Abstract. The article characterizes the psammophyte-littoral species Cakile euxina Pobed, which has recently appeared in Azerbaijan. Data are given on the distribution of the species along the coastal strip, vegetation, and plant communities with the participation of the species are described.The main concentration of the species is observed in the northern, bordering Russia (Dagestan)part of the coastal strip. It has been established that Argusiya sibirica + Convolvolis persica is a characteristic community for Сakile euxina in all parts of the Caspian Sea since both species areecologically confined to the same sandy habitats as the object of our study. In addition to participationin this main community, Сakile euxina in the northern part is found in the communities of Artemisiaannua + Сonvolvulus persica, Melilotus oficinalis + Artemisia annua, Xanthium strumarium +Сakile euxina, Salicorniaeuropea + Suaeda confusa, Salsola tragus + Convolvolis persica, Artemisiaarenaria + Herbosa, in central Astragalus ign arius + Calligonum bakuense, Juncus acutus + Elaegnus angustifoliа, Salicornia europea + Suaeda confusa, and in the south - mainly in the above-mentioned community and in various forb groups. It has been established that C. euxina actively participates in annual saltwort communities dominated by Suaeda confuza Iljin, common in areas with wet sandsand sandstones, typical for the northern and central parts of the coast. For C. euxina, the optimalsoil moisture conditions were found, which are in the range of 45-75%. Monitoring observationshave shown that at present the plant is under the strongest influence of human economic activity.The organization of numerous beach areas, cafes, hotels and other residential complexes limit the range of the species in the coastal strip of the republic.

Absract. The effect of sodium chloride on the physiological and biochemical parameters of wheat and maize genotypes, the identification of salinity-resistant varieties was studied. The objects ofthe study were parental and hybrid wheat forms grown under normal and salinity (0,98 % NaCl) conditions. To create new salt-tolerant varieties of wheat and maize, a comparative analysis ofthe physiological parameters of the parental and hybrid plants was carried out. Physiologicalparameters such as chlorophyll content, relative water content, and PSII activity have been studiedin parental forms and hybrids. When studying salt-tolerance of hybrids and parental forms,differences were detected in the relative amounts of chlorophyll (a+b), carotenoids, RWC, as wellas the photochemical activity of chloroplasts. The effect of salt on the amount of chlorophyll a,chlorophyll b, and carotenoids, which are the main physiological indicators, is manifested indifferent ways in both hybrids and parental forms. Negative effects of salt stress were observed in the content of photosynthetic pigments, photochemical activity of PS II and RWC in parental and hybrid forms. The content of chl a, chl b, the activity of PSII, RWC and grain yield were higher in theparental forms, Garabagh, Gobustan, Barakatli-95, and in the hybrids, ♀Garabagh×♂Gobustan,♀Barakatli-95×♂Gobustan, ♀Gobustan×♂Gyrmyzygul-1 and ♀Garabagh×♂Mirbashir-128. Due tothese advantages, using these varieties for future research The object of research was also thegenotypes of maize Zagatala-420, Zagatala-514, Zagatala-68, Gurur and first generation F1 hybrid Zagatal-68×Gurur. Plant seeds germinated under laboratory conditions in Petri dishes and pots withsoil using 150 mmol of sodium chloride solution.At concentrations of NaCl solutions of 150 and 200 mmol decreased seed germination, pigmentscontent, and photosystem II activity in seedlings of maize genotypes. Varieties Gurur and Zagatala-68and hybrid Gurur×Zagatala-68 were resistant to 200 mmol salt concentration.

Abstact. The present study analyses chlorophyll biosynthesis in leaves of young wheat seedlings and the effect of zinc oxide (ZnO) and iron oxide (Fe3O4) nanoparticles on the pigment compositionin different light spectra (white, red, and blue). Wheat seeds were first kept in a suspension solutionof iron and zinc oxide nanoparticles for 24 hours and planted in pots. The amount of Chla in theleaves of seedlings treated with ZnO nanoparticles is higher than that of the control variant in alllight spectrums. This result indicates that ZnO nanoparticles stimulate the synthesis of Chla. This stimulation is more effective in blue light. Fe3O4 nanoparticles are effective only in red light. ZnO nanoparticles stimulate the synthesis of Chlb better only in blue light. ZnO nanoparticles have littleeffect on the synthesis of carotenoids in red light, and their effect does not differ much in white and blue light. The effect of Fe3O4 nanoparticles on the synthesis of Chlb is more effective only in bluelight. The effect of Fe3O4 nanoparticles on the synthesis of carotenoids does not depend on the spectral content of light.

Abstract. The article provides a systematic analysis of the species of the genus Senecio L., belonging to the Asteraceae family, distributed in Azerbaijan. As a result of the analysis of literature data, internetresources, materials in Herbarium Fund, as well as herbarium material collected by the authorsduring the expeditions organized in recent years as well as monitoring data, it was determined thatthere are 21 species of this genus belonging to 8 sections in the wild flora of Azerbaijan (“18 speciesbelonging to the genus are given in “Flora of Azerbaijan”). The authors consider it appropriate tokeep the genus into a wide extent as accepted by classical and modern botanists (currently, someEuropean botanists divide this genus into 5-7 independent genera, and most of them are accepted inthe World Flora Online database). The article clarifies the controversial points in the distribution ofseveral species (S.cladobotrys, S.thyrsophorus, S.pojarkoviae, S. paucilobus, S.noeanus, S. kubensis,S. racemosus) of the genus. The endemism of the species of the genus was also analyzed and it became clear that 17 of the 21 species of the Senecio genus distributed in Azerbaijan are of Caucasian origin (endemic and subendemic species), this indicates that the Caucasus, including Azerbaijan, isone of the main species formation centers of the genus. The article provides information on thedetailed nomenclature of each species, their types, distribution in Azerbaijan and the world, andenvironmental characteristics.

