This book is the first step in the process of creating an index to help monitor the conservation and use of agrobiodiversity across different dimensions. There is a need to measure and understand biodiversity in rapid, cost-efficient ways, to connect also with policy decisions by countries and companies on best practices to foster diversity. There is a huge, and growing, number of existing datasets related to agricultural biodiversity, collected at different scales across different dimensions. This book summarizes evidence on the contribution of agricultural biodiversity to four interconnected dimensions: - Diverse, healthy diets - Multiple benefits in sustainable farming systems - Seed systems delivering crop diversity for sustainable food systems - Conserving agricultural biodiversity for use in sustainable food systems.