The preliminary results of collection study of strawberry varieties were presented. The investigations were carried out in 2006-2007 in the Institute for Fruit Growing. There were selected winter hardy varieties, varieties of various time of ripening, ones of high yield, with large fruits, resistant to fungal diseases, having a complex of valuable economic and biological characters. Such varieties as Vityaz, Kokinskaya Zarya, Festivalnaya Romashka and Karmen have shown high winter hardiness in Belarusian conditions. Average yield in a two-year period was the highest in the varieties Vityaz, Karmen, Kapella, Kokinskaya Zarya and Vega. Varieties Kokinskaya Pozdnyaya, Festivalnaya Romashka, Kapella, Karmen, Luna and Vima Tarda had very large berries. The varieties Dukat, Kokinskaya Zarya and Kokinskaya Pozdnyaya were selected on a complex resistance to white leaf spot and leaf scorch and also to grey mould

An evaluation of strawberry breeding material received from intervarietal cross breedings is presented. There were used the following varieties: Krasnyj Bereg, Venta, Rubinovyj Kulon, Zenga-Zengana and Red Gontlit. Nine hybrid seedlings were studied by the complex of economic and valuable characters. Among them are winter hardiness, productivity, resistance to fungal diseases and biochemical fruit composition. The purpose of the research was to study strawberry hybrids by the complex of economic and valuable characters and to select promising ones for a competitive examination. According to the investigation results there were selected three promising hybrids (2-9-16, 2-15-8 and 2-3-20) distinguished by high winter hardiness, productivity, large fruits and comparative resistance to leaf spot. There were selected two hybrid seedlings characterized by winter hardiness and productivity

The research results of methods study of soil mulching under the cropping of strawberry cultivars of various terms of maturing made in the Institute for Fruit Growing for the period of 2004-2007 were presented. Strawberry growth and development, its bearing and average berry weight were studied and economic effectiveness of growing was calculated. Experiment variants were weedfree fallow as a control; mulching of row-spacing by sawdust with 10 cm layer; before growing row-spacing mulching by the non-woven polypropylene fabric of mulching function which is spunbond SUF-60 by name of black color. Varieties of medium maturity period such as Krasnyj Bereg, Venta and one cultivar of late maturity period such as Zenga-Zengana were studied. It was determined that before growing soil mulching with the help of spunbond contributes to the increase of marketable plantation production 1.2-1.6 times as much. It also contributes to 4-7 days earlier berry maturing and increase of the average berry weight by 2.5-3.1 gram. Profitability of strawberry cropping with soil mulching with the help of spunbond makes 258%

Results of the investigation of the influence of mineral fertilizers and topdressing with complex water soluble fertilizers Ehkolist Standard, Ehkolist RK-1 and plant growth regulator Novosil on yielding capacity and quality indices of annual onion (Allium cepa) crops grown from seeds in the conditions of the Republic of Belarus were presented. In course of the realized studies it was found out that application of N110P75K110 in combination with topdressing with plant growth regulator Novosil (twice in vegetation period per 100 ml/ha) proved be the most optimal dose of mineral fertilizers for onion cultivation providing the highest yielding capacity (29,1 t/ha) that was on 29,3% higher that the one in the control group, net earning and high economic efficiency level. The highest weight of onion bulbs (70-72 g) were obtained after application of N110P75K110 fertilizers. Realized studies showed that the increasing of doses of the main fertilizer from N70P45K70 up to N110P75K110 caused the increasing of dry matter content in bulbs from 14,6% up to 15,5%. The lowest quality of nitric nitrogen (59,3 mg/kg) was stated after application of N70P45K70 fertilizer doses. Application of topdressings also increased the dry matter content on 0,8-1,0%. Fertilizer elements removal per 10 tones of onions was 47,1-57,1 kg of nitrogen, 12,6-16,6 kg of phosphorous, and 33,3-51,0 of potassium

The analysis of data on productivity of carrot seeds has shown, that maintenance of seed plantings of carrots in a pure condition from weeds leads to increase of seed productivity. The weight of 1000 seeds at use of herbicides was up to standard of a variant without application of herbicides and made 1,3-1,4. The greatest seed germination was observed at a dose of gezagard 3 l/ha and rejser 2 l/ha. The increase of dose of rejser has led to decrease of germination of carrot seeds that can be connected with rigid action of the preparation. For maintenance of seed plantings of carrots in a pure condition from weeds before seed harvesting it is necessary to spend processing by herbicides twice: the first in 2-3 days after disembarkation of thr parent root crops, the second - till closing of lines at height of seed plants 45-55 cm. The most effective influence on decrease in number and weight of weeds on plantings of carrot seed plants have rendered rejser (2,5-3,0 l/ha) and Gezard (2,5-3 l/ha). The greatest productivity is noted at entering of gezard in a dose of 2 l/ha (the increase has made 59,3%)

