Due to the natural, ecological, anthropogenic, infrastructure urbanization and mineral extraction processing, etc. effects, there was a change in the phytocenosis, or the vegetation, related to the composition of the biocenosis in the territory of the republic. Vegetation mapping is required to prevent such negative processes. From this point of view, drawing up a map of vegetation on geobotanical contours at the level of type and formation classes is an actual problem in modern times. Therefore, the preparation of the relevant map in an electronic version was set as a goal. Thus with the application of the Geographical Information System ArcGıs) and the “ Electron Land Cadastre Registration Information System (ELCRİS) as well as with reference to the aerospace sounding method and investigations conducted, a map was developed based on the classification of vegetation. Referring to our research, “Vegetation map of Azerbaijan” was compiled on a scale of 1:600000.

Today, the most urgent problem for breeders is the creation of high-quality wheat varieties. Recently, the grain quality of soft wheat, especially the quality of gluten, has become low, despite its high content. It is known that, in the formation of grain quality, the contribution of the genotype is undeniable, from this point of view, the study of samples of competitive variety testing makes it possible to establish the direction of selection. The role of various traits in realizing the potential of a variety is different in a particular agro-ecological region, therefore, the purpose of this study was to study the dependence of grain quality on the genotype and growing conditions. The object was 99 samples, the studies were carried out in 2021-2022. Grain quality was assessed in the laboratory “Grain Quality”, according to the following indicators: the mass fraction of crude gluten, the quality of gluten, i.e., GDİ (gluten deformation index), sedimentation and protein content. The study of the quality of grain obtained from the control nursery of variety testing for the selection of soft wheat grown in the same conditions of irrigated soil of the Terter RES (regional experimental station) showed that the year of the study of the growing season significantly affects the formation of the quality of soft wheat grain. In this study, the protein content indicator turned out to be the most dependent on weather conditions. Along with this, the features of the genotype also have an impact on the formation of the quality of the crop. Consequently, climatic conditions have a significant influence, but at the same time, the properties of the genotype are undeniable.

The article deals with the topic of species diagnosis in the genus Di- phasiastrum. At the moment, all the methods available to researchers require the removal of whole plant samples or parts of plants from populations. In this paper we propose a new express method for obtaining morphometric data of species of the genus Diphasiastrum without plant damage and give its hardware implemen- tation. The method allows the identification of species directly in the field. Field and desktop testing of the proposed method was carried out. The low variance of repeated measurements of species-specific traits suggests that the method is suitable. Three new locations of Diphasiastrum in the Moscow region have been discovered and described. The plants were described according to a set of diag- nostically relevant qualitative and quantitative indicators and identified as D. complanatum (L.) Holub subsp. complanatum. For each finding, a standard de- scription of the biotope is given and a conclusion is made as to the degree to which the location is potentially suitable for the long-term existence of the species population. We consider the proposed method to be potentially suitable for many members of the Lycopodiaceae family. The relative rarity of many of these plants in nature makes the appearance of the method timely.

The climate of the area is dry subtropical, the natural vegetation is drought-resistant, heat-resistant and less demanding on soil.In accordance with these climatic conditions, plants have acquired a number of adaptations.Usually, xerophytic plants predominate, and in these soils, drought plant species with a strong root system, thorny, resistant to harsh winds, adapted to saline soils and sunny weather, are better developed. Mainly annual, perennial herba-ceous plants and shrubs are found. They have a number of adaptations against water loss (their leaves are hairy or limp, etc.) there is. Among annual grasses, ephemeroids predominate, and in perennials-ephemeroids. In modern times, in the territory of Azerbaijan, vegetation is subject to decline or degradation in man-made disturbed, including oil-polluted lands. So, here it is required to prevent anthropogenic and man-made effects, as well as based on the classification of phytoce-noses for the purpose of biological recultivation. We conducted phytoecological studies and identified 16 formation classes, 19 formation groups, and 26 associations in 5 vegetation types. Based on our analysis of the phytoecological descriptions recorded during field studies, we classified the selected oil-contaminated vegetation on the country’s territory according to the “objects of the study.” In 9 exemplary objects, we found the same number of formation groups related to the types of halophyte deserts, psammophyte deserts, semi-deserts, thickets, and wetlands in the vegetation classification. So, the appropriate classification was given by us for the first time.

The aim of this study was to determine the effect of nanoparticles on the aging of cotton leaves by measuring the content of chlorophyll. Until now, the mechanism of chlorophyll degradation and the factors influencing this process have not been fully studied. In the presented research, the effect of nanoparticles on the degradation of chlorophyll and carotenoids, photosynthetic rate, Fv/Fm ratio and production of oxidants, ie. H2O2 and superoxide radical (O2-), lipoxygenase enzyme activity (LOX), and antioxidant enzymes SOD and CAT activity in 14-day-old cotton seedlings under dark conditions was investigated. Metal-based nanoparticles (ZnO, CuO, Fe2O3,TiO2) were used in the experiments. Cotton was grown in a controlled environment plant growth chamber. First, the compounds of chlorophyll and carotenoids were measured in the leaves of the third tiers of 14-day-old cotton seedlings, and then the seedlings were kept in the dark. The kinetics of the process depends on the composition and size of the nanoparticles. Nanoparticles do not significantly affect the increase of H2O2, superoxide anion during chlorophyll degradation, but ZnO nanoparticles do. Lipoxygenase, SOD and CAT enzymes activity in this process of nanoparticles is not seriously affected.

