116 camera trap days from December 2015 to January 2017, we aimed to provide habitat preferences, activity patterns and ecological data for banteng population in Ujung Kulon National Park (UKNP). It is the largest population of banteng in Indonesia and is living in a limited habitat area. According to the best occupancy model, the most suitable areas for this species were the secondary forest located at the center portion of UKNP. The presence of the invasive cluster sugar palm, Arenga obtusifolia, in dry season provides additional alternative food for banteng when its main food is scarcer in the forest. Banteng was cathemeral all year round, with the proportion of cathemeral records and the recording rate did not change with the protection of the level area, moon phase or season. To reduce the probability of encountering predators, banteng avoided the space use of dholes. Selection and avoidance of habitats was stronger than avoidance of the predator activity areas. Habitat competition from domestic cattle which grazed illegally in the national park appears to be a problem to the species since zoonosis appears from domestic cattle to banteng. Therefore, effective law enforcement and an adequate conservation strategy are required to eliminate the impacts of both direct and indirect threats.

Jatropha curcas (J. curcas) is usually monoecious plants, which have male and female flowers on the same inflorescence. However, J. curcas can be found as an androgynomonoecious plant (have male, female, and hermaphrodite flowers), even though very rare. Androgynomonoecious J. curcas can be identified after six months of planting when it had started flowering. Therefore, it is important to identify the characteristics of androgynomonoecious J. curcas that can differentiate between androgynomonoecious and monoecious plants in earlier stages of growth. The objectives of the research were to observe isozymes, chromosome and flowers gender of androgynomonoecious and monoecious J. curcas Banten and Lampung accessions. Seeds from five genotypes of J. curcas were used in the research. The observation was carried out on the chromosome and isozymes (Peroxidase and Esterase isozymes) could be used as markers to differentiate androgynomonoecious and monoecious plants. Observations about the flower gender from offsprings derived from different seeds were important to know the inheritance of flower gender. The androgynomonoecious and monoecious J. curcas were diploid with number of chromosomes 2n=2x=22. The chromosomes of androgynomonoecious have longer than that of monoecious J. curcas. The isozymes of androgynomonoecious J. curcas had four alleles and monoecious J. curcas (Banten female monoecious) had three alleles. The flower inflorescence and gender derived from androgynomonoecious plants were unstable, due to androgynomonoecious is intermediate state.

Production of Macrobrachium rosenbergii shrimp was limited by vibriosis disease. Streptomyces can be used as an alternative control of vibriosis which is caused by Vibrio anguillarum. Aplication of Streptomyces sp.1 culture could give significant different impacts (p<0.05) on the percentage of survival (SR) of shrimp larvae that had been infected by V. anguillarum compared to the control. This study was conducted to identify and determine bioactive compound of Streptomyces sp.1. The presence of bioactive compound was confirmed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis. Identification of Streptomyces sp.1 by 16S rRNA partial gene sequencing method. Streptomyces sp.1 was identified to be Streptomyces sp.Sp1. There were 35 chemical compounds identified, the chemical compounds which have antimicrobial properties identified in the n butanol extract of Streptomyces sp.Sp1 are 3-Hexanone, 2-methyl (43%), n Butyl ether (19%) Nonane (CAS) n-Nonane (5.6%), Decane (CAS) n-Decane (3.2%), Hexacosane (CAS) n-Hexacosane (1.9%), Tetracontane (1.3%), Heneicosane (1.9%), Hexadeconoic acid, methyl ester (0.3%), Butane,1,1-dibutoxy (0.3%), and Limonene (0.3%). Benzeneacetic acid, 3-methoxy-.alpha.,4-bis[(tri (0.3%). These results suggested that Streptomyces sp.Sp1 had good general antimicroba activity and might have potential biocontrol antagonist Vibrio anguillarum.

