分析晋西黄土丘陵区主要人工林地土壤的抗蚀性及其影响因素，为该地人工林建设过程中树种的搭配提供依据。选择山西中阳县车鸣峪林场神疙瘩管护站的5种人工林地为研究对象,取样测定其土壤的基本理化性质及土壤抗蚀性指数,并分析了5种人工林地土壤抗蚀性及其与土壤理化性质的关系。不同种类人工林的土壤抗蚀性有差异，土壤抗蚀性指数表现为刺槐油松榆树混交林＞油松林＞侧柏林＞刺槐林＞灌木林，不同土层的土壤抗蚀性指数也有区别，表现为0~20 cm土层大于20~40 cm土层。土壤抗蚀性指数随着时间的增加而降低，且二者间呈三次函数关系，其中20~40 cm土层土壤抗蚀性指数下降幅度更大。土壤抗蚀性指数与粒径＞0.25 mm土壤水稳性团聚体、土壤粘粒（粒径＜0.001 mm）和有机质含量呈显著正相关，其与土壤基本物理性质和化学性质存在一定的线性关系，土壤抗蚀性受土壤基本物理性质的影响较大。不同人工林地土壤抗蚀性差异较大；为减轻土壤侵蚀，应当营造混交林，保护表层土壤。 | Analysis was made on the major plantation corrosion resistance and its influencing factors in hilly-gully loess area of west Shanxi to provide the basis for species with the plantation of the construction process. Based on the experiments of dispersion of particals in water, soil anti-erodibility of five different plantation lands in Shanxi Zhongyang was studied, and also the relationship between soil anti-erodibility and soil physical and chemical characteristics was discussed. There is evident difference in anti-erodibility of plantation lands: soil anti-erosion indices are put in order as follows: Leguminosae×Pinaceae×Ulmacea＞Pinaceae＞Cupressaceae＞Shrubbery. The soil anti-erodibility indices of upper 20 cm are bigger than those under 20 cm. The soil anti-erodibility indices are getting lower and lower as time goes on. The relationship between soil anti-erodibility indices and times is cubic function. There is close liner relationship between soil anti-erodibility indices and soil properties. The amount of water-stable aggregates(＞0.25 mm), soil clay(＜0.001 mm) and organic matter is significantly related to soil anti-erodibiliy. Different plantation soil anti-erodibility is quite different and in order to reduce soil erosion, we should create mixed forest and protect the topsoil.

以沙葱（Allium mongolicum Regel）为试材，通过研究人工播种后刈割次数对其生长发育特性及根部贮藏物质积累及产量的影响，为沙葱适宜刈割次数及适宜刈割时期的确定提供理论依据及实践指导。结果表明：随着刈割次数的增加，沙葱叶鲜重、干重及根鲜重、干重呈降低趋势（P0.05）；其地下部根长、根数、分蘖数及鳞茎直径也有不同程度的降低趋势（P0.05）；但根系中蛋白质呈增加趋势（P0.01），可溶性糖含量呈先升高后降低的趋势，淀粉含量则先降低后逐渐升高；刈割1次的第2年抽薹率和抽薹数显著高于其他处理（P0.01），但与对照差异不显著。沙葱当年和第2年的总产量均以年内刈割3次（处理Ⅲ）最大，分别为3192kg/hm2和22266kg/hm2，各处理单茬产量则随刈割次数的增加而降低。 | Effects of cutting frequency on growth, development character and storage substance accumulation in roots of cultured Allium mongolicum Regel were studied. Results showed that fresh weight, dry weight of leaf and root, root length and number, tiller number and bulblet diameter all decreased (P0.05), whereas protein content of root increased (P0.01) with cutting frequency increasing. Soluble sugar initially increased then decreased, whereas starch initially decreased then increased with cutting frequency increasing. Bolting ratio and number of treatments for one-time cuttings were significantly higher than other treatments (P0.01) but had no significant difference compared with control. The annual and biennial total outputs were 3192 kg/hm2 and 22266 kg/hm2, respectively. The annual output of all tested treatments decreased when cutting frequency increasing.

