In the conditions of the Republic of Belarus there were analyzed the results of study of different ways to keep ground near stems in a young apple (Malus) orchard. There was established significant positive influence of mulching ground by sawdust on the indices of tree growth - bole cross-section area and its increase was higher than at keeping the ground near stems with herbicides and fallow land. Summarizing two years of fruiting the highest yield was harvested from studied cv. Vesyalina and Alesya on dwarf rootstock 62-396 in the variant of keeping ground with fallow lad - 20.3 and 16.1 t/ha; on super-dwarf rootstock PB-4 - in the variant of mulching ground - 15.2 and 19.3 t/ha with high outcome of marketable fruit - on 2-12% higher in comparison with the control variant.

The results of the study presented in the article in the conditions of the Republic of Belarus, show how different techniques of keeping ground at row-spacing (fallow land and green manure) and application of different fertilizers (mineral and biological fertilizing complexes) influences the growth and fruiting of apple cv. Charaunitsa on semi-dwarf rootstock 57-545. It was established that techniques of keeping ground at row-spacing and application of different fertilizers influenced on growth, yield, and marketable fruit quality of cv. Charaunitsa and also on the soil agrochemical characteristics in the orchard. Application of green manure at row-spacing influenced positively on growing process and yield, enhanced bole cross-section area yield, humus content on soil, decreased the soil solutions pH to neutral. The mowed green manure was left at place and ploughed in the sequel. That procedure with application of the fertilizers favored to make soil pH neutral. Application of the solid mineral fertilizers increased growth strength, but influenced in different ways on yield and fruit outcome.

In the conditions of the Republic of Belarus there were analyzed the results of a collection study of plum (Prunus L.) dwarf rootstocks of different geographical origin. The economic and biological features (height, diameter, capability to form shoots, rootage) of 16 rootstocks were investigated. The increase of shoot growth strength and intensity was established on the second and third year of exploiting the rootstock nursery garden. The thinnest plum rootstock in the dwarf group was VSV-1 (on the average 7.1 mm), semi-dwarf- Vesenneye Plamya and Khumilis - 7.0 mm. According to the results the rootstocks VVA-1, VSV-1, Fortuna, Khumilis (Russia) were selected as the high productive (5.6-8.0 shoots per plant) and good rooting ability (2.7-3.8 points) in the nursery garden.

In the conditions of the Republic of Belarus in 2005-2009 there was analyzed growth and yielding capacity of sour cherry (Prunus cerasus L.) trees cv. Vyanok and Nort Star on rootstocks wild cherry, Izmaylovsky (PN) and OVP-2 depending on planting schemes 4 x 1.5 m; 4 x 2; 4 x 2.5 m. The variety differences of growth strength, flowering intensity and yield were established on cherry trees. The cross-section area of cv. Vyanok trees was in 1.12-1.24 times higher than of cv. Nort Star. Decreasing the spacing between the trees led to reducing of the bole cross-section area of cv Vyanok on OVP-2 and cv. Nort Star on PN. The trees yield of cv. Nort Star was in 2-2.5 times higher than the one of cv. Vyanok. The two-year yield of both cultivars was higher on the rootstock Izmaylovsky. The compaction of the cv. Vyanok trees to 1.5 m was appropriate only on OVP-2. The wild cherry and Izmaylovsky rootstocks using with 2 m spacing between trees gave the higher yield per hectare than OVP-2. The profitability had close relation to the yield. The most profitable was using cv. Vyanok on Izmaylovsky at planting scheme 4 x 2 m and using cv. Nort Star on OVP-2 and Izmaylovsky at scheme 4 x 1.5 m.

In the conditions of the central region of the Republic of Belarus there were analyzed the preliminary results of study of 27 blackcurrant (Ribes nigrum) cultivars by productivity components (number of fruiting branches, internode length, number of fruiting nodes, number of berries in a bunch, average fruit mass). The evaluation of black currant by productivity components showed that the cultivars differed both by combination and the maximum value of each of the components. The potential of productivity, estimated at the productivity components study, made it possible to distinguish three groups of cultivars: with high, middle and low potential. The cultivars having over 19 fruiting branches per a bush, 5 or more berries in a bunch and average fruit mass over 1 g, have high productivity potential. These were the following: Alta; Binar; Nara; Russky Velikan; Sozvezdie; Yadrenaya.

