Istoria românilor, România însăşi, este o poveste ce continuă să fascineze cu trecutul său, să țină trează atenția cu prezentul și cu perspectivele viitorului. Preşedintele Academiei Române, istoricul Ioan Aurel Pop, este clujean, iar în Bucureşti locuieşte într-un apartament cochet – ce aduce aminte de perioada boierimii bune, la primul cat al Casei Oamenilor de Ştiinţă. O clădire tulburător de frumoasă, sprijinind la vest piaţa Lahovary, dar care azi are un aer uşor decrepit. La mansardă, e ca-n Nichita, când plouă e infernal. În 2001 – la 46 de ani, Ioan Aurel Pop devenea cel mai tânăr membru corespondent al Academiei Române din întreaga existenţă de 153 de ani a instituţiei, iar pe 5 aprilie 2019 urmează a sărbători un an de când conduce destinele celui mai înalt for ştiinţific şi cultural al României. Revista „Bucovina Forestieră” a beneficiat de un dialog cu preşedintele Ioan-Aurel Pop, nu doar din perspectiva împlinirii primului său an de mandat, ci mai ales din dorinţa de a afla părerea istoricului despre patimile trecute, prezente şi – probabil - viitoare ale pădurii românești.

The paper analyzes the effect of the bearing capacity of the foundation ground on the volume and cost of some dams. Using a theoretical model, were analyzed 125 dams, as resulted from the combination of five categories of useful heights, with five categories of loads in the spillway, and five foundation ground categories with known bearing capacity. In our simulation, we choosed often-used dams that have an upside-down foundation and are made of beton. When deciding the spill area, we took into account the most unfavorable load scheme and the safety factors imposed by norms and basic, plus special loads. In order to achieve an economical optimum, it is necessary to minimize the cost of each work, which, translates into a function that aims to minimize the volume of the dam, and also to minimize the area of its section. The external and internal stability conditions became mandatory criteria for the objective function. The 125 dams were dimensioned using a Microsoft Excel spreadsheet prepared accordingly, while the minimization of the section was done using the Solver tool. It has been pointed that the section area and, implicitly, the volume of a 1 m wide dam stripe increases, as the load capacity the foundation ground. These volumes increase with the useful height of the work and the task of the spillway. The obtained results show that the specific investment indicator (determined as the ratio between the cost of the proposed works and the consolidated area) is also influenced by the nature of the foundation ground, and its use for comparing projects located at different conditions, at least in the case of dams, is not recommended. | În lucrare se analizează influența capacității portante a terenului de fundare asupra volumului unor baraje. În cadrul unui model teoretic se analizează 125 de baraje rezultate prin combinarea a cinci categorii de înălțimi utile cu cinci categorii de sarcini in deversor și amplasate pe cinci categorii de terenuri de fundație la care se cunoaște capacitatea portantă S-a optat pentru barajele des utilizate în practică care au fundație evazată spre amonte și sunt executate din beton. La dimensionarea zonei deversate s-a luat în calcul schema de sarcini cea mai defavorabilă și coeficienții de siguranță impuși prin normative pentru clasa IV de importanță și sarcini de bază + speciale. Pentru realizarea unui optim economic este necesar să se minimizeze costul fiecărei lucrări ceea se transpune într-o funcție obiectiv care urmărește minimizarea volumului barajului implicit la minimizarea ariei secțiunii sale.  Condițiile de stabilitate exterioare și interioare au devenit în cadrul dimensionării criterii obligatorii la realizarea funcției obiectiv. Cele 125 baraje s-au dimensionat cu ajutorul unui tabel de calcul construit in utilitarul Microsoft Excel iar minimizarea secțiunii s-a realizat cu ajutorul instrumentului Solver  S-a demonstrat că aria secțiunii și implicit volumul unei fâșii de baraj cu lățime de 1 m crește pe măsură ce capacitatea portantă terenului de fundare. Aceste volume cresc odată cu înălţimea utilă a lucrării și sarcina deversorului. Rezultatele obținute demonstrează că indicatorul investiție specifică (determinat ca raport între costul lucrărilor propuse și lungimea consolidată)  este influențat și de natura terenului de fundare, iar utilizarea lui pentru compararea unor proiecte - amplasate în condiții diferite,  cel puțin în cazul barajelor, nu este recomandată.