The research were carried out at the Institute of Vegetable Growing of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus on sod-podzolic medium loam soil with the humus content of 2,26-2,42%. It was established that the optimum combination of agrotechnical and chemical methods against weeds in the system of crop rotation allows to lower weediness of soil and crops on 23,2-46,2% and 39,7-78,2% and to receive high yields of cabbage, beets, cucumber and early-ripening potato. Application of herbicides Butizan C (2,0 l/ha), Stomp (4,5 l/ha), Nitran (5,0 l/ha) and tank mix of Semeron + Fyuzilad super (1,0 kg/ha + 1,0 l/ha) reduced crop contamination on 79,3-93,5% and raised cabbage productivity on 28-35%. On beet crops preparations Piramin (8,0 kg/ha), Batanal (6,0 l/ha), Raundap (2,0 l/ha), Dual (2,0 l/ha) and tank mix Piramin + Betanal (4,0 kg/ha + 3,0 l/ha) caused weed destruction on 76,0-91,2% and have increased productivity of culture by 69-116 c/ha in comparison with the control (388 c/ha). Definition of contamination of 0-10 cm soil layer by weed seeds has shown, that their quantity in the end of rotation of crop rotation decreased on 23,2-36,3% and depended on a kind of culture and applied agricultural technicians. Alternation of cultures and application of the herbicides possessing a various spectrum of action, did not essentially change specific structure of weed plants during the six-summer period of the first rotation of crop rotation, but influenced their parity, promoting gradual decrease in sensitive kinds of weeds and increase in number steady, especially long-term

Results of the long-term studies of the selection and evaluation of short creeping stem and branchy varieties and hybrids of open ground cucumber (Cucumis sativus) by their main morphological and agronomic characteristic (yielding capacity, early ripening, disease resistance, length of the main stem, lateral development, quality and quantity indices of young fruit) realized in the conditions of the Republic of Belarus were presented. The comparative agronomic and biological evaluation of the determinant cucumber fruit forms with the different stem length showed that crops with the tigellum stem (25-40 cm) showed the comparatively early seedling emergence (35-40 days after seeding) and young fruit yield formation only in the favourable weather conditions. Their average yielding capacity was 8-10 t/ha. In the unfavourable weather conditions (reduced temperature background, precipitations) there was noted the retardation of short creeping stem plant growth and development. Research results showed that the following variety samples of the foreign selection could be used as the initial material for the selection of varieties and heterotic hybrids with the different bush habitus: Priliv, Samorodok, Fortuna, Small green round, Gynomite, MSU 9410. The above varieties formed the base for the creation of the national hybrid populations which could be of concern for the realization of the task-specific breeding

Results of studying of collection samples of bean on composed elements of efficiency allow to conclude, that in selection work it is expedient to conduct selection to such signs as quantity of seeds, beans, weight of seeds with a plant between which authentic correlation communications are revealed, and accordingly it is probably to assume their considerable contribution to the general efficiency of plants. At selection of forms for intraspecific hybridization it is necessary to use samples with rather stable signs as more levelled on a genotype. From the studied collection samples relative stability irrespective of conditions of cultivation have shown grades Palanochka, Sevs, Nicelo, Gold Star, Zoryushka by sign quantity of beans on a plant. On habitus of plants for conditions of Belarus the most perspective are forms with short vegetative period Orbane, Rant, Zoryushka. With a corner of growing of lateral branches from the central stalk to 20 deg С - Polka, Rew, Pension. With a high attachment of the bottom beans - grade Pensil Рad. On the majority of the studied grades Sekunda, Matador, Clamis, Orbane, German Bleck, Purpurnaya Koroleva, Palanochka, Plus have appeared the stablest by phenotypical signs

In article results of selection work with onion cultures in Belarus are generalized, the basic and perspective directions research is analyzed. Data on new varieties of onion, garlic and to the perennial onions included in the State register of varieties of Belarus and passed to the State Variety Testing are citing. Selection work with onions cultures in Belarus is conducted with bulb onions, both winter and summer forms of garlic and perennial onions (onions wilting, welsh onions, chives, onions Ledebur). As a result of long-term work grades of bulb onions Skarb litvinov, Radimich, winter garlic Polessje souvenir; chives onions Zornaya rostan and welsh onions Morozko are created. Testing of the Belarus varieties of bulb onions in system of GSI and in farms of the Republic has shown their competitiveness and possibility to receive productivity at level of 30-40 t/ha in annual culture and 40-55 t/ha in culture from onion set. The comparative estimation of the zoned varieties on results of State Variety Testing has revealed a number of advantages of varieties of selection of the Institute of Vegetable Growing. Domestic varieties of bulb onions, possessing precocity (the length of the vegetative period for 1-2 weeks is shorter, than at foreign varieties) and stability to local races of illnesses, well grow ripe and are stored. They considerably surpass all import varieties in biochemical indicators, the content of dry matter, sugars and vitamin C

The data on the investigation of the way of reception of cabbage seeds from secondary buds in the conditions of Belarus are presented. It is established, that at mother trees, brought up of secondary (axillary) buds, the vegetative period has increased for 8 days in comparison with seed plants from apical buds. At comparison of their biometric parameters, it is marked, that mother trees, received of secondary buds, have conceded on height of plants, at them the length of a pod and number of seeds in a pod was reduced. Reception of seeds from secondary (axillary) buds of stump in conditions of Belarus not expediently as productivity is reduced seeds on 46%, and their sowing qualities worsen. Hence, reception of cabbage seeds from stump with apical bud is recommended. It is determined, that at use of the seeds received from queen cell with secondary (axillary) buds, in the first generation the number of plants with the oval form of head of cabbage increases (up to 35%), thus formation of heads of cabbage attacks 9-10 days later. Physical ways of influence on the seeds received from secondary (axillary) buds, promoted increase of energy of germination. Under influence of ozone and microwave-radiation there was a decrease of seed contamination by microorganisms