利用传统平板培养结合聚合酶链式反应-变性梯度凝胶电泳（PCR-DGGE）的技术方法,对真空包装盐水鹅加工过程中微生物污染状况和菌群多样性进行了分析。结果表明：环境及产品表面微生物的数量和种类随加工工序和时间的不同而变化;解冻和分割是影响产品卫生质量的关键环节;原辅料携带的污染菌是加工过程中微生物污染的主要来源;环境、设备和产品之间的交叉污染及分割时的二次污染是产品表面微生物污染的主要途径;加工过程中主要微生物种类有：Leu-conostoc lactis、Lactobacillus parabuchneri、Uncultured Psychrobacter sp.、Acinetobacter johnsonii、Shewanella baltica OS678、Pseudo-monas fluorescens、Psychrobacter sp.、Macrococcus caseolyticus、Staphylococcus aureus、Psychrobacter sanguinis、Pseudomonas fragi、Weissella hellenica和Carnobacterium divergens,其均可能成为产品在贮藏期间的优势腐败菌,影响产品货架期。 | Traditional plate culture and polymerase chain reaction-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis（PCR-DGGE）methods were used to investigate the microorganism contamination and analyze the bacterial diversity in vacuum-packed salted goose during processing.The results showed that the microbial quantity and species in environment and products varied at different procedures during processing,the critical control point was thawing and dividing,and the initial microorganism in the raw materials was the major sources of contamination.The cross-contamination between air,equipment and products,and recontamination were important channels of contamination.The main bacteria in environment and products included Leuconostoc lactis,Lactobacillus parabuchneri,Uncultured Psychrobacter sp.,Acinetobacter johnsonii,Shewanella baltica OS678,Pseudomonas fluorescens,Psychrobacter sp.,Macrococcus caseolyticus,Staphylococcus aureus,Psychrobacter sanguinis,Pseudomonas fragi,Weissella hellenica and Carnobacterium divergens,and these bacteria may become the spoilage bacteria during storage,and shorten the product shelf life.

研究可食性玉米淀粉膜的成膜工艺条件和改性剂的作用，为开发多功能可食包装提供理论和技术支持。选择不同的淀粉液质量浓度、糊化温度、干燥温度和干燥时间制备玉米淀粉膜，根据成膜效果及膜的物理性能，确定玉米淀粉膜适宜的制备工艺条件。在此基础上，分别研究添加10 g/L的6种糖醇型改性剂（乙二醇、丙三醇、木糖醇、甘露糖醇、山梨醇和麦芽糖醇）以及5种聚合型改性剂（羧甲基纤维素钠、海藻酸钠、明胶、葡甘聚糖和聚氧化乙烯）对膜物理性能的影响。玉米淀粉膜适宜的制备工艺条件为：浆液淀粉质量浓度50～60 g/L，糊化温度90 ℃，膜干燥温度40～60 ℃，膜干燥时间4～6 h。木糖醇可使淀粉膜表面结构平滑，且其对膜断裂伸长率的提高效果最优；葡甘聚糖可使膜表面结构平整，颗粒细腻，热稳定性增强，抗拉强度和断裂伸长率均衡提高；海藻酸钠和羧甲基纤维素钠的作用效果与葡甘聚糖相近。利用玉米淀粉可以制备可食性淀粉膜；添加改性剂木糖醇和葡甘聚糖能够选择性地提高玉米淀粉膜的物理性能。 | This paper studied the artificial conditions of corn starch membrane conformation and the effective regulators and set up theoretical and technological basis. The properties of edible corn starch membrane conformed on factors of starch concentration, cataplasm temperature, drying temperature and time were tested to choose suitable processes. Based on the processes,6 saccharide-hydro regulators of ethylene glycol, glycerol, xylitol, mannitol, sorbitol and Maltitol, and 5 polymeric regulators of carboxymethyl cellulose Sodium, sodium alginate, gelatin, Polygluosan and Polyethylene oxide were separately added into 10 g/L to examine the membrane properties. In view of membrane conformation and its properties, suitable membrane conforming conditions are: starch concentration 50-60 g/L, cataplasm temperature 90 ℃, drying temperature 40-60 ℃, drying time 4-6 h. Saccharide-hydro xylitol adulterated membrane with smooth surface is better than other plasticizers on elongation at break. Polymeric polygluosan with smooth surface, micro grits and advanced differential scanning calorimetry graphs is superior both as intensifier and plasticizer, next is sodium alginate and carboxymethyl cellulose Sodium is inferiori. Corn starch can be used to produce edible starch membrane, and adapting regulators of xylitol and polygluosan can selectively improve membrane properties.

