In the conditions of the Republic of Belarus there was realized a selection of optimal woody indicator plants for the diagnostic of intolerable by moisture of plants viruses of horticultural crops. An analysis of methodical elements of testing of woody indicators of pomaceous (pome) plants in the field and in the glasshouse conditions was made. As a result of analysis there were presented an order and conditions for realization of works on biological testing, as well as there was determined a list of the most sensitive indexes adapted to the conditions of Minsk region of Belarus. In the conditions of the Minsk region the limiting factor for application of a field test for testing pear (Pyrus) and apple (Malus) trees was low winter hardiness of standard West-European woody indicators of pear: Pyronia veitchii; Pyrus communis (Beurre Hardy); Pyrus communis (Williams), Cydonia oblonga (C7/1). The mentioned above indicators for apple were the following: Malus platycarpa; Golden Delicious; Grafsztynek. The following indicators of apple trees showed high degrees of winter hardiness: Malus radiant; Malus pumila (Virginia Crab); Malus pumila (R 12740 7A); Malus pumila (Spy 227); Malus pumila (Lord Lambourne). There were revealed no winter resistance indicators of pear trees.

Terminal and axillary buds of one-year old woody shoots of cultivars Ravolt Masheka, Kurshu dzintars, Malahite in a phase of a profound rest (since October, 31st - till November, 13th) were used to obtain a shoot culture of gooseberry gooseberry (Ribes uva-crispa) in the conditions of the Republic of Belarus. In the form of sterilizing agents there were tested 0.1% mercuric chloride solution, 10% chloramin solution and 33% hydrogen peroxide solution in combination with treatment of 70% ethanol and 0.5% oxihom solution. Explants were cultivated on five modifications of nutrient medium MS. It was established that MS nutrient medium modification containing full norm of macrosalts were not suitable for gooseberry morphogenesis. Decrease of NH4NO3 and KNO3 content in media used in 2 and 3 times increased regenerative ability of all studied cultivars. The cultivar Masheka had high morphogenetic potential. In this cultivar the quantity of viable explants without taking into account the infected ones in one nutritive media was 97%, in the other – it lowered up to 89,8%, at the same medium the conglomerate shootings were in average 1.16 cm.

The review shows the features of ecological way of fruit growing production taking into account its food value and ecological compatibility. Biodynamic production was developed in 80-90s of XX century that based on application of natural soil biological activity and space rhyme regularities (Earth and other planets gravitation, including the Moon, light energy of stars, mainly solar energy) is also described. The problems of ecology friendly intensive fruit production, which take into account step-by-step passage to adaptive horticulture through biological technologies, are viewed. At that the important factors are: following to technological methods of fruit culture; satisfactions of its bioecological requirements to growth conditions; application of cultivars resistant to harmful agents; the highest possible usage of natural resources according to local soil and climate conditions.

In the conditions of the Republic of Belarus there were analyzed the results of growth and productivity research of apple (Malus) tree varieties Antey and Tellisaare grown on clonal (small-stature form of stock) rootstock 62-396 and semiclonal (semidwarf) rootstock 54-118 in 1999-2008. Schemes of planting was the following: one-line – 4 x 3 and 4 x 1,5 m with density 833 and 1665 trees/hectare; two-line - (4+1) x 1,5 m with density of 1335 and 2665 trees/hectare. It was determined that more compact scheme of planting reduced the strength of body of a tree growth. Decreasing of area increment of cross-sectional area of stem, as well as size of crown was observed in plantations with thicken scheme of planting on the rootstock 62-396, notably in variants with scheme of planting 4 x 1,5 m and (4+1) x 1,5 m and orchard density 1665-2665 trees/hectare. More vigorous increment of cross-sectional area of stem was noted with scheme of planting of 4 x 3 m and orchard density 833 trees/ hectare. The greatest productivity from area unit for 10 years was obtained in thickened plantings: on rootstock 62-396 with scheme of planting (4+1) x 1,5 m - 54,2 and 32,5 ton/hectare; 4 x 1,5 m - 47,6 and 27,6 ton/hectare; (4+1) x 3 m - 47,5 and 24,6 ton/hectare, respectively. At thinned scheme of planting (4 x 3 m) productivity of variety Antey on rootstock 54-118 was 35,6-37,6 ton/hectare, variety Tellisaare on the same rootstock - 18,4-22,8 ton/hectare.