The study on the craniometry of golden jackal (Canis aureus, Linnaeus 1758) is justified in the context of the latest rapid growth of this predator effectives in Romania. The growth is the effect of the return to the initial area, but the current demographic increase also leads to an expansion of the area. The study highlights the results of biometric measurements and analyzes of the variability of the craniometric characteristics of the golden jackal. The statistical investigations show a low variability of all the measured cranial features thus proving the homogeneity of the sample extracted from the population. Between most of the elements analyzed there are very significant correlations, indicating a symmetrical, well proportioned architecture of the skull. Furthermore, the comparison of the means of two sets of craniometric measurements, by sex, showed no significant statistical differences between the dimensional features of the golden jackal skulls from Southeastern Romania and those in Bulgaria. | În curând

Bucovina Forestieră journal continues to present, through the voice of some personalities who know the reality of Romania’s forests, moments of reference from their recent past, a prerequisite for working on better future of forests. Because it is part of our recent history, this issue will address the restitution subject - especially those carried out in the national forestry fund - which reality must be brought to light. The views belong to some personalities involved in the presentation of historical truth, especially in Transylvania, the place which, unfortunately, suffered the most due to restitutions process: the lawyer Ioan Sabau Pop and the historian Mihai-Dorin Drecin. Mr. Ioan Sabau Pop is Professor, Doctor in Law and Representative of Romania at the International Court of Commercial Arbitration. Mr. Mihai-Dorin Drecin is also a Professor, specialist in the modern history of Romania. Corresponding member of the Academy of Romanian Scientists, historian Mihai Drecin is like Mr. Ioan Sabău Pop, a Transylvanian personality who strives to stop the abuses and injustice caused by illegal restitutions.

All countries, including Romania, are increasingly affected by biological invasions. As a result, the need to study this phenomenon has become increasingly apparent. The aim of the present paper is to report the presence of five new forest insect species recently found in the northeastern part of Romania and data on their distribution in the region. The detection of the insect presence was done using identification sheets based on their morphological aspect and the characteristics of the attack, following a protocol that would make investigating work more efficient. Of the alien species found, five are new to the area of Moldova and are discussed in the present paper. They are: Dasineura gleditchiae (Osten Sacken, 1866), Appendiseta robiniae (Gillette, 1907), Prociphilus fraxinifolii (Riley, 1879), Corythucha arcuata (Say, 1832) and Nematus (Pteronidea) tibialis Newman, 1837. The first three are also new species for Romania’s fauna. For each species, data are presented concerning the systematic classification and the host species, where and when it was found, the type of crop and the age of the infested trees, the frequency and severity of the attack, the region from which it originated, where it was reported for the first time in Europe and in the neighboring countries of Romania, and to what extent it is a potentially harmful pest. All species presented in the work come from North America and four of them have been found on host species from their native area (black locust, honey locust and green ash), while the fifth is mainly found on native species of the genus Quercus. Except for C. arcuata, all of them have been present in Romania, including the studied region, for at least a decade or even longer, but have gone unnoticed in the absence of research like those presented in this paper. Currently they are present almost everywhere where their host species are grown. Apart from N. tibialis, the insect species reported have the potential to become important pests of their hosts. As a result, it is necessary to study their biology and ecology in the ecosystems in which they entered in Romania. | În curând

The fire risk is determined by three factors: fuel, air and ignition temperature. All these elements are predominantly encountered in the forest ecosystem. The reaction under temperature of forest species is different from one to another. In the open environment, such forest ecosystem where the oxygen concentration of the air is higher than in anthropogenic areas, air currents are determinant in the initiation and development of fires. The ambient temperature directly influences the ignition temperature and indirectly the composition of the forest stands. It is known that each combustible material is characterized by a certain flammability and ignition temperature. Or, if the ambient temperature is low, much of the thermal energy released by the ignition source is absorbed by the environment, and vice versa, at a high ambient temperature, the ignition source yields less heat. In its fight against forest fires, the forestry has no power to combat abiotic factors (air temperature and humidity) but has all the organizational measures needed to form a forest that is resistant to the harmful action of fire. | În curând

The paper presents results of a risk analysis of forest fires at county level, based on published statistical data of period 1976-2000 (”Health condition of the forests în Romania”) and different methodologies to assess the fire risk of forest stands using the Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) and a methodology integrating GIS techniques. The global fire risk model, based on the cumulated ranks on the analyzed period, indicated a very higher risk for forests in the south-west and south-east of Romania (the counties Caraș Severin, Gorj, and Tulcea, Constanța respectively), while other eight counties were included in the higher fire risk category. Among the models of fire occurrence based on SPI, the higher variance was explained by the cumulated value of SPI in winter, spring and summer (44%). The method based on ranking scores considered six main factors contributing to the occurrence of forest fires - vegetation type, distance to forest edge/roads, maximum temperature, maximum moisture, historical occurrence of forest fire, based on which is provided a 5 - class risk system. This method is extended further by using GIS tools, which could provide mapped information on the forest fire risk. | În curând