以3年生火炬松苗木为研究对象,在生长季节开展人工倾斜树干试验,将苗木分成5组（每组12株）,与垂直方向倾斜成不同的角度（0°,15°,30°,45°,60°）,苗木生长4个月后开始测定不同倾斜角度下火炬松应压木的解剖性质,分析不同倾斜角度下火炬松应压木解剖性质的变化规律。结果表明：1）随着倾斜角度的增加,管胞壁变厚,管胞形状变圆,胞间隙逐渐增多、增大,螺纹裂隙逐渐变宽、加深,其中30°以后应压木典型特征非常明显。2）随着倾斜角度的增加,管胞长度先减小后增大,30°达最小值;管胞宽度先减小后增大,45°达最小值;双壁厚先增大后减小,45°达最大值。方差分析表明不同倾斜角度对管胞长度、宽度及双壁厚影响均极显著。3）随着倾斜角度的增加,微纤丝角度先增大后减小,30°达最大值。方差分析表明不同倾斜角度对微纤丝角度影响显著。4）随着倾斜角度的增加,管胞比量及木射线比量呈波动变化;树脂道比量先增大后减小,30°达最大值。方差分析表明不同倾斜角度对树脂道比量影响显著,而对管胞比量及木射线比量影响不显著。5）从不同倾斜角度下各种解剖性质的变化趋势来看,30°～45°为应压木解剖性质形成的重要转折点,具体原因还需进一步研究。 | Three-year-old seedlings of loblolly pine （Pinus taeda） were selected as materials in this article. The seedlings were planted in spring and divided into five groups,then were artificially inclined at the angles of 0°,15°,30°,45°and 60° from the vertical. After four months,the anatomical properties and their variation patterns of compression wood changed with the different inclined angles were determined every three month （totally five times）. The following conclusions were drawn： 1） With the increase of the inclined angle,the wall thickness of tracheid increased and the outline of the tracheid became round,the intercellular spaces and helical ribs were obvious and increased gradually in all sections derived from the inclined seedlings. 2） With the increase of the inclined angle,the tracheid length decreased firstly and then increased,the minmum value reached at 30°,the tracheid width decreased firstly and then increased,the minmum value reached at 45°,the double wall thickness increased firstly and then decreased,the maximum value reached at 45°.The ANOVA results revealed that there was highly significant effect of inclined angle on the tracheid length,the tracheid width and the double wall thickness. 3） With the increase of inclined angle,MFA increased firstly and then decreased,the maximum value reached at 30°. The ANOVA results revealed that there was significant effect of inclined angle on MFA. 4） With the increase of inclined angle,the proportion of tracheid and ray varied fluctuately,the proportion of resin canal increased firstly and then decreased,the maximum value reached at 30°. The ANOVA results revealed the effect of inclined angle was significant on proportion of the resin canal,but not significant on the proportion of tracheid and ray. 5） From the variation patterns of the different wood anatomical properties at different angles,the leaning angle of 30°-45° was an important turning point for the formation of compression wood and the further study was needed to understand this mechanism.

麦谷蛋白对小麦加工品质具有重要决定作用。高分子量麦谷蛋白亚基（HMW-GS）与低分子量麦谷蛋白亚基（LMW-GS）通过分子间二硫键形成麦谷蛋白聚合体，影响面团流变学特性。HMW-GS组成可作为品质育种中亲本选配和杂交后代选择的重要蛋白标记。由于LMW-GS基因拷贝数较多、分子量小，且在电泳图谱上与醇溶蛋白相互重叠，其与品质的关系研究远不及HMW-GS深入。从麦谷蛋白亚基的质和量两个层次包括HMW-GS组成与品质的关系、LMW-GS组成对品质的贡献大小、HMW-GS和LMW-GS的比例对品质的影响等全面综述了麦谷蛋白亚基与品质的关系，并对麦谷蛋白亚基在品质育种中的应用前景进行探讨，为HMW-GS和LMW-GS用于小麦品质改良提供理论基础。 | The glutenin subunits play a very important role in wheat processing quality. The high molecular weight glutenin subunits (HMW-GS) and low molecular weight glutenin subunits (LMW-GS) linked by intermolecular disulfide bonds and form to a polymeric mixture that determine the rheological characteristics of dough. Up to now, the effects of HMW-GS on wheat processing quality have been well studied and the HMW-GS are widely used as a protein marker for quality screening of parents and progenies. However, less research on the relationship between LMW-GS and wheat processing quality has been carried out due to the larger number of expressed subunits and their overlapping mobility with the abundant gliadin proteins in the SDS-PAGE. In this paper, the effects of HMW-GS, LMW-GS and the ratio of HMW-GS/LMW-GS on wheat processing quality were reviewed. We also discussed about the future application of glutenin subunits in wheat quality breeding program, so as to provide a theoretical basis for using glutenin subunits in improving wheat quality.