Ciliwung riverbank has been affected by settlement occupation. Both concrete and another retaining wall system have been built to avoid flood and erosion to the settlement that has existed adjacent to the river. Built environment as human disturbance can trigger the change of species richness of ground vegetation in the Ciliwung riverbank of Bogor City. The research objective is to study the difference of ground vegetation biodiversity in three different types of riverbank based on its condition: natural, semi-natural, and constructed riverbanks. Point method and photographic sampling are used. Five replications of a square metre plot at three transects were placed at four sites sampling along 250 m each from the three different types of riverbank. Images of the plots are trained using sample point to overcome the difficulties in the field observation and statistical analysis. The result discovered that species richness in the natural riverbank is significantly higher than in semi-natural and constructed riverbank. Yet, no significance of species richness is shown between semi-natural and constructed riverbank. Total species of ground vegetation that we found were 55 species. Each different type of riverbank has its own highest species coverage: Asystasia nemorum (55.00%) in the natural riverbank, Pilea nummulariifolia (33.07%) in the semi-natural riverbank, and Pogonatherum crinitum (52.80%) in the constructed riverbank. The study concluded that the construction in the riverbank largely altered the biodiversity of ground vegetation in the urban riverbank. The outcomes suggest that the remnant of natural riverbank in the urban landscape should be highly protected from urban development to preserve its biodiversity. Also, species found could be potentially developed as landscape plants to support urban river planning, design, and management.

Cynomolgus macaques (Macaca fascicularis) are an established animal model of asthma, which exhibit different responses to allergen exposure that are clinically relevant. The chemokine ligand gene (CCL7) encodes Monocyte Chemotactic Protein-3, which has an important role in asthma pathogenesis. While CCL7 polymorphism in humans is associated with asthma phenotype, very little is known about CCL7 in nonhuman primate models of respiratory disease. The objective of this study was to isolate and characterize CCL7 gene in cynomolgus macaques of Indonesian origin. In this study, we used sequencing and bioinformatics technique for gene isolation, characterization, and protein 3D structure prediction. We isolated a 2253 base-pair (bp) sequence of CCL7 in cynomolgus macaques, which exhibited 95% similarity in coding sequence to human CCL7. The amino acid sequence was more closely clustered with human CCL7 than with that of rodents. Importantly, the predictive protein structure of CCL7 was similar to that in humans. These similarities in CCL7 suggests the potential of cynomolgus macaque as a translational model to study asthma, particularly in the context of genetics and role of chemokines such as CCL7.

Forest clove (Zyzygium aromaticum) is a type of wild clove found in Moluccas. The increasing interest of farmers in cultivating this plant leads to complete their information of morpho-agronomical characteristics which could provide diversity reflecting morpho-agronomical their distribution areas. This study aimed to characterize the morpho-agronomical traits of Forest clove plants in Moluccas. By survey, Forest clove more than 15 year old tree totalling of 50 populations were observed their 54 morpho-agronomical characteristics in two areas (Ambon and Seram) from March to June 2018. Two aromatic cloves, namely Tuni and Zanzibar were used for comparative analysis. The results showed that Forest cloves had a similarity of 78% among the population and grouped into 3 groups with a morpho-agronomical variation of 22%. On the contrary, Forest cloves and comparators (Tuni and Zanzibar) had morpho-agronomical differences of 58%. Based on the main component analysis, there were 11 most influential characters of Forest cloves (leaf size index, leaf length, leaf width, leaf area, petiole length, flower length, diameter of flower tube, ripe flower weight, fruit length, fruit width, and fruit weight) which could be descriptors for this plant species.

A New Guinea Orchid, Dendrobium antennatum Lindl urgently needs to conserve. The availability of in vitro germination technique for this orchids is significantly important to present the useful tool for conservation effort. This study aimed to find a simple media that consists of Growmore 10-55-10, a foliar fertilizer and complex organic i.e. coconut water, banana pulp, onion spring extract, and carrot juice. Five in vitro medium for seed germination and four in vitro sub-culture medium for planlet growth were formulated and used in this study. Our findings revealed that seed germination in vitro of Dendrobium antennatum well occured on the medium of Growmore 10-55-10 supplemented with 10% coconut water (GCw) and of Growmore 10-55-10 supplemented with 50 g/l extract spring onion. The seed germination process from sowing the seed to plantlet production ready to transfer to sub-culture medium for further growth took time 140 days. The embryo became pale green at the day 11 on the germination media. It could be used as a tool for detection of viability of the seeds. Both seed germination medium could be used also as sub-culture medium for enhancing the growth of the plantlets but not for multiplication of shoots.