 After the proclamation of the independence of the Republic of Moldova, the national forestry fund is constantly growing. At the same time, the harvesting and collection of non-timber forest products (PFNL) was intensified by the forest enterprises under the Moldsilva Agency. Non-timber forest products collected are of plant (fruit, berries, herbs, decorative plants) and animal (fish, snails, honey, wild boar) origin. Over time, forestry sector was in a permanent institutional reforming. At present, Moldsilva agency is the administrative authority of the public administration, empowered to ensure the implementation of state policy and sustainable development in the fields of forestry and hunting. After 1990, the commercial potential of forest fruits and berries decreases, as many fruit plantations have degraded or have been transferred to other land use categories. Because of low wages and difficult manual labor, the number of employees in the forestry sector is steadily decreasing. The largest forested area is concentrated in the center of the country. In the period 2001-2009 the forested area significantly increased, especially in the south of the republic due to the implementation of some European projects. The most non-timber forest products collected are those of medicinal utilisation. Due to the dispersion of the forest fund in small forest tracts, the hunting potential is small. The number and species of animals hunted each year in the forest fund are established by Government Decision, these being the boar (Sus scrofa L.) and the pheasant (Phasianus colchicus L.). The purpose of this research is to present the evolution and the development potential of the non-timber forestry sector in the Republic of Moldova in relation to the institutional changes in the central forest authority. The study has the following objectives: describing the institutional evolution of the central forest authority; analyzing the evolution of the number of employees in the forest branch; distribution and evolution of the national forests as the ground of non wood timber products harvesting; assessing the biological and commercial potential of the sector; analyzing the dynamics of PFNL collection by forest enterprises. | În curând

TLS is also known as ground-based LiDAR which provides the capacity to recreate the 3D vegetation structure with millimeter accuracy. The distance measurement of terrestrial laser scanner Z+F Imager 5010 is based on phase shift measurements which is more accurate than time of flight TLS. The time required for a single scan varies according to the resolution needed. In forestry, TLS is used for the detailed structured modelling of plots and individual trees. Terrestrial laser scanning of trees has been seen as the best alternative to indirect and direct (destructive) measurements of volume. TLS technique provides accurate estimates the location, DBH and tree height from point cloud and besides these measurements can be determined the volume on segments, commercial volume or crown volume. The quality of these metrics depends on the original scan data and their co-registration. We have done TLS measurements in six plots from FundivEurope research project with different slopes, tree density and species composition. The measurements allow us to identify which are advantages and disadvantages of using TLS in forest inventory, but in particular this study draws the attention to the precautions required for an accurate TLS use in biomass estimation. | În curând

Romania has made commitments to reduce anthropogenic greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, which also refers to land use, including forestland. Essentially, the commitments refer to the fact that the land use sector is not a net emissions source in the 2013-2020 commitment period associated with the Kyoto Protocol and between 2021-2030 associated with the Paris Agreement and implemented by EU legislation. Forest management (which also integrates the use of harvested wood products), deforestation, afforestation and revegetation are the most significant contributors to this sector. The annual amount of CO2 absorbed by the forestland,is estimated at about 20-22 million tons, both from Romania’s official reporting based on data of the Forest Fund Inventory form 1984 rolled over more than three decades, and the simulation based on preliminary results from the first cycle of the National Forestry Inventory, with 2010 as the reference year. Although numerically similar, they are structurally heterogeneous, coming from very different values of the parameters used, especially annual net growth and harvest volume. For responsible authorities, this creates a major uncertainty both in meeting current reporting obligations and design of GHG reduction effort. According to current estimates, accounting for forest management suggests a net quantity of emission reductions of approx. 9 million tCO2/year for the period 2013-2020 (possible “windfall” credits in the absence of documented mitigation measures) and a net emission of approx. 0.1 million tCO2/year for the period 2021-2030. Another source of uncertainty is GHG emission from deforestation (e.g., anthropogenic conversion from forest to other land use) that have taken place since 1990, possibly artifact caused by missing a robust method of estimating of the deforested areas as required by reporting rules. The afforestation amounts to only 0.19 million tCO2 in 2017, but the flexibility quota provided for in the new regulations (EU) 841/2018 and (EU) 842/2018 would allow an increase corresponding to an annual afforestation rate up to 12 times the,average area achieved over the last 20 years. Revegetation (i.e. creation of forest protection belts) was a source of GHG emissions in the first commitment period under the Kyoto Protocol because of the low rate of establishment of new forest belts. Legislative support contains multiple incentives for GHG emission reductions for sectoral activities. Specifically, commitments also include agricultural land use, so it remains up to the national authorities responsible to find integrated, cross-sectoral implementation solutions, as well as identifying opportunities specific to forestry sector. | În curând