淀粉是玉米作为工业原料最主要的产品,其中直链淀粉在工业上用途更为广泛。玉米直链淀粉含量直接影响玉米淀粉品质,也是高直链淀粉玉米选育的重要指标。测定半粒玉米直链淀粉含量对玉米品质育种早代材料的筛选尤为重要。本实验对半粒玉米样品的前处理及其直链淀粉含量的碘比色测定法进行了研究,提出了半粒玉米样品的直链淀粉含量测定方法。该方法简便有效,可以减少早期选种的盲目性,加快育种进程。

利用人工气候箱,模拟不同昼夜温度(CK:30/30℃;TR1:30/25℃;TR2:30/20℃;TR3:30/15℃;TR4:30/10℃)培养水稻品种粤香占幼苗,研究其对种子萌发及种苗初期生长的影响,旨在为生产上培育壮秧、壮苗提供理论依据。结果表明,昼夜变温可显著提高水稻秧苗素质:株高降低、茎秆变粗、根系发达、干重增加。昼夜变温处理对水稻幼苗的某些生理生化指标产生明显影响。其中,30/20℃(TR2)处理组水稻幼苗淀粉酶活性最高(比对照高17.14%);30/15℃(TR3)处理组水稻幼苗根系活力最高(比对照高12.91%)。

研究了蜂蛹蛋白质的酶解工艺以及蜂蛹氨基酸口服液对小鼠的强壮作用。结果表明，1398中性蛋白酶可以对蜂蛹蛋白质进行有效水解，其最佳工艺条件为：酶浓度0.65%，料液比1∶14，在50 ℃下酶解4 h，游离氨基酸的生成量可达224.98 mg/g干蜂蛹。蜂蛹氨基酸口服液可以有效增加小鼠体重，提高小鼠血液红细胞数量以及血红蛋白、血清总蛋白浓度，提高受试小鼠的脏器系数。表明蜂蛹氨基酸口服液对幼年雄性小鼠具有很好的强壮作用。 | The enzyme hydrolyzation technology of honeybee pupa protein and strengthening effect of honeybee pupa drink for mice were studied in this test. The results showed that the honeybee pupa protein could be hydrolyzed by neutral proteinase. The optimal technique was: enzyme concentration 0.65%, temperature 50 ℃, time 4 h,honeybee pupa: solvent 1∶14; and 224.98 mg/g AA could be produced by this technology. The honeybee pupa drink could effectively increase weight, amounts of blood RBC and PLT, concentration of Hb and serum TP, viscera coefficient of mice and these results showed that the honeybee pupa drink had an evident strengthening effect for young mice.

为了研究丝素肽的制备工艺及其理化性质，用沸腾的质量分数40% CaCl2溶液溶解精炼的废蚕丝，将制得的丝素蛋白盐溶液加入Alcalase酶进行酶解反应，酶解液经超滤器超滤后的丝素肽溶液再用纳滤设备脱盐，得到的溶液进行喷雾干燥即制得丝素肽粉，同时对丝素肽粉的理化性质进行测定。结果表明，制得的丝素肽粉中丝素肽含量为929.6 g/kg；当其水解度为17%时，丝素蛋白水解产物中主要组分的相对分子质量分别为249和762，含量分别约占72.9%和15.5%，当水解度为21%时，丝素蛋白水解产物中主要组分的相对分子质量分别为209和668，含量分别约占84.4%和7.2%；丝素肽主要氨基酸（甘氨酸、丙氨酸、酪氨酸和丝氨酸）的含量之和占其氨基酸总量的85%左右；其平均疏水性为2.29 kJ/残基；丝素肽在pH为2～10时具有很好的溶解性；丝素肽溶液的黏度较小，且随浓度增加，丝素肽溶液的黏度增加不大。可见，丝素肽具有良好的理化特性和营养特性，应用前景广阔。 | To study the preparation technics, and physical and chemical properties of silk fibroin peptide, refined waste silk was dissolved in 40% calcium chloride solution. The solution obtained was hydrolyzed with alcalase, then ultrafiltrated, and after these processes, desalted by nanofiltration (NF). Finally the desalted solution was sprayed dry. The physical and chemical properties of silk fibroin peptide powder were determined. The results showed that the content of silk fibroin peptide in silk fibroin peptide powder was 929.6 g/kg. The relative molecular weights of the main components of silk fibroin hydrolysate with DH 17% were 249 and 762, respectively, and the water contents took up about 72.9% and 15.5%, respectively. The relative molecular weights of the main components of silk fibroin hydrolysate with DH 21% were 209 and 668, respectively, the contents taking up about 84.4% and 7.2%, respectively. The main amino acids of silk fibroin peptide were glycine, alanine, serine and tyrosine, taking up 85% of a total amount of amino acid. The average hydrophobicity was 2.29 kJ/residues. The solubility of silk fibroin peptide was very good in the pH ranging from 2 to 10. The viscosity of silk fibroin peptide solution was low, and increased lentamente with the concentration increased. So silk fibroin peptide had good physical, chemical and nutrient properties, and would have a wide application foreground.

