选用27个筋力不同的小麦品种（系）为材料，研究了粉质仪、拉伸仪及揉混仪所获得的面团流变学特性指标间的相互关系，并通过逐步回归分析和通径分析，就11个面团流变学特性指标对面包加工品质影响力的大小及直接效应与间接效应进行研究。结果表明，3种不同测定方法的主要参数间存在极显著的相关性，其中粉质仪测定的形成时间、稳定时间、粉质质量指数，拉伸仪测定的拉伸面积、最大拉伸阻力、最大拉伸比，揉混仪测定的和面时间和8分钟尾高各指标间均呈显著或极显著正相关。这些指标直接或间接的影响面包的加工品质，其中最主要的因素为面团稳定时间、最大拉伸阻力、和面时间及粉质质量指数。 | Fariongraph, extenigraph and mixograph were the special instruments to determine rough rheological characters of watered dough,developing dough and kneading dough. Twenty-seven wheat varieties of different gluten strength were used to study the correlations in each rheological parameter from farinograph, extensigraph and mixograph. Multiple linear regression analysis and path coefficient analysis were used to study the direct and indirect effects of 11 dough rheological characters on bread quality. Results showed that significant correlations were existed in principal parameters among three methods. There was a significant or extreme significant positive correlation among development time, stability time, farinograph quality number(FQN) of farinograph, area, maximum resistance, viscolastic ratio of extensograph and mixing time, 8 minute curve tall of mixograph. These indexes affected bread processing quality directly or indirectly. And among them the most important indexes were stability time, maximum resistance, mixing time and FQN.

选用4头装有瘤胃瘘管的西门答尔牛,用常规全收粪法测定柠条锦鸡儿(Caraganakorshinskii)的消化率,用瘤胃尼龙袋法测定瘤胃降解率;选用荷斯坦育成母牛54头,分别饲喂当年生花期、结实期和2年生结实期切碎、揉碎及粉碎柠条锦鸡儿,测定饲喂效果。结果表明:干物质(DM)、有机质(OM)、粗蛋白质(CP)瘤胃降解率以开花期最高(P0.05),当年生结实期显著高于2年生结实期老枝(P0.05);中性洗涤纤维(NDF)、酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)和瘤胃降解率,当年生开花期与结实期差异不显著,但皆显著高于2年生老枝(P0.05);OM消化率以花期揉碎处理最高(P0.05),结实期揉碎和花期切碎间差异不显著,但显著高于其它处理;CP、NDF和ADF消化率均以花期揉碎最高,与结实期揉碎差异不显著,但显著高于其它处理;每千克代谢体重柠条锦鸡儿和日粮干物质采食量均以结实期较高;加工方式以粉碎采食量高;结实期揉碎处理的采食率、日增重最高(P0.05),每千克增重消耗精料最少,增重成本最低。

戊聚糖是影响小麦营养和加工品质的重要因素。将17份软质小麦品种进行了两年多点试验，分析了水溶性戊聚糖、非水溶性戊聚糖和总戊聚糖含量的遗传变异和基因型、环境及其互作对其影响；同时研究了3种戊聚糖含量与其它品质性状的关系。结果表明，中国软质小麦品种3种戊聚糖含量均存在显著差异，水溶性戊聚糖、非水溶性戊聚糖和总戊聚糖含量的变异范围分别为0.54%~1.07%、0.87%~1.43%和1.51%~2.47%。基因型和环境对3种戊聚糖含量的影响均达1%显著水平，且基因型是影响水溶性戊聚糖含量的主要因素；基因型和环境互作对其影响未达显著水平。3种戊聚糖含量与粉质仪吸水率呈5%显著正相关，r值分别为0.51、0.55和0.66；水溶性戊聚糖含量与峰值粘度、低谷粘度、最终粘度和峰值时间之间的相关均达1%显著水平，r值分别为-0.72、-0.72、-0.66和-0.70；水溶性戊聚糖和总戊聚糖含量与饼干直径的相关皆达1%的显著水平，相关系数分别为-0.70和-0.69。因此，在软质小麦育种中应注意选择戊聚糖含量较低的品种。 | High water absorbing capacity of pentosans is an important parameter to affect processing quality of common wheat. Seventeen genotypes of soft wheat were sown in three locations for two years to study the genetic variation of the water-soluble pentosans (WSP), water-insoluble pentosans (WIP), and total pentosans (TP), to investigate the effects of genotype, environment and their interaction on pentosans, and to determine the relationships between pentosans and other quality parameters. Significant difference in pentosans contents were observed in soft wheat genotypes, the range for WSP, WIP and TP were 0.54%C1.07%, 0.87%C1.43% and 1.51%C2.47%, respectively. They were mainly influenced by genotype and environment, and genotype was the most important factor determining WSP, and the effect of genotype and environment interaction was not significant. The WSP, WIP, and TP were positively correlated with Fairnograph water absorption, and the correlation coefficients were 0.51, 0.55 and 0.66, respectively. WSP was negatively correlated with peak viscosity, hold through, final viscosity, and peak time, and the correlation coefficients were -0.72, -0.72, -0.66 and -0.70, respectively. WSP and TP were negatively correlated with cookie width, the correlation coefficients were -0.70 and -0.69, respectively. Therefore, it is suggested that low pentosans are preferred for soft wheat cultivars.