In the conditions of the Republic of Belarus in 2007-2008 there was analyzed the influence of leaf-feeding fertilization with urea and a complex of trace fertilizers produced by the BASF Company (ADOB Bor and Basfoliar 12-4-6) on growth and fructification of apple (Malus) trees of different varieties. There was noted a different reaction of apple cultivars to the applied fertilizers. In Antey cultivar the leaf-feeding fertilization with urea promoted favored the yielding of fruits with larger mass and higher yield production of the first class fruit. In cultivar Slava Pobeditelyam the leaf-feeding fertilization with urea favoured enhanced area of lamina, chlorophyll and caretoneds content, yield, quantity of first class fruit and profit. In ciltivar Pamyat Subarovoy – urea application enhanced yield, average fruit mass, quantity of first class fruit and profit. For Alesya cultivar – it enhanced the average area of lamina and average fruit mass. Leaf-feeding application of trace fertilizers increased the average area of leaf lamina on accretion at cultivars Antey and Alesya. In varieties Slava Pobeditelyam and Pamyat Subarovoy in the variants with application of trace fertilizers there were stated higher yields, quantity of first class fruit and profit per a hectare.

In the conditions of the Republic of Belarus in 2005-2008 there were analyzed the local forms of quince (Cydonia oblonga) in a collection of a breed shed for their suitability for application as a clonal rootstock of pear (Pyrus L.), as well as there were revealed the best of them for the further study in a breed shed of a competitive testing. The perspective forms 1-60, 2-20, 2-31, 2-48, 2-63 were revealed in the result of evaluation of local quince forms for availability as dwarf pear rootstocks. These forms were characterized by high yield of rooted layers with a well-developed root system. The form 2-31 proved to posses the best economic and biological complex of indexes. The mentioned above form was distinguished by high rooting ability of layers (4.3 points), had well-developed fascicular root system and high cast of standard layers (61.5%). The local quince forms without economic and biological value were excluded from the further investigation.

Micropropagaton is an essential stage of virus-free plant material production. Optimal medium composition depending on species and cultivar traits is very important for effective micropropagation. Traits of in vitro culture and optimization of medium composition for several released in the Republic of Belarus red currant (Ribes rubrum) cultivars (Ferdoti; Rondom; Ionker van Tets; and Nenaglyadnaya) were studied. It was noted that low concentrations of sucrose or glucose (20 mg/l) as carbohydrate sources in the nutritive media as the regeneration in vitro stage were better for red current. Also the traits of proliferation initiation stage were studied. The optimal concentration of cytokine and 6-benzylaminopurine for micropropagation of red current cultivar Nenaglyadnaya was established.

In the conditions of the Republic of Belarus in 2007-2008 there was analyzed the influence of a plant growth regulator and soil mulching on lignified layers rooting of sea-buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L.) in the open ground. Study was carried out in the field experiment planted on the plot of the Department of Small Fruit Breeding of the Institute for Fruit Growing (Belarus). Research objects were lignified sea-buckthorn layers of varieties Plamennaya, Trofimovskaya and male form 04-17-96. Research results showed that application of growth powder AB (produced by Himal, Poland) in the capacity of rooting agent with soil mulching of sawdust and peat led to increasing of lignified sea-buckthorn layers rooting in 1.8-1.9 times in comparison with control. Application of a plant growth regulator promoted the increasing og plant height on 22.7-36.4%. Obtained planting stock of sea-buckthorn for their biometrical characteristics satisfied the requirements of standard STB 1607-2006.

In the conditions of the Republic of Belarus there was presented a description of economical and biological features of released and perspective seed and clonal dwarfs of sour cherry (Prunus cerasus L.) and sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.) rootstocks. In accordance with the results of a complex estimation realized in a mother plantation of collection study, as well as in accordance with properties of propagation by herbaceous cuttings and propagation by layerings in the conditions of growing in nursery fields and in a garden there were selected dwarf rootstocks OVP-2, V-2-180, Izmaylovskiy (PN), VSL-2, AVCh-2, and Damil GM-61/1. Weakly developing clonal dwarf rootstocks OVP-2, V-2-180, Izmaylovskiy (PN), VSL-2, AVCh-2, Damil GM-61/1 decreased the height of grafted trees on 20-40% that was important for the creation of more dense plantings and formation of compact crowns. The best effect was obtained in variety and dwarf combinations including of a weakly grown cultivar with a weakly developing dwarf rootstock.

Ability of raspberry (Rubus idaeus) plantlets to ex vitro acclimatization missing the stage of in vitro rootage, as well as influence of substrate on morphological development of plants were studied in the conditions of the Republic of Belarus. Several substrates were tested: a mix of peat and sand (3:1), perlite, BIONA-112 and a mix of BIONA-112 : perlite (1:2). The results of the experiment showed capability of raspberry plants for efficient adaptation to ex vitro conditions. It was determined that optimal substrate for ex vitro rootage and adaptation of cv. Meteor and Alyonushka plants was BIONA-112, because of high level of plants acclimatization (78-97%) and their roots system volume and stems length greater or up-to-date of control. For cv. Balsam plants the best was mix of BIONA-112 with perlit which provided 72% of adapted plants, developed roots system and stems length exceeding in 2.3 times of control. It was calculated that cost of 1 plant adaptation without stage of in vitro rooting reduced on 27% after using BIONA-112 and on 24% after using BIONA-112 : perlite and save 2 months of time in comparison of traditional scheme of acclimatization.