小麦低分子量麦谷蛋白亚基（LMW-GS）约占种子贮藏蛋白的1/3，对面团延展性和食品加工品质有重要影响，是小麦品质改良的主要目标之一。由于其基因拷贝数较多，分子量小，且在电泳图谱上与醇溶蛋白相互重叠，有关LMW-GS的研究远不及HMW-GS深入。笔者系统论述了LMW-GS的命名和结构特征、编码基因在染色体上分布及等位变异类型、Genbank注册的LMW-GS基因及其分类、LMW-GS与品质的关系等，并结合作者的研究结果对LMW-GS基因的鉴定及分子标记开发进行了探讨，目的是为低分子量亚基用于小麦品质改良提供理论基础。 | The low-molecular-weight glutenin subunit (LMW-GS) of wheat is about 1/3 of the amount in seed storage proteins and has great effects on dough extensibility and food processing quality. It has thus became one of the main factors for wheat quality improvement. However, resolution of the LMW-GS and the scoring of their alleles by direct analysis of proteins are challenging to work with due to the larger number of expressed subunits and their overlapping mobility with the abundant gliadin proteins. In this paper, scientists reviewed the nomenclature and structure features of LMW-GS, their coding gene loci on chromosomes and allelic variation, the registered genes in Genbank and classification, and their relations with. We also discussed the identification of LMW-GS genes and their development of molecular markers based on the author’s own research results, in order to provide a theoretical basis for using LMW-GS in breeding quality wheat cultivar.

花朵香味的分子实质是一类具有较低分子量的挥发性分子,主要包括类萜、苯型烃与苯丙素类、脂肪酸及其衍生物和一些含氮含硫化合物。花朵的香味与人类关系密切,但因其难以定量定性和缺少合适的突变体筛选方法,目前其研究水平远滞后于花形、花色等花朵的其他重要性状。近年来,随着分子生物学的发展,花香领域的研究也呈现出加速发展的趋势,目前对这类分子在植物体内的生物合成途径已有不少了解,相关途径中的关键酶基因已被相继克隆。这些工作使人们通过引入新的香味物质合成基因或增强原有基因的表达来改变花朵的香味成为可能。本文介绍了近年来花朵香味的生物学功能、检测手段、代谢途径、分子生物学及基因工程等方面的研究进展,并对今后的研究趋势进行了展望。 | Flower fragrance is composed of various volatile low-molecular-weight chemicals, mostly belonging to four major groups： terpenoids, benzenoids and phenylpropanoids, fatty acid derivatives, and nitrogen and sulfur containing compounds. Although there is a close relationship between humankind and flower fragrance, the biochemistry and molecular biology of floral fragrance would be much more poorly understoodings than that of other important flower characters, such as flower morphology and color. Due to the invisibility and the highly variable nature of this trait, no simple and efficient methods to identify genetic variations has been developed so far. In recent years, the growing progress in flower fragrance research has been made with the rapid developments of molecular and biochemical techniques, for example, several biosynthetic pathways of fragrance compounds have been elucidated and many genes encoding key enzymes involved in these pathways have been cloned. It would be well benefits from these works for manipulating flower fragrance by expressing or up-regulating key enzymes in fragrance compound biosynthetic pathways. In this paper, the major advances and future prospects in this fields was reviewed.