In the conditions of the Republic of Belarus there was presented a review of the main perspectives of sour cherry (Prunus cerasus L.) breeding for resistance to cherry leaf spot, the most serious fungal diseases on sour and sweet cherry. The short characteristic of biological features and occurrence of this disease is given. The most prospective way of cherry breeding is distant hybridization. As a result of hybridization P. cerasus and P. maackii the donors of resistance to leaf spot have been created. The genetic mechanisms of resistance to cherry leaf spot are also described. Monogenic and polygenic types of resistance are shown.

In the conditions of the Republic of Belarus there was evaluated the total yielding capacity of itervarietal hybrids of table beet (Beta vulgaris) under different climatic conditions for the selection of the most highly-valued genotypes for the further selection. There were presented the results of estimation of the adaptive potential of 23 intervarietal hybrids which showed that all of them differed by their genetic flexibility and stability. According t the results of analysis of the adaptive potential (genotype selection value and general adaptive capacity) of intervarietal F1 hybrids as the initial material for the further breeding of table beet there can be recommended the following the most perspective hybrids: 1. with beet-roots plain in shape – 041-19; 041-2; 2. with beet-roots round in shape – 040-3; 040-6; 040-4; 040-1; 3. with beet-roots cylindric in shape – 043-26; 044-32; 042-25; 4. with beet-roots round in shape and one-seeded and two-seeded level fruits – 042-13; 042-31; 0510-14; 0510-15.

The shape comparison of the male sterility carrot selected from local Belarusian Lyavonikha variety is given. The comparison is held according to several different agricultural valuable features. The data about fixing a male sterility feature with the lines 1238V and 690V is cited. The crop yield and market value of the carrot forms selected according the male sterility for the period of 2007-2008 is analyzed. The crop yield and market value of the hybrid examples compared to the parental forms and standards is evaluated. Carotene and dry matter content in investigated hybrid examples compared to the parental forms and standards is analyzed for the period of 2008-2009. Comparative analysis of the carrot sort examples according the general features of the sort model (for the storage) is given. The male sterility appearance at plants of Lyavonikha variety in 2009 is shown. The experiment has shown the most important features of the male sterility have MS-1 x 690 B (30 %), MS-3 x 690 B (25%) and MS-7 x 1238 B (30%) forms.

In the conditions of the Republic of Belarus there were analyzed the results of comparative characteristics of indexes of vegetative growth, yield and fruit quality of apple (Malus) cultivar-rootstock combinations. On the basis on morphological analysis of crown there was determined the general number and density of growing points on tree branch of cv. Antey and Alesya depending on rootstock growth strength. According to the vegetative growth characteristics the trees on rootstock PB-4 showed worse indexes than the trees on dwarf rootstock 62-396. Despite the increasing of planting density on 50% the leaf area of the trees on PB-4 rootstock in-equivalent to hectare was on 2.15-2.5 times lower in comparison with the trees on 62-396 rootstock. According to the density and total number of growing points of encrusting type the trees 62-396 substantially exceeded the ones on PB-4 due to higher growth strength on this rootstock. Using of dwarf rootstock PB-4 led to decrease of average fruit mass on the large-fruited cv. Antey in comparison with 62-396 rootstock. For cv. Alesya with average fruit mass 140-166 gram the type of rootstock did not render substantial influence. Yield per tree and yield per growing area unit for both cultivars was higher at the dwarf rootstock 62-396 in comparison with PB-4 rootstock.

In the conditions of the Republic of Belarus there were analyzed the established morphological parameters of development of blackcurrant (Ribes nigrum) regenerants during ex vitro adaptation on ion exchange substrate BIONA-112. Significant influence of ion exchange substrate on number of adapted plants (p less than 0,05), stem growth (p less than 0,001), rootage growth and volume for different black current cultivars was determined. The considerable percentage of adapted plants was determined for cultivars Zhuravushka, Nestor Kozin (83,33% +/- 8,33 respectively), Chernyj Aist (81,02% +/- 3,24). Cultivars Atlant, Hercules, Zagadka, Belorusskaya Sladkaya appeared in group with low percentage of adapted plants. The ion exchange substrate BIONA-122 stimulated intensive growth and root system development for cultivars Cherniy Aist and Hercules, meanwhile cultivars Nestor Kozin, Belorusskaya Sladkaya and Atlant demonstrated low stem growth and root system development.