The species structure and symptoms of fungal diseases on mountain ash and black chokeberry were studied. Phyllosticta leaf spot (causal agent – Phyllosticta sorbi), rust (Gymnosporangium juniperi) and brown rot (causal agent – Monilia aucuparia) were widespread on mountain ash, meanwhile black chokeberry was attacked by Phyllosticta leaf spot. 14 introduced varieties of mountain ash and 2 varieties of black chokeberry were estimated on the level of resistance to fungal diseases. One variety less susceptible to Phyllosticta leaf spot, 5 varieties relatively resistant to rust, 4 less susceptible to brown rot were selected among mountain ash varieties. One black chokeberry variety less susceptible to Phyllosticta leaf spot was selected. In 2004 the moderate development of Phyllosticta leaf spot has been pointed out up to 50 %, whereas in 2005 it was characterized by ephitotic development of illness (100%). Almost all studied varieties except Red Tip have shown a high degree of a susceptibility to an causal agent. Brown rot (causal agent – Monilia aucuparia). Years of research were characterized by the moderate development of disease. Immune and comparative stable varieties to diseases it is not revealed. In a weak degree fruits at varieties Dubolostnaya, Granatnaya, Koncentra, Coral Beauty have been affected. In average degree there were varieties Alaya krupnaya, Burka, Nevezhinskaya krasnaya, Rozina, Rubinovaya, Pink and Red Tip. Maravskaya variety was related to the group of hard affected varieties

The plum varieties Edinburgskaya, Mirnaya, Dalikatnaya, Kroman, Narach, Venera, Charadziejka of the Belarasian and Russian selection on the cherryplum rootstock at the experimental orchard planted in 1998 (scheme of planting 5 x 3 m) were studied. It was established that during the period of full fruiting the studied varieties had quite sharp distinctions in crown shape despite annual training and pruning but their parameters did not exceed the parameters of orbicular shape. Studying of arrangement of floral and shoot buds on annual shoots of different diameter and located in various parts of a crone of a tree has shown that more quantity of floral buds is laid on the shoots of continuation of higher orders of branching located more horizontally and having average diameter. The structure of crown had 4 distinct orders of branching. The vigorous variety Dalikatnaya has formed branches of the 5th order up to 8%. The majority of branches of the weak-grown variety Charadziejka had the 2nd order of branching whereas the number of the 4th order branches has made 2% only. Most of bouquet branches of all varieties were 3-4 years old. Bouquet branches of winter-hardy varieties Dalikatnaya, Mirnaya, Narach older than 4 years amounted to 40%. One-year-old sprouts had a certain fruit load and more flower buds are formed in the central part on sprouts of more higher branches orders and are placed more horizontally

Methods for sea-buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L.) are submitted. The sea-buckthorn gets wide application to gardening of many countries in the world. Reproduction and efficiency of sea-buckthorn plantations as well as other plants are determined by a significant amount of quality planting stock. Distribution of this plant is impossible without the development of industrial methods for stock production. The sea-buckthorn is propagated by seeds, grafting, root suckers, air layers, hardwood and softwood cuttings, as well as by the micropropagation. The softwood and hardwood cuttings are used for propagation at industrial scale. At seed propagation the important high-quality signs are not kept, therefore for production of a landing material for a seting of commodity plants this way of propagation is not used. The way is used in selection and for reception of a landing material for creation of protective strips. Propagation of sea-buckthorn berries by an inoculation and air cuttings as industrial ways is inexpedient from the economic point of view (high expenses for cultivation of stocks, removal of low-vareties root young growth, labour input). Research on development of duplication of sea-buckthorn berries vertical cuttings and cultivation of a landing material with the closed root system are necessary. It is necessary to apply propagation to industrial cultivation of sea-buckthorn hardwood berries or green slips which provides reception genetically homogeneous seedlings, keeping a high-quality accessory and to the economic valuable signs are not differ from parent plants. Within the limits of research on perfection of technology of propagation by green and hardwood slips it is necessary to specify: - terms of preparation hardwood slips; ways of soil mulching in nursery; length of green and hardwood slips; new kinds of mineral fertilizers, including for not root entering. It is necessary to define the most economically effective way of industrial propaation of sea-buckthorn berries in view of specificity sortment and soil-climatic conditions of Belarus

The results of trial on rooting soft cuttings of fruit crops are presented. Soft cuttings were put into the substrates Florabel-5, Florabel-5 + perlit (1:1), and BIONA-112 at a glasshouse with fog-making installation. It was established that the duration of rooting period of the rootstocks 106-13, VA-29, OD-2-3 and OVP-2 decreased by 10 days on average while applying the substrate BIONA-112 for all forms. OD-2-3 was characterized by active rooting and intense development of root system on all substrates.

The research results of the study on leaf spots resistance of black currants varieties of the Belarusian and foreign selection are presented. Development of anthracnose and septoria leaf spot in the years with different character of disease performance was analysed. Varieties Veloj and Pamyat Vavilova are differed by the complex stability to anthracnose and septoria. Gulliver, Nara, Klavdia varieties have shown the relative stability to diseases. In conditions of Belarus anthracnose becomes annually in the third decade of June, affecting leaves mainly. Affected leaves, since the bottom circle, dry up and prematurely fall down. Under adverse conditions there is a fast increase of the infection and bushes lose 50 % of leaves especially at strong-affecting varieties by the second decade of July. Years of researches were characterized by different intensity of anthracnose development. First of all it has been connected with weather conditions defining occurrence, distribution and development of illnesses. Black currants varieties are distributed on groups of stability on the basis of the received data on a degree of anthracnose development in the years of epiphytoty. In 2001-2002 development of illness was depressive, in 2005 - moderate and in 2003-2004 epiphytotic. Distinctions on stability were especially strongly showed in the years of epiphytotic development of illness. Plants affected by anthracnose varied from 0 up to 100,0 %