污泥高水分含量和存在重金属已成为影响我国污泥处置与资源化的重要＂瓶颈＂。生物沥浸技术被证实是一种即可以有效去除污泥重金属,同时显著提高污泥脱水性能的生物方法。本文较系统介绍了目前我国污泥深度脱水的几种方法及生物沥浸处理技术在污泥处理上的优势,生物沥浸法促进污泥深度脱水和重金属去除的基本原理、工艺流程及影响因素。以无锡芦村污水处理厂日处理200 t污泥的生物沥浸处理―――高温发酵堆肥的实际工程为例,阐述该工艺的技术参数、污泥处理及其后续堆肥和土地利用的效果。连续2年多的生产性试验和工程实践表明,经生物沥浸处理的污泥可不加任何絮凝剂能一步机械脱水到含水率60%以下,呈土黄色无臭的半干化饼状。且污泥干基有机质、热值和氮磷养分含量几乎不变,利于后续资源化（如土地利用、焚烧等）,处理成本低廉,同时压滤水水质较好,可就近排入污水处理厂处理。因此,污泥生物沥浸技术是一项有广泛应用前景和市场需求的新技术。 | High moisture content of and the presence of toxic metals in sewage sludge restrict, to a great extend, the disposal or recycling of sludge including landfill,incineration, and land application. Bioleachiog with Acidithiobacilli species has been proved to be a technologically feasible process in removing sludge-borne toxic metal and improving sludge in-deep dewatering. This paper compared several methods for sludge in-deep dewatering and described the advantages of bioleaching technology against other physical or chemical approaches. Furthermore, the principle, technological process, and the influence factors of sludge bioleaching technology were demonstrated in details. Taking bioleaching practical engineering application project with treating sludge 200 t＂ d-1 located in Wuxi Lucun Sewage Treatment Plant, Wuxi City, Jiangsu Province as an example, bioleaching technique parameters and sludge treatment effect were reported. The results obtained from the two-year operation of the engineering project that bioleached sludge could be dewatered mechanically into semi-drying odorless khaki-colored sludge cake with the moisture of 60% or below. Mo- reover, dewatered bioleached sludge cake contained similar levels of organic matter, calorific value, N, and P to fresh sludge on dry basis, indicating that it had good physic-chemical properties for its consequent reutilization such as incineration or land application. Besides, the fihrate of bioleached sludge could be discharged into sewage treatment plant without adverse effect. It is concluded that bioleaching approach is a novel technology with an extensive application prospect.