在大多数维管植物中4CL以基因家族形式出现。4CL基因成员在植物组织中差异表达,参与不同的苯丙烷类衍生物的生物合成。4CL基因的表达受发育调控,其表达还能被环境因子激活,如各种伤害、病原菌侵染、紫外线辐射等。4CL具有高度趋异的底物偏好性及底物特异性,决定4CL同工酶底物特异性的因素可能是结合沟的空间限制而不是底物和多肽链之间的特异性相互作用。在4CL氨基酸序列中存在2个保守的肽基序(motif),肽基序BoxⅠ,SSGTTGLPKGV,肽基序BoxⅡ,GEICIRG。应用反义技术已经成功地将4CL基因用于调控模式植物拟南芥、烟草及木本植物美洲山杨、毛白杨木质素的生物合成。未来的研究应侧重以下方向:应用多种技术分离、鉴定出更多木本植物的4CL基因;通过生物技术来增加木本植物木质素含量的研究也值得期待;建立4CL蛋白结晶体系,从原子水平解析4CL蛋白的结构,从而从根本上阐明4CL蛋白结构与功能之间的关系。

为了分析不同加工方式对传统荞麦制品营养成分含量及功能特性的影响。利用高效液相色谱法测定了蒸、煮、烙、油炸和发酵等加工方式所得传统荞麦制品中的芦丁、槲皮素含量，对其制品的抗氧化能力进行了比较。结果表明,荞麦面粉加水调制成面团时，芦丁结构发生了变化，生成了槲皮素；传统荞麦制品中，槲皮素含量远高于芦丁含量；不同加工方式对芦丁和槲皮素含量的影响不同，发酵对荞麦中芦丁、槲皮素的影响最大(苦荞面粉中的芦丁含量为6 869.1 mg/kg，槲皮素未捡出;而苦荞醋中的芦丁含量为19.8 mg/kg，槲皮素含量为29.2 mg/kg)，油炸次之，煮制对芦丁、槲皮素的影响最小；不同加工方式所得苦荞制品的甲醇提取物均具有一定的抗氧化能力，其中发酵制品的抗氧化能力最强，而油炸制品最弱。此结果提示人们在加工荞麦制品时，应尽量避免采用加热温度较高的烙制和油炸，可多采用煮制加工，以减少对荞麦制品品质的影响，同时应重视苦荞醋的研究与开发。 | The effects of different processing methods on nutrition content and functional characteristics of traditional buckwheat products were analyzed. The rutin content and quercetin content in buckwheat and traditional buckwheat products were determined by high performance liquid chromatography. The oxidation resisting ability of different traditional products was compared. The results showed that when the buckwheat flour was modulated into dough, rutin would be changed into quercetin; the quercetin content was more than rutin content in traditional buckwheat producs; the effects of different processing methods on rutin and quercetin content were different, in which the effect of fermented process on rutin content and quercetin content of product was most serious (Rutin content in buckwheat flour was 6 869.1 mg/kg, and quercetin content was not detected, but rutin content in buckwheat vinegar was 19.8 mg/kg and quercetin content was 29.2 mg/kg), fried process was less serious, and boiled process was the least. All the methanol extracts from different traditional tartary buckwheat products showed some antioxidation ability, the fermented tartary buckwheat product had the strongest antioxidation ability, while the fried products showed the weakest. The results showed that in order to reduce the effects of processing methods on processing quality of buckwheat products, the boiled methods instead of baked and fried methods should be used during the buckwheat products processing, also the research and development of tartary buckwheat vinegar should be payed more attention.