Abstract. To produce national brands from local grape varieties that meet the modern requirements and interests of producers, it is necessary to organize rapid propagation and planting of local and introduced grape varieties by selecting rootstocks using biotechnological methods. Therapid development of viticulture, and the successful implementation of economic, agrotechnical,agrochemical, protective, and other measures largely depend on the correct choice of grapevarieties when planting vineyards. To develop competitive viticulture, obtain environmentallyfriendly products, and solve the problem of environmental cleanliness of vineyards, winegrowingscientists are doing a lot of work to create high-yielding and high-quality grape varieties. To developviticulture, as a rule, when planting vineyards, seedlings of zoned and promising valuable grapevarieties are used. In addition to rooted seedlings, it is advisable to use grafted planting material inphylloxera-infected areas.

ABSTRACT. The activity of peroxidase (EC 1.11.1.21) and superoxide dismutase (EC 1.15.1.1) was studied in barley and bean seedlings with contrasting salt tolerance grown under extreme salinity conditions. According to our results, the change of peroxidase activity is adequate as the concentration of isolation sodium salts increases in the above-ground parts of barley and bean seedlings grown in water culture. It was found that the activity of SOD in the root system of both barley and bean seedlings was lower than in the shoot part. The activity of SOD in the root system of 7-day-old barley seedlings cultivated in water culture increased with the increasing concentration of chloride and sulfate salts (25-50mM). The subsequent increase in the concentration (75-100mM) resulted in reduced enzyme activity although exceeding the activity in control plants. The enzyme activity in barley seedlings grown in soil culture was weakened by the influence of salts. It should noted that the linear nature of the increase in SOD activity in the root system of bean seedlings cultivated in water culture when the concentration of salts increases indicates a decrease in the amount of substrate in the root system. The study of enzyme activity in the root and shoot parts of barley and bean seedlings with contrasting salt tolerance grown in soil and water culture under extreme salinity, which allows determining the adequate or specific nature of peroxidase and superoxide dismutase reactions.

ABSTRACT. This work describes the taxonomic contributions of species belonging to the genus Pyrus L. in the northeastern part of the Greater Caucasus region of Azerbaijan. The study includes morphological descriptions, and taxonomic characteristics of five Pyrus species researched in the Guba and Khizi regions. These species are taxonomically recognized as a cohesive group and were examined in their natural habitats. Previous studies indicate that these species can produce viable crops in both natural and cultural environments, highlighting their adaptability. Certain morphological differences among the species align with expected biological variability. This research contributes to the understanding of Pyrus taxonomy and morphology in this unique ecological area, offering valuable insights for conservation and sustainable management of local biodiversity. Certain morphological differences among the species align with expected biological variability. This research contributes to the understanding of Pyrus taxonomy and morphology in this unique ecological area, offering valuable insights for conservation and sustainable management of local biodiversity.

ABSTRACT. Researches were conducted with wheat (Tríticum durum), barley (Hordeum vulgare) and corn (Zea mays indentata) plants irradiated with gamma radiation at different doses. In the studies conducted by Electron Paramagnetic Resonance spectroscopy (EPR) method, some biophysical parameters were studied in control and ten-day-old sprouts of wheat and corn seeds irradiated with different doses of ionizing gamma radiation, and a detailed explanation of the obtained regularities was given. At the same time, cytogenetic analyzes were carried out with seedlings of wheat (Tríticum durum), barley (Hordeum vulgare) and corn (Zea mays indentata) plants irradiated with different doses of ionizing gamma radiation, and chromosomal aberration was determined. The regularity observed in the results obtained during the experiments was explained by the working mechanismof the photorespiration process in plants belonging to the C3 type of photosynthesis. Germination dynamics were determined in the studied plants. Prepared samples were studied on a ZEISS Axio Imagez A2 electron microscope. Compared with control samples, the effect of different doses of ionizing gamma radiation on the mitosis process in plant roots was studied.

ABSTRACT. Through long-term research in the Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic and literary sources, we studied the species composition of the gasteromycetes group and determined their distribution zones. We found that 21 species from 14 genera of the gasteromycetes group are present in the region. Among these, 6 species are newly recognized as part of Azerbaijan’s mycobiota and 15 species are specific to the Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic.As a result of research conducted in 2022, a new monotypic genus and species were identified for the mycobiota of Azerbaijan – Myriostoma coliforme (Pers.) Corda. The article provides information on the range, ecological and trophic characteristics and the description of Myriostoma coliforme (Pers.) Corda.

Abstract. The ontogenetic and bioecological evaluation of senescent populations of rare and endangered plant species in the Republic is of significant importance for the conservation of wild flora. This article is dedicated to an in-depth examination of the bioecology of Juniperus foetidissima Willd. This particular species is noteworthy, as it has been included in the Red Book of Azerbaijan due to its threatened status. The study encompasses various aspects of the species’ life cycle, habitat requirements, reproductive patterns, and interactions with the surrounding ecosystem. By understanding these factors, we aim to promote effective conservation strategies and raise awareness about the importance of protecting this rare species in its native environment. Additionally, this research could provide insights that are applicable to other endangered species within the region, ensuring a broader impact on biodiversity conservation efforts. The Juniperus foetidissima Willd. is an important part of the arid sparseforests in Azerbaijan, characterized by their unique dual nature. Some groups of plants in these forests rely on the essential qualities of the tree layer, while others form independent associations.