At present, there are 460 wild-growing and cultivated leguminous species belonging to 70 genera in Azerbaijan. The taxonomic composition of the Fabaceae family includes 3 subfamilies: Caesalpinioideae, Mimosoideae, Faboideae. The article provides information about the genera and species belonging to the subfamily Caesalpinioideae, their distribution, morphological, bioecological, useful properties and effective use. Based on research and literature review, it was revealed that taxonomic changes and additions occurred in the subfamily Caesalpinioideae. The subfamily Caesalpinioideae includes 8 genera and 13 species. This includes genera: Gleditsia L., Cercis L., Gymnocladus Lam., Parkinsonia Plum. ex L., Ceratonia L., Senna L., Erythrostemon Klotzsch и Biancaea Tod. The genus Erythrostemon Klotzsch and the species Erythrostemon gillesii (Hook.) Klotzsch (Caesalpinia gillesii L.) are included in the flora of Nakhchivan MR for the first time. All studied 13 species belonging to 8 genera are useful plants. It is proposed and recommended to increase, continuously and effectively use their decorative, landscaping, decorative-garden, medicinal, coloring, superfood, fruit-bearing, nutritious, technical properties.

The main goal of this research was to investigate the changes in the biological indicators, antioxidant and pro-antioxydant enzyme systems of 10-day-old soybean sprouts under stress conditions created by the equimolar concentration of NaHCO3 + Na2 CO3 salts. The results of the experiments revealed that the created stress has a serious negative effect on the development of the root and leaf systems of seedlings, including the amount of chlorophyll in the leaves. This effect begins to manifest itself at the weakest applied concentration and becomes stronger as the concentration of salts increases. At 150 mM concentration, the mass of the root system decreases by 3.5 times, and that of the leaves by about 2 times, compared to the control. A similar result is also observed in the dry weight of the root and leaf system of seedlings. The low concentration of salts (50 mM) induced the activity of antioxidant enzymes in the tissues of the root system of seedlings, while in the leaves it had a weak inhibitory effect on the activity of SOD and GR enzymes, and a stimulating effect on the activity of APX and CAT enzymes. Due to salt increase in the habitat, SOD and GP were weakened in both tissue cells, while in APX and CAT enzymes, this situation was observed only at the highest concentration of salt solution.

The article provides information on the discovery of new spreading ar- eas in the Botanical-geographical regions of Absheron and Gobustan, as well as phytocenoses formed in the middle part of the Caspian coast. In this regard, the “map on the new distribution area of plant species in the botanical-geographical regions of the Caspian coast” of those species registered in the vegetation cover of the territory was com-piled for the first time on the scale of 1:600000, as well as “map of the middle part of the Caspian coast” 1:5000. Ecological-geobotanic studies and systematic taxon studies were carried out in the middle part of the Caspian coast. During ecologicalgeobotanic researches in the central part of the Caspian coast in Ab-sheron and Gobustan botanical-geographical regions new distribution areas of the following species have been identified: Suaeda forrsk be- longing to the family. Chenopodiaceae Vent ex. Suaeda heterophylla Kar.et Kir belonging to Scop genus, Atriplex turcmenica (Moq.) Boiss belonging to Atriplex L., Salsola nitraria Pall., in the genus Salsola L., Erysimum caspicum N. Busch be- longing to Brassicaceae Burnett. Family, Erysimum L. genus, Astragantha falca- tus Lam. belonging to Fabaceae Lindl. Family, Astracantha Podlech.genus and Scrophularia divaricata Lebed belonging to Scrophulariacae Juss. Family and Scrophularia genus.

The present paper is devoted to species composition, taxonomic status, distribution, and monitoring opportunities of lichens and mosses in the Bozdag mountain range. In general, 29 lichen species belonging to 22 genera, 17 families and 30 moss species belonging to 21 genera, 12 families were detected in Boz- dag. Lecania triseptata, Lecanora gllabrat species of lichens and Leskea polycar- pa, Leucodon immerses species of mosses have been recommended for biomoni- toring.Lichens and mosses of different origins of the Bozdag mountain range entered the study area at different times. It is known that the Poltava-type tropical flora dominated during the Oligocene. This tropical flora had a Poltavian tropical char- acter of the Caucasian flora in the early Neogene. In the early Oligocene and Ne- ogene, Lecidea, Lecanora, Caloplaca were widespread in the Caucasus. Shrubby epiphyte and epigey lichens are tolerant to atmospheric pollutants. Indi- cator species for use in the biomonitoring system have been identified. Lichen species such as Lecania triseptata, Lecanora gllabrat and moss species, such as Leskea polycarpa, Leucodon immerses are recommended for use in biomonitor- ing.

The forests of the Caucasus are one of the most important regions of the taxonomic diversity of ferns. Here are 70 species and 29 genera, or 64% of genera and 44% of species of ferns of Eastern Europe as given by Cherepanov, with exception of hybrid and adventive ferns. Critical revision of the forest ferns of the Caucasus made possible to identify two new genera in the flora of the region (Cyrtomium, Onoclea). In general, as a result of taxonomic revision of the number of fern families of the Caucasus increased from 4 to 20, and the number of genera - from 23 to 31. New for the flora of Eastern European were 20 species and hybrids of the species range, 5 subspecies: Pteris vittata, Ad- iantum cuneatum, Cyrtomium falcatum, Dryopteris remota, D.caucasica, D.atrata, D.ambroseae and others. For the first time in the Caucasus were found Botrychium virginianum, Onocle sensibilis, Cystopteris dickieana and Dryopteris expansa. The most favorable for the development and dispersal of ferns in the Caucasus were forest areas with moderately warm and humid climate. At the same time, along with the humidity, the most important factors that influence the spread of ferns were the degree of rocky and stony habitats and the nature of slope exposures.