The research of this experiment was to study the effects of CO2 enrichment on greenhouse cucumbers in terms of plant growth characters, production and internal quality of cucumber fruits, and to provide basis for the agricultural utilization of industrial waste gas. Waste gas from mini type civil boiler was purified in a self-built CO2 fertilizer generator and converted into CO2 gas fertilizer. Since 2011-03-28, the gas fertilizer was applied on greenhouse cucumbers by different concentrations（400（CK）, 900, 1 200, 1 500 μmol/mol）for 2 months. Measurements of the cucumbers were conducted in terms of plant height, stem diameter, fruit length, fruit diameter, production and fruit qualities. As the CO2 enrichment prolonged, the plant height, stem diameter, fruit length, fruit diameter of CK and all CO2 fertilized groups showed an upward trend, among which all the indicators in the 1 500 μmol/mol CO2 fertilized group were the highest. Compared with CK the total production of cucumbers in 900, 1 200, 1 500 μmol/mol CO2 fertilized groups increased by 12.1%, 15.0%, 19.7%, respectively. As the concentrations of CO2 fertilizer increased, the Vc and soluble sugar content in cucumber fruits increased as well, while the nitrate content decreased, among which the 1 500 μmol/mol CO2 fertilized group was the highest in Vc and soluble sugar content, and the lowest in nitrate content. Application of CO2 fertilizer on greenhouse cucumbers can boost their plant and fruit growth, and can enhance the fruit production as well as improve the fruit quality. As the research indicates, the best concentration for CO2 enrichment is 1 500 μmol/mol. | 研究净化后废气作为CO2气肥对温室黄瓜植株、果实的生长性状及产量、果实品质的影响，旨在为工业废气的农业资源化利用提供实验依据。自2011-03-28开始，用自制气肥发生器净化小型民用锅炉产生废气，将废气转化为不同浓度（400（CK）,900,1 200,1 500 μmol/mol）CO2气肥并通施于温室黄瓜，气肥通施持续2个月，测定不同浓度CO2气肥处理黄瓜的株高、茎粗、瓜条长度、瓜粗、产量及果实品质。随着通气时间的延长，各CO2气肥处理和CK黄瓜的株高、茎粗、瓜条长度、瓜粗均呈显著增大趋势，其中1 500 μmol/mol CO2气肥处理的各项生长指标均明显高于其他处理。与CK相比，900,1 200,1 500 μmol/mol CO2气肥处理黄瓜的总产量分别提高了12.1%，15.0%，19.7%。随着CO2气肥浓度的增加，黄瓜果实中的Vc和可溶性糖含量逐渐增大，硝酸盐含量明显降低，其中1 500 μmol/mol CO2气肥处理的Vc和可溶性糖含量最高，硝酸盐含量最低。通施CO2气肥可促进温室黄瓜植株和果实的生长，提高黄瓜果实的产量和品质。CO2气肥的最佳施用浓度为1 500 μmol/mol。

籼稻（Indica rice）组织培养过程中愈伤组织转化率较低，尤其是对优良品种成熟胚愈伤高频再生体系的建立和影响转化的主要因素还缺乏研究。在一定程度上制约着籼稻基因工程的进展。以籼稻品种重穗型恢复系蜀恢527成熟种子为材料，研究了不同温度和光照条件对其成熟胚愈伤诱导及生理状态的影响；并在分化培养基中添加不同的激素和调整激素间浓度配比从而筛选出蜀恢527最佳分化培养基。结果表明：在32℃光照条件下，蜀恢527成熟种子在N6D诱导培养基上诱导愈伤组织效果最佳，继代2次后胚性愈伤质量状态最好。以基本培养基NBS中添加0.02 mg/L NAA+2 mg/L KT+3 mg/L 6-BA+50 mg/L VC+0.5 mg/L IAA为蜀恢527成熟胚遗传转化的最佳分化培养基，分化频率较高，分化率达到36.42%。利用优化的籼稻遗传转化体系，通过根癌农杆菌介导法将水稻转录因子OsbZIP39转入籼稻基因组中，经PCR分子初步检测得到了抗性植株。 | The callus transformation rate of Indica rice in tissue culture is relatively poor. Especially, the establishment of highly efficient regeneration system of superior varieties and the factors which affect its transformation remain unknown. This situation restricts at certain extent the progress of Indica rice genetic engineering. The seeds of restorer line Shuhui527 were used in this study to investigate the effects of quality and physiological state of theirs mature embryo callus under different temperatures and light conditions. Meanwhile, transformation efficiency influenced by differentiation medium supplemented with different hormones and the ratio between hormones were further studied. The results showed that under light condition at 32℃，the mature embryo callus growth is the best, under N6D medium callus quality is the best after twice subcultures．The NBS medium adding 2.0 mg/L KT+0.02 mg/L NAA+3 mg/L 6-BA+50 mg/L VC+0.5 mg/L IAA was found most suitable for Shuhui 527 genetic transformation, and the differentiation rate reached 36.42%. Using our new system, rice transcription factor OsbZIP39 was introduced into Indica rice genome by Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. Resistant plants were obtained preliminarily by PCR analysis.