为揭示非1BL/1RS小麦雄性不育系的恢复性遗传规律，特别是对恢复系的创制， 以具有粘型、易型和偏型等细胞质的非1BL/1RS小麦雄性不育系，及对其有一定恢复力的小麦品种（系）132、83-3等为基础材料，以01-3-6为工具材料，采用特殊复合杂交法研究了这几类异质非1BL/1RS小麦雄性不育系微效恢复基因的累加效应。结果表明，以国际法表示时，不同核型材料中的粘型、偏型非1BL/1RS小麦雄性不育微效恢复基因均存在显著的累加效应，且在累加高代表现较为明显，以国内法表示时，则没有累加效应；不同核型材料对易型非1BL/1RS小麦雄性不育系育性恢复没有明显的规律性，以国内法计算的恢复度世代间变化幅度明显低于国际法；粘型、偏型非1BL/1RS小麦雄性不育系杂种F1产量的形成以小穗中部小花结实为主。 | The studies focus on the accumulating effect of the restoring gene of several alloplasmic non-1BL/1RS male sterile lines in wheat by special complex hybridization. Three non-1BL/1RS male sterile lines possessing the cytoplasm of Ae. kotschyi, Ae. variabilis, Ae. ventricosa and several good cultivars 132, 83-3, etc., which to some extent have restoring ability to the tree male sterile lines mentioned above, have been used as basic material and the 01-3-6 as tool material. The results are as follows: on the whole, the restoring genes for the non-1BL/1RS male sterile lines of K and Ven type in different nuclei type material have significant accumulating effect by international method especially in high generations, in comparison with Xiaoyan 6; but the restoring genes have no accumulating effect by domestic methods. As for the fertility restoring performance for the non-1BL/1RS male sterile lines of V type, seed setting rate has no orderliness in different generations and the changing range of seed setting rate by domestic method is lower than the one by international method. The F1 yield of K and Ven type non-1BL/1RS male sterile lines mainly comes from the middle flowerlet of spikelet._

为了了解冬小麦根系水力导度（Lpr、）根系解剖结构以及品种抗旱性三者之间的关系，在人工气候室水培条件下，研究了长武134、陕253和小偃6号3个不同抗旱类型冬小麦品种根系水力导度的变化及其与解剖结构之间的关系。结果发现，水分胁迫下，冬小麦各品种的根系Lpr与木质部中央大导管直径均降低，而根系直径和皮层厚度则增加。但总体上抗旱性越强的冬小麦品种根系Lpr越低，木质部中央导管直径越小，根系直径与皮层厚度越大；冬小麦根系Lpr与木质部中央大导管直径呈显著正相关关系，与根系直径及皮层厚度均呈显著负相关关系。该结果为提高冬小麦品种水分利用效率与抗旱性的遗传育种研究提供了理论依据。 | In this study, three varieties of winter wheat (Changwu 134, Xiaoyan 6 and Shaan 253) with different drought-resistance were used to understand the relationships among roots Lpr, roots anatomy and drought-resistance under the condition of solution culture in climatron. The results indicated that under water stress condition, roots Lpr and xylem vessel diameter decreased compared with control, while roots diameter and cortex width increased for all the varieties of winter wheat. Under the same water treatments, the wheat varieties with stronger drought-resistance had the lower Lpr; the smaller xylem vessel diameter, showed the bigger root diameter and cortex width. Roots Lpr was obviously positively correlated with the xylem vessel diameter (r=0.86), and obviously negatively correlated with the root diameter (r=0.76) and cortex width (r=0.79). This result will provide scientific references for genetic breeding to improve the water use efficiency (WUE) and drought-resistance of winter wheat.