Obtaining sterile plant material plays an important role in initiation of red raspberry in vitro culture. 0,1% mercuric chloride solution, 0,1% silver nitrate solution and 6% hydrogen peroxide solution were tested as sterilizing agents. The following sterilization scheme was optimum: washing in running water during 1 hour, treatment by 70% ethanol during 5 sec., then by 0,1% solution of mercuric chloride during 3 minutes, and afterwards by three-time washing with sterile water (three times by 5 minutes), that provided maximal output of regenerants with low level of infection

Two varieties and 9 hybrids of black chokeberry have been studied for 2001-2005. The study was connected with phenology, number of berries in raceme, fruit size, crop yield, and biochemical compound of fruit. All the studying hybrids showed potential in the fruit weight, productivity, winter hardiness, large-sized, biochemical compound of fruit in the conditions of Belarus. Hybrids A-110, A-48, A-100 were marked. Among varieties with high yielding and raceme filling by berries variety Venisa has been marked. On average for research years on crop yielding the following hybrids were distinguished: A-48 (3,2 kg/bush), A-12 (2,4 kg/bush), A-18 (2,1 kg/bush). The average mass of 100 berries was higher than at hybrids A-46 (107,2 g), A-48 (103,6 g), a-12 (103,2 g), and raceme filling by berries – A-48 (13 units), A-100 (13 units ), A-46 (12 units), A-18 (12 units), A-12 (12 units). On the average for the research years the soluble dry matters content at varieties has been 14,21-14,97%. The same index at hybrids has been much more – 15,05 – 16,15%. In accordance with this index the hybrids A-110 (16,15%), A-100 (16,09%), A-48 (16,08%) were pointed out. Acid accumulation has been occurred within 1,03 up to 1,17%. Significant distinctions between varieties and hybrids were not found

The research results of study on 15 strawberry hybrid families obtained from different varieties of Belarusian and foreign selection are given. The research was carried out at the experimental plantations. Hybrid plants were evaluated on crop yields, winter hardiness, berry average weight, berry biochemical content and affecting by major diseases. 10 promising hybrids were selected according to the complex of indices. As the result of complex hybrid fund evaluation there were marked the promising hybrids: 2-2-5, 2-11-2, 2-9-16, 2-15-8. They were characterized as high winterhardy, high yielding, stable to septoria, and commodity berry quality. Hybrids 2-12-8 (120 c/ha), 2-9-16 (110 c/ha), 2-15-8 and 2-14-7 (100 c/ha) have been related to the high yielding group (over 100 c/ha). Hybrids 2-14-2, 2-14-7, 2-12-5 have been related to the yielding group (70 - 100 c/ha). Obtaining the large fruit forms of strawberry is a difficult problem of its selection. It is established that use varieties Krasnyj bereg, Rubinovyj kulon, Venta, Red Gontlit in selection allows to get the hybrid posterity with average berries mass 10-12 g. From all the studied seedlings only five of them were evaluated as promising by above mentioned indication: (2-12-8, 2-9-16, 2-11-2, 2-15-8, 2-12-6)

Results of the primary study on 8 promising gooseberry varieties are presented. The study was carried out in 2001-2005 and concerns major economic characteristics: thornness, winter hardiness, phenology, mildew resistance, crop yield, large fruitness, biochemical composition. Significant distinctions between varieties on the basis of the main economic-biological indications are revealed. For the further selection varieites with the following indications are marked: weak thornness - Afrikanets and Severnyj kapitan, early term of maturing – Neslukhovskij, late term of maturing – Karpaty, Olavi, Slava lepai, resistance to spherotec - Severnyj kapitan, Karpaty, Afrikanets, potencial productivity – Neslukhovskij, Severnyj kapitan, Hinnonmaen keltainen, Olavi, large fruitness – Neslukhovskij, Malakhit, Karpaty, high sugars content - Neslukhovskij, Karpaty, high content of pectines and phenol compounds - Severnyj kapitan, Afrikanets. According to average-long-term data varieties Masheka, Kurshu dzintars, and Afrikanets were characterized as varieties with high dry matter content. The varieties with maximum appearance of the above traits were selected for further breeding. As the result of the research a new introduced gooseberry variety Severnyj kapitan was passed to the system of State variety trials of Belarus. The variety is winter hardy, with few thorns on sprouts, resistant to spherotec, high yield efficiency, medium berry size, high contents of pectines (0,85%) and phenol compounds (306,77 mg/100 g)

The data on growth and productivity indices of Antey and Tellisaare the apple tree varieties on 62-396 and 54-118 rootstocks were collected in 2001-2005. In row spacing varied from 1.5 to 3.0 m, planting density was 833-1666 trees/ha. The decrease in trunk cross-sectional area and crown volume occurred when in-row spacing diminished. High cumulative yield effectiveness (kg per tree) for five years was obtained for Antey and Tellisaare varieties on 62-396 and 54-118 rootstocks with in-row spacing 2.5-3.5 m, which accounted for 200.5-229.8 kg/tree and 66.9-97.7 kg/tree, correspondingly. With the increase in planting density the tree productivity decreased by 1.3-1.1 correspondingly. The highest crop yield per ha in growth of 12-16 years after planting has decreased at all the sort-rootstock combinations under planting scheme 4 x 1,5 m. The comparative evaluation of studying varieties during period 2001-2005 has indicated that on power of trees growth the greater height of a crown (0 3,6-4,0 m) has been noted at a Tellisaare variety on rootstocks 62-396 and 54-118. The lesser height of a crown (3,0-3,4 m) was at a Antey variety under the same rootstocks. The crown height of Antey tree variety was less on 15% than at Tellisaare variety