谷子目标性状基因库育种法是河北省农林科学院谷子所为加强育种工作主动性和目的性提出的一种新型常规育种方法，它成功地将种质创新和新品种选育结合在一起，在对亲本材料进行分类的基础上，以不育材料作工具，构建多个混合群体－目标性状基因库，利用各基因库内基因的累加效应开展超亲育种，进行种质创新；利用基因库间基因的重组、互作效应及基因突变进行组合育种、改良育种，将各基因库创新的优良性状组合到一起，选育综合性状优良的新品种。河北省农林科学院谷子研究所用该法已创新出系列早熟、超早熟新材料，并利用这些材料培育出了多个综合性状优良的新品种，在国家谷子品种区域试验和品种比较试验中表现突出。培育出4份超早熟谷子新品种，在河北省坝上地区正常成熟，其中超早熟1号还具有甜秆、多穗、秸秆粗蛋白含量高的特点，超早熟2号小米富铁、粗脂肪、粗蛋白含量高。 | The way of target character gene bank breeding is a new way of conventional breeding, which is introduced by the authors’ my institute in order to improve initiative and purposefulness. It has combined germplasm innovation and breeding selection of new varieties. On the basis of classification of parental material, using the sterility line as tool, the authors’ has constructed different target character gene banks, and has developed transgression breeding and innovation in germplasm utilizing the additive effect of gene in the gene bank and has used gene recombination and interaction of gene and gene mutation to develop combination breeding and improve variety and breed new varieties. They have combined all the innovated good characters in all the gene banks to develop new variety with good synthetic characters. The reserch institute of Millet Crops in Hebei Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Science innovated a set of pre maturity, super-prematurity materials using this method, and has developed many good new varieties with synthetic characters. These varieties showed prominent in national millet variety test and variety test. Four super-prematurity lines were developed, which could maturate normally at Ba-shang District in Hebei Provience. So the forbidden zone for millet breeding is broken through. Among the four lines, super-prematurity No.1 has sweet-straw, multi-spike and high crude protein. Super-prematurity No.2 has well-off iron, high crude protein and high crude fat.

通过杂交和染色体加倍人工合成了埃塞俄比亚芥×白菜型油菜间的三倍体和六倍体杂种，并对其进行了细胞学鉴定、气孔观察以及一些生理生化特性的分析。在染色体记数、原位杂交和分子标记印证的基础上，比较了两种不同染色体加倍方法的效率。生理生化分析显示，六倍体杂种植株叶片的游离脯氨酸含量、质膜相对透性、Vc含量和叶绿素含量与三倍体杂种植株相比都有明显的差别。 | Interspecific hybridization between Brassica species is an important way to create new resources and combine the valuable characters of different species, which is widely used in plant breeding. 120 plants of triploid hybrid（ABC, n = 27） derived from cross between B. carinata（BBCC,2n = 34） and B. rapa（AA,2n = 20）was obtained which played a important role in creating bridge materials for other Brassica species with one or two of the three genomes, 80 % of the hybrid plants had expected 27 chromosomes and showed intermediate characteristics. RAPD markers also verified the true hybrid nature. Two ways were used for chromosome doubling, one was that the 0.05 % colchicine solution was dropped on the growing point, another was that the seedlings were dipped into the 0.05 % colchicine solution for 8 hours, the ratio for chromosome doubling varied much between two methods. GISH results revealed that 16 strong signals could be sharply distinguished from other 38 chromosomes, which indicated the hexaploid hybrid came from chromosome doubling of triploid hybrid directly. Compared with triploid hybrids, the stomata size in hexaploid（AABBCC,2n = 54）hybrids was 1.65 times larger than that in triploidson the average. Otherwise, the stomata density of triploids was 1.83 times higher than that of hexaploids. It was also found that, except the electrical conductivity, all of biochemical measurements, such as the contents of proline（Pro） ,vitamine C（Vc）and chlorophyll, were higher in the hexaploid hybrids than that in triploid.